Archistriatum
Encyclopedia
The arcopallium refers to regions of the avian
brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala
of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex, and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial
amygdala
. The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian neocortex
, claustrum
, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged basal ganglia
, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence.
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
brain which partially overlap regions homologous to the amygdala
Amygdala
The ' are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.-...
of mammals. These regions have formerly been referred to as archistriatum, and before this epistriatum or amygdaloid complex, and a recent change of nomenclature has divided the region into the arcopallium and posterior pallial
Pallium
The pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See. In that context it has always remained unambiguously...
amygdala
Amygdala
The ' are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.-...
. The new nomenclature, adopted in 2004, reflects a modern understanding that the avian brain is broadly similar to the mammalian brain, containing large regions homologous to the mammalian neocortex
Neocortex
The neocortex , also called the neopallium and isocortex , is a part of the brain of mammals. It is the outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres, and made up of six layers, labelled I to VI...
, claustrum
Claustrum
The claustrum, which is suspected to be present in all mammals, is a fairly thin vertical curved sheet of subcortical gray matter...
, and pallial amygdala. The outdated nomenclature it replaced perceived the avian brain as consisting almost entirely of enlarged basal ganglia
Basal ganglia
The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit. They are situated at the base of the forebrain and are strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas...
, to which more complex outer layers had been added during a progress toward mammalian intelligence.
Reassignments
Specific reassignments of terminology were made with consideration of retaining abbreviations, and include:- Archistriatum: Arcopallium (A)
- Nucleus archistriatalis anterior: Anterior arcopallium (AA)
- Archistriatum, pars dorsalis: Dorsal arcopallium (AD)
- Upper part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis: Intermediate arcopallium (AI)
- Medial part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis: Medial arcopallium (AM)
- Robust nucleus of archistriatum in male songbirds: Robust nucleus of arcopallium (RA)
- Central nucleus of anterior archistriatum in parrots: Central nucleus of anterior arcopallium (AAC)
- Ventral part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis plus caudal part of Archistriatum: Posterior nucleus of the pallial amygdalaAmygdalaThe ' are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.-...
(PoA) - Nucleus taeniae: Nucleus taeniae of the amygdala (Tn/TnA)
- Region below paleostriatum primitivum posterior to anterior commissure: Subpallial amygdaloidAmygdalaThe ' are almond-shaped groups of nuclei located deep within the medial temporal lobes of the brain in complex vertebrates, including humans. Shown in research to perform a primary role in the processing and memory of emotional reactions, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system.-...
area (PA/SpA)