The
Archbishop of Uppsala (spelled
Upsala until early 20th century) has been the
primatePrimate is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority or ceremonial precedence .-Roman Catholic Church:In the Western Church, a Primate is an archbishop—or rarely a suffragan...
in Sweden in an unbroken succession since 1164, first during the
CatholicThe Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church. With more than a billion members, over half of all Christians and more than one-sixth of the world's population, the Catholic Church is a communion of the Western, or Latin Rite Church, and...
era, and from the 1530s and onward under the Lutheran church.
Historical overview
There have been bishops in
UppsalaUppsala is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden with 144,839 inhabitants....
from the time of Swedish King Ingold the Elder in the 11th century. They were governed by the archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen until Uppsala was made an archbishopric in 1164. The archbishop in Lund (which at that time belonged to Denmark) was declared
primatePrimate is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority or ceremonial precedence .-Roman Catholic Church:In the Western Church, a Primate is an archbishop—or rarely a suffragan...
of Sweden, meaning it was his right to select and ordain the Uppsala archbishop by handing him the
palliumThe Pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See...
. To gain independence,
Folke Johansson ÄngelFolke Johansson Ängel was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1267-1277, although he was not ordained by the Pope until 1274...
in 1274 went to Rome and was ordained directly by the pope. This practice was increasing, so that no Uppsala archbishop was in Lund after Olov Björnsson, in 1318. In 1457, the archbishop Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) was allowed by the pope to declare himself primate of Sweden.
Uppsala (then a village) was originally located a couple of miles to the north of the present city, in what is today known as
Gamla UppsalaGamla Uppsala is a parish and a village outside Uppsala in Sweden. It had 16,231 inhabitants in 1991.As early as the 3rd century AD and the 4th century AD and onwards, it was an important religious, economic and political centre...
(
Old Uppsala). In 1273, the archbishopric, together with the relics of King
Eric the SaintEric IX of Sweden was a Swedish king c.1150 – 1160...
, was moved to the market town of Östra Aros, which from then on is named
Uppsala.
In 1531,
Laurentius PetriLaurentius Petri Nericius was a Swedish clergyman and the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden. He and his brother Olaus Petri are, together with the King Gustav Vasa, regarded as the main Protestant reformers of Sweden...
was chosen by King
Gustav I of SwedenGustav I, born Gustav Eriksson and later known as Gustav Vasa , was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death. He was the first monarch of the House of Vasa, an influential noble family which came to be the royal house of Sweden for much of the 16th and 17th centuries...
(Vasa) to be archbishop, taking that privilege from the pope and in effect making Sweden Protestant. The archbishop was then declared
primus inter paresPrimus inter pares , the first among equals, or first among peers is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office....
i.e. first among equals. The archbishop is both bishop of his diocese and Primate of Sweden; he has however no more authority than other bishops, although in effect his statements have a more widespread effect. In 2000, the Archbishop of Uppsala was aided in the diocese by a bishop of Uppsala, currently Ragnar Persenius.
Notable archbishops
The labours of the archbishops extended in all directions. Some were zealous pastors of their flocks, such as Jarler and others; some were distinguished canonists, such as Birger Gregerson (1367-83) and Olof Larsson (1435-8); others were statesmen, such as Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstjerna (d. 1467), or capable administrators, such as Jacob Ulfsson Örnfot, who was distinguished as a prince of the Church, royal councillor, patron of art and learning, founder of the University of Upsala and an efficient helper in the introduction of printing into Sweden. There were also scholars, such as Johannes Magnus (died 1544), who wrote the "Historia de omnibus Gothorum sueonumque regibus" and the "Historia metropolitanæ ecclesiæ Upsaliensis", and his brother Olaus Magnus (d. 1588), who wrote the "Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus" and who was the last Catholic Archbishop of Upsala.
The archbishops and secular clergy found active co-workers among the regular clergy (i.e. religious orders). Among the orders represented in Sweden were the Benedictines, Cistercians, Dominicans, Franciscans, Brigittines (with the mother-house at Wadstena) and Carthusians. A Swedish Protestant investigator, Carl Silfverstolpe, wrote: "The monks were almost the sole bond of union in the Middle Ages between the civilization of the north and that of southern Europe, and it can be claimed that the active relations between our monasteries and those in southern lands were the arteries through which the higher civilization reached our country."
See
Birger GregerssonBirger Gregersson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, from 1366 to his death 1383.It is known that he was vicar of Österhaninge and then priest in Uppsala. He was a supporter of King Albrekt, who appointed him chancellor....
(1366-83; hymnist and author), Nils Ragvaldsson
(1438- 48; early adherent of Old Norse mythology), Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna) (1448-67; King of Sweden), Jakob Ulfsson (1470-1514; founder of Uppsala University),
Gustav TrolleGustav Eriksson Trolle was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, in two sessions, during the turbulent Reformation events.After returning from studies abroad, in Cologne and Rome, he was in 1513 elected vicar in Linköping. One year later he became Archbishop of Uppsala...
(1515-21; supporter of the Danish King),
Johannes MagnusJohannes Magnus was born March 19, 1488 in Linköping, Sweden and died March 22, 1544 in Rome...
(1523-26: wrote an imaginative Scandianian Chronicle),
Laurentius PetriLaurentius Petri Nericius was a Swedish clergyman and the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden. He and his brother Olaus Petri are, together with the King Gustav Vasa, regarded as the main Protestant reformers of Sweden...
(1531-73; main character behind the Swedish Lutheran reformation),
Abraham AngermannusAbraham Andersson, usually known under the Latin form of his name, Abrahamus Andreæ Angermannus or just Abraham Angermannus was the fourth Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1593 to 1599...
(1593-99; controversial critic of the King),
Olaus MartiniOlof Mårtensson also known in the Latin form Olaus Martini, was Archbishop of Uppsala from 1601 to his death.Born in Uppsala, Sweden, he first enrolled in the University of Uppsala, but when it was temporarily closed in 1578 he travelled abroad...
(1601- 09),
Petrus KeniciusPetrus Kenicius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1609 to his death.He got his education from the Universities of Wittenberg and Rostock....
(1609-36),
Laurentius Paulinus GothusLaurentius Paulinus Gothus was a Swedish theologian, astronomer and Archbishop of Uppsala .-Life:In 1588 Gothus travelled to Germany and studied in the Rostock University for three years...
(1637-46; astronomer and philosopher of
RamusRamus can refer to:* A branch* A portion of a bone , as in the Ramus of the mandible or Superior pubic ramus* A nerve ramus such as the Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve* Petrus Ramus* The academic journal...
school),
Johannes Canuti LenaeusJohannes Canuti Lenaeus was professor at Uppsala University and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1657 to his death....
(1647-69; aristotelean and logician),
Erik Benzelius the ElderErik Benzelius was a Swedish theologian and Archbishop of Uppsala.Benzelius was born at the Bentseby farm in the parish of Luleå in northern Sweden, son of the farmer and lay assessor Henrik Jakobsson...
(1700-09; highly knowledgeable),
Haquin SpegelHaquin Spegel , born as Håkan Spegel in Ronneby in south-east Sweden, was a religious author and hymn writer who held several bishop's seats.- Life :...
(1711-14; public educator), Mattias Steuchius (1714-30),
Uno von TroilUno von Troil was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1786-1803. He was the son of Samuel Troilius, who had also been archbishop ....
(1786- 1803; politician), Jakob Axelsson Lindblom
(1805-19),
Johan Olof WallinJohan Olof Wallin, , was a Swedish minister, orator, poet and later Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden. He is most remembered today for his hymns.- Early life :...
(1837-39; beloved poet and hymnist), Karl Fredrik af Wingård (1839-51; politician), Henrik Reuterdahl (1856-70) Anton Niklas Sundberg (1870-1900; outspoken and controversial) and
Nathan SöderblomLars Olof Jonathan Söderblom was a Swedish clergyman, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden, and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on July 12.Söderblom was born on a farm called Trönö, today Söderhamn Municipality,...
(1914-1931; Nobel Prize winner).
Earliest bishops
The first written mention of a bishop at Uppsala is from
Adam of BremenAdam of Bremen was a German medieval chronicler. He lived and worked in the second half of the eleventh century. He is most famous for his chronicle Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum .-Background:Little is known of his life other than hints from his own chronicles...
's
Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum that records in passing
Adalvard the YoungerAdalvard the Younger was a German missionary bishop from Bremen who was active in Sigtuna, in Sweden, in the 1060s. According to Adam of Bremen, Adalvard tried to make the Swedish king Stenkil close the great temple at Uppsala. This attempt failed and so Adalvard had to flee to Västergötland,...
appointed as the bishop for
Sictunam et Ubsalam in the 1060s. Swedish sources never mention him either in Sigtuna or Uppsala.
The medieval
Annales Suecici Medii Aevi and the 13th century legend of
Saint BotvidSaint Botvid was a Catholic missionary in the Swedish County of Södermanland in the 11th Century.According to legend, he was killed with an axe while fishing. Saint Botvid is shown on the seal and coat of arms of Botkyrka Municipality, where he carries an axe and a fish...
mention some Henry as the Bishop of Uppsala (
Henricus scilicet Upsalensis) in 1129, participating in the consecration of the saint's newly built church. He is apparently the same Bishop Henry who died at the
Battle of FotevikBattle of Fotevik was fought between King Niels of Denmark and the illegitimate son of the previous King Eric I, also called as Eric, in June 4, 1134 at the bay of Fotevik in Skåne. The battle was a decisive victory for Eric, who became the next King of Denmark as Eric II....
in 1134, fighting along with the Danes after being banished from Sweden. Known from the
Chronicon RoskildenseChronicon Roskildense a small Danish historical work, which except for few yearbooks, is the oldest known attempt to write a coherent account of Danish history by a Danish author, from the time of the introduction of Christianity in Denmark to the author's own time...
written soon after his death and from
Saxo GrammaticusSaxo Grammaticus also known as Saxo cognomine Longus was a Danish historian, thought to have been a secular clerk or secretary to Absalon, Archbishop of Lund. He is the author of the first full history of Denmark.- Life :...
'
Gesta DanorumGesta Danorum is a work of Danish history, by the 12th century author Saxo Grammaticus . It is the most ambitious literary undertaking of medieval Denmark and is an essential source for the nation's early history...
from the early 13th century, he had fled to Denmark from
SigtunaSigtuna is a locality situated in Sigtuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 7,204 inhabitants in 2005. It is the namesake of the municipality even though the seat is in Märsta....
. Also he is omitted from, or at least redated in, the first list of bishops made in the 15th century. In this list, the first bishop at Uppsala was Sverinius (Siwardus?), succeeded by Nicolaus, Sveno, Henricus and Kopmannus. With the exception of Henricus, the list only mentions their names.
Archbishops before the Reformation
12th century
- 1164–1185 Stefan
Stefan was created the first Archbishop of Uppsala in Sweden in the year 1164, a post he held until his death.Stefan was a Cistercian monk from Alvastra monastery...
- 1185–1187 Johannes
Johannes was the second Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden. His shortlived reign was between 1185 and 1187.His name is sometimes spelled as Johan, the Swedish form of Johannes, but since the Swedish language had yet to be established it is of little importance. About Johannes little is known...
.
Johannes was ordained by the Archbishop of
LundLund is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 76,188 inhabitants in 2005, out of a municipal total of 105,000. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when the Scanian lands belonged to Denmark...
,
AbsalonAbsalon was a Danish archbishop and statesman. He was the son of Asser Rig of Fjenneslev , at whose castle he and his brother Esbjørn were brought up along with the young prince Valdemar, afterwards King Valdemar I.-Early life:After giving Absalon the rudiments of a sound education at home, which...
by November 1185. In 1187, a ship from the
paganPaganism is a word with several different meanings.In its broadest definition, pagan denotes all non-Abrahamic religions, that is to say it denotes all religions other than Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.Other usages are:*Paganism may mean Polytheism: The group so defined includes most of the...
Estonia entered Mälaren, a lake close to Uppsala, on a plundering expedition. It sailed to
SigtunaSigtuna is a locality situated in Sigtuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 7,204 inhabitants in 2005. It is the namesake of the municipality even though the seat is in Märsta....
, a prosperous city at that time, and plundered it. On its way back, barricades were set up at the only exit point at
AlmarestäketAlmarestäket, or Stäket, is a strait at the inlet of Lake Mälaren in mid-east Sweden. A fortress existed there between about 1370 and 1517, also named Almarestäket....
to prevent the ship from escaping. Johannes was there also. As the ship struggled to pass through, Johannes were among those killed.
- 1187–1197 Petrus
Petrus was the third archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, between 1187-1197.He was ordained by the mighty Danish archbishop Absalon in Lund, the primate of Sweden at that time. When Sweden got a new king, Sverker, who was related to the Danish Royal Court, Absalon extended his authority over Sweden...
.
He was ordained by Absalon. Sweden got a new king,
Sverker II of SwedenSverker The Younger Karlsson or Sverker den yngre Karlsson in Swedish , was king of Sweden from 1196 to 1208.-Biography:...
in 1196, who was related to the Danish Royal Court, whereby Absalon extended his authority over Sweden. When Petrus in 1196 elected three bishops, Absalon requested that the pope decide since the bishops were the sons of other priests, and this was not allowed by papal decree. He also mentioned that several Swedish bishops refused to travel to his
synodA synod is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application...
s. Absalon was an authoritative person whom the pope trusted and gave him rights, but by the time the message reached Uppsala Petrus had already died.
13th century
- 1198–1206 Olov Lambatunga
Olov Lambatunga was archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1198-1206.Little is known about Olov. A couple of papal letters exist: In 1200, the pope declared that Catholic Church estates were free from government taxes and that clerics should not be subjected to the courts and judges of the government, but...
.
In 1200,
Pope Innocent IIIPope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. He was born with the name Lotario de Conti.-Early life and election to the Papacy:Lotario de' Conti was born Gavignano, near Anagni...
demanded that Church estate be free from the king's taxes and that clerics be judged only by bishops and prelates, and not civil courts and judges. This was a step in the separation between worldy and spiritual matters, which the Swedish Church had not yet taken. Innocent also demanded that Olov dismiss the two bishops ordained by Petrus.
When Uppsala burnt in 1204, Olov's pallium was burnt and he sent a request to Innocent III for a new one to be made.
- 1207–1219 Valerius
Valerius was the Swedish Archbishop 1207-1219 . He was the fifth archbishop after the establishment of the see in 1164.- Appointment :...
.
Valerius was most likely the son of a church man – and the Archbishop of Lund appealed the election to Rome. The pope allowed a dispensation for Valerius on the grounds that there was no other suitable candidate and because Valierus was known as a learned man with good customs and virtues.
Valerius joined sides with the King
Sverker II of SwedenSverker The Younger Karlsson or Sverker den yngre Karlsson in Swedish , was king of Sweden from 1196 to 1208.-Biography:...
who belonged to the House of Sverker. The House of Sverker was one of the antagonists in a civil war that had been going on and off since 1130. In 1208 the opposing side, the
House of EricThe dynasty of Eric or House of Erik was one of the two noble families, dynasties, which were rivals for the kingship of Sweden between 1150 and 1220. The first king of this dynasty was Eric IX of Sweden whom the later world has dubbed Saint Erik...
, besieged the capital Stockholm; Sverker and Valierus fled to Denmark.
Sverker gathered a small army in Denmark and tried to conquer Sweden but was killed. Valerius then decided to accept King Eric X's authority, and as a result was allowed to return to Uppsala, where he crowned Eric X in 1210. Pope Innocent III sent a letter to Valerius where he proclaimed the procedure to be unauthorised and unlawful, but it seems to have had little impact.
- 1219(1224)-1234 Olov Basatömer. N/A
- 1236–1255 Jarler
Jarler was Archbishop of Sweden from 1236 to 1255.Jarler was one of the two earliest known Swedish students at the University of Paris....
He was one of the first known Swedish students at the
University of ParisThe historic University of Paris was founded in the mid 12th century, likely between 1160 and 1170 , In 1970 it was reorganized as 13 autonomous universities...
. As archbishop, he established several clerical regulations.
- 1255–1267 Lars
Lars was the name of the Archbishop of Sweden 1255-1267.Lars is a Swedish form for the Latin name Laurentius, which in English is Lawrence. This was the name Lars used as an archbishop. His birthname is unknown....
(Laurentius).
Lars was recruited from the recently established
FranciscanThe term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic religious orders, also known as the Orders of Friars Minor, that follow a body of regulations known as "The rule of St. Francis", or a member of one of these orders. As well as Roman Catholic there are also small Old Catholic and...
monastery in
EnköpingEnköping is a locality and the seat of Enköping Municipality, Uppsala County, Sweden with 20,204 inhabitants in 2005.- Geography :Enköping is situated near Lake Mälaren, about 78 km west of Stockholm....
and was most likely a foreigner. The Pope expressed trust in the recently crowned Swedish monarch
Birger Jarl, born Birger Magnusson , was a Swedish statesman, a member of the House of Bjelbo, who played a pivotal role in the consolidation of Sweden while a jarl from 1248 until his death...
who, unlike his predecessors, had promised to support the Church by granting it freedom from taxes and establish
missionairiesA missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith; someone who proselytizes. The word "mission" is derived from the Latin missioninimus A missionary is a member of a religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith;...
to yet un-Christianised parts – or parts who had returned to paganim – specifically
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
and the Baltic states.
But this promise was not realised because of the shaky political situation in Sweden. There was an ongoing struggle for power, which eventually forced the antagonists to tax Church property in order to support the war.
Lars tried to impose
clerical celibacyClerical celibacy is the practice in various religious traditions, in which clergy, monastics and those in religious orders adopt a celibate life, refraining from marriage and sexual relationships, including masturbation and "impure thoughts"...
, which still had not been enforced in Sweden because the low population figures in Sweden required priests to marry and have children. In 1258 Lars sent Pope
Alexander IVAlexander IV may refer to:* Pope Alexander IV , Pope from 1254 until his death* Alexander IV of Macedon, son of Alexander the Great* Alexander IV of Imereti , of the Bagrationi Dynasty, king of Imereti...
a request that married clergy not be excommunicated, a request which indicates married clery were not uncommon.
Also in 1258 the move of the archdiocese to its present location was decided, but it would not take effect for another decade.
- 1267–1277 Folke Johansson Ängel (Fulco Angelus).
Folke belonged to the influential family Ängel, which used the Archangel Gabriel as a heraldic charge.
He was, for unclear reasons, not ordained until 1274. Civil distrubances may have been a cause, but also the reluctance of the cathedral chapter to be under the authority of Lund. In 1274, Folke ignored the Primate of Lund by travelling to Rome and getting ordained by the pope Gregory X himself
Folke's most important contribution was to commission the moving of the episcopal see from its old location to its present location. At his death he was one of the first to be buried in
Uppsala CathedralThe Cathedral of Uppsala , located centrally in the city of Uppsala, Sweden, dates back to the late 13th century and at a height of 118.7 m is the largest church building in Scandinavia. Originally built under Roman Catholicism and used for coronations of the Swedish monarch, since the Protestant...
.
- 1277–1281 Jakob Israelsson
Was from the same family as his predecessor. Little else is known about him.
- 1281–1284 Johan Odulfsson
Not ordained. Little is known about him.
Little is known abut him.
Had served as
priorPrior is an ecclesiastical title, derived from the Latin adjective for 'earlier, first', with several notable uses.-Monastic superiors:A Prior is a monastic superior, usually lower in rank than an Abbot. In the Rule of St...
at the
SigtunaSigtuna is a locality situated in Sigtuna Municipality, Stockholm County, Sweden with 7,204 inhabitants in 2005. It is the namesake of the municipality even though the seat is in Märsta....
monastery and Bishop of
ÅboAbo may refer to:* Ābo, the anglicized Japanese name for the Pokémon Ekans* ABO , a human chromosome 9 gene*ABO, language spoken by the Nkon people in Cameroon* ABO blood group system, a human blood type / blood group system...
. Died in
AvignonAvignon is a commune in the Vaucluse department in south-eastern France with an estimated mid-2004 population of 89,300 in the city itself and a population of 290,466 in the metropolitan area at the 1999 census.The city is well known for its Palais des Papes , where several popes...
while travelling to Rome to receive the
palliumThe Pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See...
.
14th century
- 1292–1305 Nils Allesson
Nils Allesson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1292-1305.It is believed that he studied at the University of Paris in 1278. After returning to Sweden, he became deacon in Uppsala in 1286 and was elected Archbishop in 1292...
(Nicolaus Allonius).
He studied at the
University of ParisThe historic University of Paris was founded in the mid 12th century, likely between 1160 and 1170 , In 1970 it was reorganized as 13 autonomous universities...
in 1278. After returning to Sweden, he became deacon in Uppsala in 1286 and was elected Archbishop in 1292. As Nils Allesson was the son of a priest, the cathedral chapter in Lund, Denmark - the primate over Uppsala - appealed the election to the pope. Nils travelled to Rome in 1295 to meet the Pope Boniface VIII and defend his case, which was eventually accepted.
Nils was known as a vigorous archbishop. He founded and supervised institutions for safety and order around the archdiocese, such as accommodations for travellers.
- 1308–1314 Nils Kettilsson
Little is known about him.
- 1315–1332 Olov Björnsson (Olov the Wise; Olavus sapiens).
Under his time the chapter in Uppsala stopped accepting Archbishop of
LundLund is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 76,188 inhabitants in 2005, out of a municipal total of 105,000. It is the seat of Lund Municipality, Skåne County. The city is believed to have been founded around 990, when the Scanian lands belonged to Denmark...
as primate, and Olov was to be the last Uppsala archbishop to be ordained there.
- 1332–1341 Petrus Filipsson
Petrus Filipsson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden 1332-1341. Some call him Peder Filipsson Röde.He came from Uppland and was a son of the important high noble family of Rumby, being son of Sir Filip Finvidson of Rumby, called Filip Röde, and his wife, herself the daughter of Lord Karl Tjelveson...
(Petrus Philippi).
He came from a smaller town in Uppland, the son of the knight Filip Finnvedson, one of the most important men in
UpplandUppland is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital. It borders Södermanland, Västmanland and Gästrikland. It is also bounded by lake Mälaren and the Baltic sea...
(the land of Uppsala). Petrus held various clerical offices until he was elected archbishop. Following the election he travelled to
AvignonAvignon is a commune in the Vaucluse department in south-eastern France with an estimated mid-2004 population of 89,300 in the city itself and a population of 290,466 in the metropolitan area at the 1999 census.The city is well known for its Palais des Papes , where several popes...
, the residence of
Pope John XXIIPope John XXII , born Jacques Duèze , was pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy , elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by Philip V of France...
, to be ordained as bishop.
He had a strained relationship with the Franciscan order. At the request of
Pope Benedict XIIPope Benedict XII , born Jacques Fournier, was Pope from 1334 to 1342.-Life:Little is known of the origins of Jacques Fournier. He is believed to have been born in Saverdun in the Comté de Foix around the 1280s to a family of modest means. He became a Cistercian monk and left to study at the...
, Paul, Archbishop of Nidaros (now Trondheim) in Norway, was to make a judgement on the matter, and this led to a settlement between the two parties in 1339.
In 1341 Petrus died and was buried in Sigtuna's
Dominican orderThe Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic in the early 13th century in France...
church which today is called Mariakyrkan.
- 1341–1351 Hemming Nilsson.
At the death of Petrus, Pope Benedict XII wished to occupy the archbishop's seat through commission, but following Hemming's election by the cathedral chapter, Hemming travelled to Avignon and persuaded Benedict to ordain him bishop.
During his time, he helped in the political world, made a visitation through
NorwayNorway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a country in Northern Europe occupying the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, as well as Jan Mayen and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard under the Spitsbergen Treaty...
and established Uppsala ecclesiastical records. His last will shows that he was also quite wealthy.
http://runeberg.org/nfbk/0219.html
- 1351–1366 Petrus Torkilsson
Petrus Torkilsson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1351-1366.It is unknown when he was born, but the first mentioning of him is from 1320, when he was vicar in Färentuna. He was chancellor of the King Magnus Eriksson in 1340 and continued to support him during the civil wars in the 1360s.-...
(Petrus Tyrgilli; died 19 October 1366).
The first mention of him is from 1320, when he was vicar in Färentuna. He was chancellor of the King Magnus II of Sweden in 1340 and continued to support him during through the 1360s when Sweden was in a civil war.
In 1342 he was appointed Bishop of Linköping, where he assisted the building of the
Linköping CathedralThe Linköping Cathedral is a church in the Swedish city of Linköping. The cathedral is the seat for the bishop in the Church of Sweden Diocese of Linköping.-History:...
. He was assessor during King Magnus monetary transactions, among them the repayment of a loan Magnus hade made from the Church. After the new King
Albert of SwedenAlbert of Sweden Albert of Sweden (Albrecht von Mecklenburg in German, Albrekt av Mecklenburg in Swedish) Albert of Sweden (Albrecht von Mecklenburg in German, Albrekt av Mecklenburg in Swedish) (c. 1338 – 1 April 1412, was King of Sweden from 1364. In 1384 he inherited the ducal title of...
took power, Petrus supported him as well.
- 1366–1383 Birger Gregersson
Birger Gregersson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, from 1366 to his death 1383.It is known that he was vicar of Österhaninge and then priest in Uppsala. He was a supporter of King Albrekt, who appointed him chancellor....
.
Was known as a vigorous archbishop. He was also a supporter of the Swedish, highly revered, Saint Birgitta (1303–1373), and wrote a biography of her. He also wrote in honour of her and of
Saint BotvidSaint Botvid was a Catholic missionary in the Swedish County of Södermanland in the 11th Century.According to legend, he was killed with an axe while fishing. Saint Botvid is shown on the seal and coat of arms of Botkyrka Municipality, where he carries an axe and a fish...
, another Swedish saint. As a writer, he has a prominent place in
early Swedish literatureEarly Swedish literature designates Swedish literature written between approximately 1200–1500 AD.As Swedish evolved from Old Norse in the 13th century, the Swedish literature began to take form as an independent body of literature. The earliest form of an independent Swedish language is...
.
- 1383–1408 Henrik Karlsson (Henricus Caroli).
Was also friends with Saint Birgitta, in
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
and took part in the important political decisions during his years as archbishop, such as the
Kalmar UnionThe Kalmar Union is a historiographical term meaning a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway , and Sweden under a single monarch, though intermittently and with a population less than 3,000,000.The countries had not...
in 1397.
Had a good economical skill, was a wealthy man, and acquired many farms for the Church. At his death, he left them to the cathedral chapter, but
Queen Margaret-Two Queens of Denmark:*Margaret I of Denmark, in the early 15th century*Margrethe II of Denmark , the present queen-Two Queens of Scotland:*Saint Margaret of Scotland, Queen Consort of Malcolm III...
is said to have taken them in possession instead, which marked the beginning of disputes between the chapter and the states in the union (which lasted until 1520).
15th century
- 1408–1421 Jöns Gerekesson
Jöns Gerekesson , died 1433, was a controversial Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden 1408-1421, and of Iceland 1426-1433 until he was drowned. It is not known when Jöns Gerekesson was born, but it is believed to have been around 1380.Gerekesson came from the Danish family Lodehat...
(Johannes Gerechini)
Jöns originated the influential Danish family Lodehat. His uncle was bishop of Roskilde and a former chancellor of the Queen. Jöns himself became, thanks to his family's Royal connection, chancellor to the King of
ScandinaviaScandinavia is a geographical region in northern Europe that includes, and is named after, the Scanian Province. It consists of the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark...
,
Eric of PomeraniaEric of Pomerania was King Eric III of Norway Norwegian Eirik, King Eric VII of Denmark , and King of Sweden known there mainly as Erik av Pommern...
.
At the death of the Archbishop Henrik, King Eric appointed Jöns, who had no connection to Uppsala, as new archbishop without regards to the candidates of the chapter.
During his time, Jöns paid little respect to the duties of archbishop. He embessled Church property and mistreated Church officials. Eventually, the chapter complained to the Pope, who conducted an investigation and dimissed Jöns Gereksson in 1421.
- 1421–1432 Johan Håkansson
Johan Håkansson , died 1432, was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1421-1432.His first known occupations were at a school in Söderköping and as a canon in Linköping. In 1411 he enrolled at Vadstena monastery...
(Johannes Haquini)
Was originally a monk at
VadstenaVadstena is a locality and the seat of Vadstena Municipality, Östergötland County, Sweden with 5,612 inhabitants in 2005. From 1974 to 1979 Vadstena was administered as part of Motala Municipality....
monastery. As archbishop, he freed clericals of taxation, and built a permanent house for the archbishop.
- 1432–1438 Olov Larsson
Olaus Laurentii was a Swedish ecclesiastic and archbishop of Uppsala.Olaus Laurentii came from Uppland and studied at the universities of Prague, Leipzig and Paris. He was elected Dean of Uppsala Cathedral in 1417 and archbishop in 1432...
(Olaus Laurentii)
- 1433–1434 Arnold of Bergen (unofficial) (Arend in Norwegian; died 1434) was bishop of Bergen, Norway, and was never ordained as archbishop.
When Olaus Laurentii was elected by the Chapter to become Archbishop of Uppsala and Sweden, the Swedish King
Eric of PomeraniaEric of Pomerania was King Eric III of Norway Norwegian Eirik, King Eric VII of Denmark , and King of Sweden known there mainly as Erik av Pommern...
was displeased because he was not consulted and therefor decided that Arnold of Bergen should become archbishop in 1433 while Olaus Laurentii was in Rome to be ordained. Arnold moved into the archbishopseat in Uppsala despite protests from the chapter.
The quarrels were resolved when Arnold died in 1434; then the king decided to accept Olaus Laurentii who had just returned from Rome.
http://runeberg.org/nfal/0090.html
- 1438–1448 Nils Ragvaldsson (Nicolaus Ragvaldi)
- 1448–1467 Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna)
- 1468–1469 Tord Pedersson (Bonde)
Tord Pedersson was the un-ordained Archbishop of Uppsala from 1468 to 1469. He was born as Tord Pedersson, but since his mother was of the Bonde family, he would often use this name in addition to his own....
(not ordained)
- 1469–1515 Jakob Ulvsson
Jakob Ulvsson was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1469–1515 and the founder of Uppsala University.Jakob Ulvsson came from a noble family background in Uppland and studied at the universities in Rostock and Paris .He spent the years 1465–1470 in Rome and was meanwhile appointed Canon of...
- 1515–1517 and 1520–1521 Gustav Trolle
Gustav Eriksson Trolle was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, in two sessions, during the turbulent Reformation events.After returning from studies abroad, in Cologne and Rome, he was in 1513 elected vicar in Linköping. One year later he became Archbishop of Uppsala...
Gustav Eriksson Trolle (1488-1533) was a controversial person. He was in disputed with the royalties, since he was a supporter of the Danish King
Christian IIChristian II was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden , during the Kalmar Union...
. In 1515 he was removed from office, but besieged himself in archbishop mansion/fortress at
AlmarestäketAlmarestäket, or Stäket, is a strait at the inlet of Lake Mälaren in mid-east Sweden. A fortress existed there between about 1370 and 1517, also named Almarestäket....
, until an assembly of chancellors ordered its destruction in 1517. In 1520, Danish king Christian conquered Swedish territory, and Gustav was reinstated. However, King Christian's reign in Sweden lasted but one year, and in 1521 Gustav was forced to flee to Denmark to seek refuge.
When the Pope months later received message of the disposal of Trolle, he ordered the sitting Swedish King Gustav Vasa to reinstate Trolle, not realizing the severity of the matter. Not being allowed to have his selected archbishop consecrated, King Gustav Vasa in effect broke off the Catholic tradition, making Sweden a Lutheran nation starting 1531.
Archbishops during the Reformation
- 1523–1544 Johannes Magnus
Johannes Magnus was born March 19, 1488 in Linköping, Sweden and died March 22, 1544 in Rome...
Magnus was the last Catholic archbishop. He was selected to be archbishop in 1523, but the Pope deemed the disposal of Gustav Trolle unlawful, and demanded he should be reinstated. Gustav Vasa then broke with the Church, and ordained Johannes Magnus in his own ceremony. But before soon, Magnus expressed his disapproval of the Lutheran teachings, and Gustav Vasa sent him to Russia as a diplomat in 1526.
Gustav Vasa appointed a new archbishop, Laurentius Petri, in 1531, and Johannes realized that his time as archbishop was due. He travelled to Rome where he settled for the remainder of his life.
- 1544–1557 Olaus Magnus
Olaus Magnus was a Swedish ecclesiastic and writer, who did pioneering work for the interest of Nordic people. He was reported as born in October 1490 in Östergötland, and died on August 1, 1557. Magnus, Latin for the Swedish Stor “great”, is a Latin family name taken personally, and not a...
Brother of the previous, with whom he was in exile in Rome. After the death of his brother, Olaus was consecrated by the Pope in 1544, but he never returned home. He was the last Swedish archbishop to get papal consecration.
Staying in Rome, Olaus wrote several highly regarded works about Scandinavia that still interest readers today. He also let publish works by his brother Johannes.
16th century
- 1531–1573 Laurentius Petri (Nericius)
Laurentius Petri Nericius was a Swedish clergyman and the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden. He and his brother Olaus Petri are, together with the King Gustav Vasa, regarded as the main Protestant reformers of Sweden...
He and his brothers
Olaus PetriOlof Persson , better known under the Latin form of his name, Olaus Petri , was a clergyman, writer, and a major contibutor to the Protestant Reformation in Sweden. His brother, Laurentius Petri, became the first Evangelical Lutheran Archbishop of Sweden...
were the main Protestant reformers in Sweden; while his brother was more energetic, Laurentius's laid the theoretical foundation for the
Swedish Church Ordinance 1571The Swedish Church Ordinance of 1571 was the first complete Swedish church order following the Swedish Reformation in the 1520s.The main originator of the ordinance was archbishop Laurentius Petri. Petri had been archbishop since 1531, and had published many doctrinal texts. He had in vain tried to...
.
- 1575–1579 Laurentius Petri Gothus
Laurentius Petri Gothus was the second Swedish Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1575-1579.He was born in 1529 or 1530 in the province Östergötland, from where the name Gothus is derived as the means of separating him from his predecessor as archbishop, Laurentius Petri Nericius.He was a...
Before becoming archbishop, Gothus appears to have been inclined towards King Johan III of Sweden's more Catholic stands. He was for this reason ordained by the King in a Catholic ritual with all its apparatus, and wrote the introduction to the King's "red book". As the
JesuiticThe Society of Jesus is a Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits.Jesuits are the largest male religious order in the Catholic Church, with 18,815 members—13,305 priests, 2,295 scholastic students, 1,758 brothers and 827 novices—as of January 2008, although the...
tendencies grew stronger in Sweden in the 1570s, he became more wary; he refused to support the views of the King any longer, and published
Contra novas papistarum machinationes which, although gives proper respect to the Church fathers, polemizes against the foundation of Catholicism and the Jesuits.
- 1583–1591 Andreas Laurentii Björnram
Andreas Laurentii Björnram also known as Bothniensis Bereus which he called himself in honor of his mother's family, was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1583 to his death...
He was vicar in
GävleGävle ['jɛ:vlə] is a city, the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County in Sweden. It has 68,700 inhabitants in 2005. It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland , as it received its charter in 1446 by Christopher of Bavaria.-History:It is believed that the name Gävle...
1570 and is reported as one of the first priests to have used the King's "red book" in his sermons, which sparked the King's interest, and he subsequently appointed him archbishop after a four year vacancy.
Björnram upset Church official by declaring that the liturgy of the King was in accordance with the
Apostles' CreedThe Apostles' Creed , sometimes titled Symbol of the Apostles, is an early statement of Christian belief, a creed or "symbol"...
and that he supported it. Surprisingly, he was nonetheless advocating the reading of Luther's works.
- 1593–1599 Abraham Angermannus
Abraham Andersson, usually known under the Latin form of his name, Abrahamus Andreæ Angermannus or just Abraham Angermannus was the fourth Lutheran Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1593 to 1599...
Angermannus first made himself known as a critic of the liturgy of King Johns, and the king had him put him in jail in
ÅboAbo may refer to:* Ābo, the anglicized Japanese name for the Pokémon Ekans* ABO , a human chromosome 9 gene*ABO, language spoken by the Nkon people in Cameroon* ABO blood group system, a human blood type / blood group system...
, Finland. But he managed to escape back to Stockholm, under the protection of influential friends. However, eventually he had to flee to Germany, where he lived for 11 years. He visited the renowned universities there and wrote several book of Lutheran contents, directed to Swedish readers.
In 1593 the cathedral chapter in Uppsala elected him archbishop, and he moved back to Sweden and took the seat. He was a harsh critic of Catholicism and the remains which were still in practice around Sweden. In 1599 the King had had enough of him, and prosecuted him. Angermannus was put in prison in Gripsholm, where he was forced to remain until his death in 1607.
- 1599–1600 Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis
Nicolaus Olai Bothniensis was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden 1599-1600. He was appointed in place of Abraham Angermannus who had been put in prison, but before getting inducted he died of a sickness, about 50 years old....
(not ordained)
Like his predecessor Angermannus, Bothniensis was imprisoned for 1,5 years due to his resistance of John III's non-Lutheran liturgy.
He in 1593 became the first professor of
theologyThe term "theology" literally means the study of God, deriving from the Greek word theos, meaning 'God', and the suffix -ology from the Greek word logos meaning "discourse", "theory", or "reasoning"...
at the
Uppsala UniversityUppsala University is a research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded as early as 1477, it is the oldest such institution in the Nordic countries, and for centuries has been one of Europe's most renowned seats of learning....
. Died before being consecrated.
17th century
- 1601–1609 Olaus Martini
Olof Mårtensson also known in the Latin form Olaus Martini, was Archbishop of Uppsala from 1601 to his death.Born in Uppsala, Sweden, he first enrolled in the University of Uppsala, but when it was temporarily closed in 1578 he travelled abroad...
(Olof Mårtensson)
Born 1557 in Uppsala. Educated first in Uppsala, then abroad. Was against the liturgy of King
John III of SwedenJohn III was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death. He was the son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife Margaret Leijonhufvud. He was also quite autonomously the ruler of Finland from 1556 to 1563...
. Was made archbishop thanks to the support by Duke Charles (
Charles IX of SwedenCharles IX , was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, brother of Eric XIV and John III of Sweden, and uncle of Sigismund III Vasa king of both Sweden and Poland...
), although they later clashed due to their fundamentally different beliefs.
- 1609–1636 Petrus Kenicius
Petrus Kenicius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1609 to his death.He got his education from the Universities of Wittenberg and Rostock....
Born 1555. Was against the King's liturgy, and imprisoned for a short duration of 1589. Participated in the Uppsala Synod 1593. Was archbishop for a long time, into his old age.
- 1637–1646 Laurentius Paulinus Gothus
Laurentius Paulinus Gothus was a Swedish theologian, astronomer and Archbishop of Uppsala .-Life:In 1588 Gothus travelled to Germany and studied in the Rostock University for three years...
Born 1565. Was knowledgeable in several subjects, and was professor of astronomy and logistics at Uppsala University. Wrote several works on astronomy, astrology and theology.
- 1647–1669 Johannes Canuti Lenaeus
Johannes Canuti Lenaeus was professor at Uppsala University and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1657 to his death....
Professor of Logic, Hebrew and Greek. Wrote an influential book about the philosophy of
AristotleAristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology.Together with Plato and Socrates , Aristotle is one of...
that revived interest in
AristotelianismAristotelianism is a tradition of philosophy that takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle. Aristotelianism is understood by its proponents as critically developing Plato’s theories. Most particularly, Aristotelianism brings Plato’s ideals down to Earth as goals and goods internal...
and was used as a textbook for several years.
- 1670–1676 Lars Stigzelius
Lars Stigzelius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1670 to his death.He was the son of a priest and was a student at the Uppsala University until his Master of Arts in 1625....
Professor of Logic at Uppsala where he supported the Aristotelian philosophy against the adherents of
RamismRamism was a collection of theories on rhetoric, logic and pedagogy based on the teachings of Petrus Ramus, a French academic, philosopher and Huguenot convert who died in 1572.According to Jonathan Israel, Ramism-Development:...
. Was considered a highly learned man and involved in various political and clerical tasks. As an archbishop he did not make any great contribution due to his advanced age.
- 1677–1681 Johan Baazius the younger
Johan Baazius the younger was born in Jönköping July 171626 as the a son of a knowledgeable theologian and bishop of Växjö. He was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1677 to his death on May 12, 1681....
- 1681–1700 Olov Svebilius
Olov Svebilius was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1681-1700. He was born in Ljungby, close to Kalmar in Sweden, January 1 1624 and died the 29 June 1700....
, (Olaus Svebilius)
Commissioned the new
BibleThe Bible contains the central religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. Modern Judaism generally recognizes a single set of canonical books known as the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, as it is written almost entirely in the Hebrew language, with some small portions in Aramaic...
translation and revising the Swedish book of hymns. Published many works, most notably
A simple explanation of Martin Luther's little catechism.
18th century
- 1700–1709 Erik Benzelius the elder
Erik Benzelius was a Swedish theologian and Archbishop of Uppsala.Benzelius was born at the Bentseby farm in the parish of Luleå in northern Sweden, son of the farmer and lay assessor Henrik Jakobsson...
Benzelius took an important part in the various ecclesiastical committees active during the reigns of
Charles XICharles XI was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death, in an unruly period in Swedish history known as the Swedish empire ....
and
Charles XIICharles XII was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718....
, such as that concerning the new Church Law of 1686, the new hymn book of 1695 and the new Bible translation.
He was a typical representative of 17th century Swedish
Lutheran orthodoxyLutheran orthodoxy was an era in the history of Lutheranism, which began in 1580 from the writing of the Book of Concord and ended at the Age of Enlightenment...
, careful not to deviate from established theological principles, and lacked originality in his writing. Nevertheless, he was a productive author of works in theology, and his work on church history was used as a textbook for the following century.
http://runeberg.org/nfbb/0736.html
- 1711–1714 Haquin Spegel
Haquin Spegel , born as Håkan Spegel in Ronneby in south-east Sweden, was a religious author and hymn writer who held several bishop's seats.- Life :...
(born Håkan Spegel; 14 June 1645 – 17 April 1714)
He was an important religious author and hymn writer. He held several bishop's seats before becoming archbishop.
- 1714–1730 Mathias Steuchius
Mathias Steuchius was Bishop of the Diocese of Lund, 1694 to 1714 and Archbishop of Uppsala in the Swedish Church from 1714 to his death....
- 1730–1742 Johannes Steuchius
Johannes Steuchius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1730 to his death. His family name was ennobled in 1719 to Steuch.He was the son of the previous archbishop Mathias Steuchius....
, (Johannes Steuch)
- 1742–1743 Erik Benzelius the younger
Erik Benzelius the younger , was a priest, theologian, librarian, and Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1742-1743. He was a highly learned man and one of Sweden's important Enlightenment figures....
- 1744–1747 Jakob Benzelius
Jakob Benzelius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1744 to his death.Jakob Benzelius studied at Uppsala University, graduated as filosofie magister in 1703 and, after a few years teaching in Uppsala, spent several years traveling and visiting foreign universities...
- 1747–1758 Henric Benzelius
- 1758–1764 Samuel Troilius
Samuel Troilius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1758 to his death.He was born in Stora Skedvi parish in the province of Dalarna, somewhat north of mid Sweden. His father was a vicar....
- 1764–1775 Magnus Beronius
Magnus Olai Beronius was Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden from 1764 to his death.He studied in Uppsala for nine years to a master's degree in 1716. In 1724 he was elected lecturer in Gävle...
- 1775–1786 Carl Fredrik Mennander
- 1786–1803 Uno von Troil
Uno von Troil was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1786-1803. He was the son of Samuel Troilius, who had also been archbishop ....
19th century
- 1805–1819 Jakob Axelsson Lindblom
- 1819–1836 Carl von Rosenstein (Carl Rosén von Rosenstein)
(
UppsalaUppsala is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden with 144,839 inhabitants....
13 May 1736 – 2 December 1836) was a member of the
Swedish AcademyThe Swedish Academy , founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. Modelled after the Académie française, it has 18 members. The motto of the Academy is "Talent and Taste"...
. He belonged to the influential noble families von Rosén and Rosenstein.
He was knowledgeable in the classic languages, had an unusual knowledge in agriculture and was a member of all the
Swedish Royal AcademiesThe Royal Academies are independent organisations, founded on Royal command, that act to promote the arts, culture, and science in Sweden. The Swedish Academy and Academy of Sciences are also responsible for the selection of Nobel Prize laureates in Literature, Physics, Chemistry, and the Prize in...
at the time, except for the
Academy of ArtsThe Royal Swedish Academy of Arts or Kungl. Akademien för de fria konsterna, founded in 1773 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden...
. The academies he joined were: the Academy of Science and Literature (joined in 1807),
Academy of ScienceThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademin is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. The Academy is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization which acts to promote the sciences, primarily the natural sciences and mathematics.The Academy was founded on 2 June...
(1808), the Academy of Literature History (1810), the
Academy of Agriculture and ForestryThe Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry , formerly the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture , founded in 1813 at the initiative of Crown Prince Charles, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden...
(1818), the
Swedish AcademyThe Swedish Academy , founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden. Modelled after the Académie française, it has 18 members. The motto of the Academy is "Talent and Taste"...
(1819), the Scientific society in Uppsala (1820) and the
Academy of MusicThe Royal Swedish Academy of Music or Kungl. Musikaliska Akademien, founded in 1771 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies in Sweden...
(1822). He was regarded as a generous and social person, friendly, handsome and cheerful.
- 1837–1839 Johan Olof Wallin
Johan Olof Wallin, , was a Swedish minister, orator, poet and later Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden. He is most remembered today for his hymns.- Early life :...
(1779–1839), minister, orator, poet. He was a prolific writer, today best remembered for the hymns he wrote.
- 1839–1851 Carl Fredrik af Wingård
Carl Fredrik af Wingård was a Swedish politician and Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1839–1851.His noble title was added already in 1799, as he was the son of a bishop....
- 1852–1855 Hans Olov Holmström (15 October 1784 – 27 August 1855)
After acquiring his
Master of ArtsA Master of Arts is a postgraduate academic master degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in English, Fine Arts, History, Nursing, Humanities, Geography, Philosophy, Social Sciences or Theology and can be either fully-taught, research-based, or a...
in philosophy and theology and becoming assistant professor in Latin at Uppsala University, he moved to
SträngnäsSträngnäs is a locality and the seat of Strängnäs Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 12,296 inhabitants in 2005. It is located by Lake Mälaren and is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Strängnäs, a former Roman Catholic and present Lutheran Diocese, with the Strängnäs Cathedral, built...
where he was eventually appointed bishop in 1839. He was also an influential politician in the Swedish Riksdag from 1828 to his death.
He was known as a soft and gently person, and very firm to his beliefs.
- 1856–1870 Henrik Reuterdahl
Henrik Reuterdahl was archbishop of Sweden from 1856 to his death.Stemming from Malmö, he was orphaned at an early age and had to rely on others for his education and support...
(1795–1870)
Stemming from
MalmöMalmö is the third most populous city in Sweden, situated in its southernmost province of Scania.Malmö is the seat of Malmö Municipality and the capital of Skåne County. The administrative entity for most of the city is Malmö Municipality which has 290 007 inhabitants in eight different...
, he was early orphanaged and had to rely on others for his education and support. Despite this he managed to get a higher education at the
Lund UniversityLund University is a university located in Lund in southernmost Sweden, and one of Scandinavia's largest institutions for education and research, frequently ranked among the world's top 100 universities...
in theology,
philologyPhilology considers both form and meaning in linguistic expression, combining linguistics and literary studies.Classical philology is the philology of the Greek, Latin and Sanskrit languages...
and Church history, influenced by local academic dignities such as
Erik Gustaf GeijerErik Gustaf Geijer , was a Swedish writer, composer, and historian. He was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1824 and a professor of history from 1817 at Uppsala University where a statue commemorates him. In 1835, he became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences...
and the German Schleiermacher whose works were popular in Lund at the time.
He later published a thorough history of the Church in Sweden, and was a member of the Swedish Academy from 1852.
- 1870–1900 Anton Niklas Sundberg
Anton Niklas Sundberg was archbishop of Uppsala 1870–1900.He acquired a philosophy doctor's degree in Uppsala, became dean and was ordained a clergyman, and then undertook travel through Europe in 1849-50...
(27 May 1818 – 2 February 1900)
He acquired a philosophie doctor's degree in Uppsala, became dean and was ordained priest, and then undertook a travel through Europe in 1849-50.
He was known as a controversial person; very outspoken, no stranger to using strong language, despising hypocrisy, but he displayed a notable sense of wit and authority.
20th century
- 1900–1913 Johan August Ekman
Johan August Ekman was Archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden, 1900-1913.He was a student at the University of Uppsala, and was ordained priest in that city 1873. Thereafter he worked as a vicar and held other church offices in Uppsala...
- 1914–1931 Nathan Söderblom
Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom was a Swedish clergyman, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden, and recipient of the 1930 Nobel Peace Prize. He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church on July 12.Söderblom was born on a farm called Trönö, today Söderhamn Municipality,...
- 1931–1950 Erling Eidem
Erling Eidem was a Swedish theologian who served as archbishop of Uppsala 1931–1950....
- 1950–1958 Yngve Brilioth
Yngve Brilioth was Lutheran Bishop of Växjö from 1938 to 1950 and Archbishop of Uppsala from 1950 until 1958. He was the author of a history of the Oxford Movement, written to coincide with its centenary in 1933. He married the daughter of a predecessor, Nathan Söderblom.-Selected bibliography:*...
(12 July 1891 in Västra Ed, Kalmar CountyKalmar County is a county or län in southern Sweden. It borders the counties of Kronoberg, Jönköping, Blekinge and Östergötland. To the east in the Baltic Sea is the island Gotland....
– died 27 April 1959 in UppsalaUppsala is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth largest city of Sweden with 144,839 inhabitants....
)
Was Ph.D. in Uppsala and subsequently a dean professor of philosophy and bishop of
VäxjöVäxjö is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden with 55,600 inhabitants in 2005. It is the administrative, cultural and industrial centre of Kronoberg County. Furthermore it is the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö. It has a population of about 56,000, out of a...
.
He wrote many international historical and theological books. For his contribution to the history of the Anglican Church, in 1942 he was awarded the Lambeth Cross, the highest award in the Anglican Church.
He used his deep historical knowledge when he as archbishop took measures concerning the organisation, liturgy and methods of preaching; he furthermore had an international interest and was chairman of the
Faith and OrderThe World Council of Churches is an international Christian ecumenical organization. Based in Geneva, Switzerland , it is a fellowship of about 340 churches of which 157 are members...
commission.
- 1958–1967 Gunnar Hultgren
(Born 19 February 1902 in Eskilstuna; died 13 February 1991 in Uppsala.)
(Born 25 August 1907 in
SvenljungaSvenljunga is a locality and the seat of Svenljunga Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 3,379 inhabitants in 2005.- References :...
, Älvsborgs län; died 19 March 1972 in Uppsala.)
- 1972–1983 Olof Sundby (1917–1996)
He wed the present King Carl XVI Gustaf and
Queen SilviaQueen Silvia of Sweden is the spouse of King Carl XVI Gustaf, Sweden's monarch, and the mother of the heir apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria...
on 19 June 1976 in Storkyrkan in Stockholm.
- 1983–1993 Bertil Werkström (1928-)
- 1993–1997 Gunnar Weman (1932-)
- 1997–2006 Karl Gustav Hammar (1943-)
- 2006–present Anders Wejryd
Anders Harald Wejryd is a Swedish Lutheran clergyman. Having been Bishop of Växjö since 1995, he was elected Archbishop of Uppsala and primate of the Church of Sweden in March 2006 and took office in September of the same year...
(1948-)
See also
- History of Sweden
Modern Sweden emerged out of the Kalmar Union formed in 1397 and by the unification of the country by King Gustav Vasa in the 16th century. In the 17th century Sweden expanded its territories to form the Swedish empire. Most of these conquered territories had to be given up during the 18th century...
- List of Archbishops of Uppsala