Archibald v. Braverman
Encyclopedia
Archibald v. Braverman, 275 Cal. App. 2d 253 (1969), was a case decided by the California Court of Appeals that first ruled that visual perception of an accident was not a necessary prerequisite to recovery for negligent infliction of emotional distress
Negligent infliction of emotional distress
The tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress is a controversial cause of action, which is available in nearly all U.S. states but is severely constrained and limited in the majority of them. The underlying concept is that one has a legal duty to use reasonable care to avoid causing...

 under the criteria enunciated in Dillon v. Legg
Dillon v. Legg
Dillon v. Legg, 68 Cal. 2d 728 , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of California that established the tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress...

. The holding in Archibald was later overruled by the 1989 case Thing v. La Chusa
Thing v. La Chusa
Thing v. La Chusa, 48 Cal. 3d 644 , was a case decided by the Supreme Court of California that limited the scope of the tort of negligent infliction of emotional distress...

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