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The Araucaria moist forests are a subtropical moist forest
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests , also known as tropical moist forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome.Tropical and subtropical forest regions with lower rainfall are home to tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests....
 ecoregion of southern Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
 and northeastern Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
.

Araucaria moist forests cover an area of 216,100 square kilometers (83,400 square miles), encompassing a region of mountains and plateaus in the Brazilian states of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)

is a States of Brazil in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. It is named after Paul of Tarsus. S?o Paulo has the largest population, the biggest industrial park and the biggest economic production of the country....
, Paraná
Paraná (state)

Paran? is one of the States of Brazil of Brazil, located in the Southern Region, Brazil of the country, bordering Paraguay and Argentina. Cut by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paran? has what is left of the araucarias forest, one of the most important subtropical forests of the world....
, Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina (state)

is a States of Brazil in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country. Its capital is Florian?polis, which mostly lies on the Santa Catarina Island....
, and Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul

is the southernmost States of Brazil of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development Index . In Rio Grande do Sul is the most southern city of the country, Chu?, on Uruguayan border....
, and extending into Misiones Province
Misiones Province

Misiones is one of the Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia, Argentina region....
 of Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
.

The ecoregion lies above 500m, rising to 1600 meters elevation on the high slopes of the Serra da Mantiqueira.

The ecoregion is bounded by the Paraná-Paraíba interior forests
Paraná-Paraíba interior forests

The Paran?-Para?ba interior forests, also known as the Alto Paran? Atlantic forests, is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests terrestrial ecoregion of southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay....
 to the north, west, and south, the Cerrado
Cerrado

The cerrado is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil. The cerrado is characterised by an enormous range of plant and animal biodiversity....
 savannas and shrublands to the northeast, The Serra do Mar coastal forests
Serra do Mar coastal forests

Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forestsRealm: NeotropicalWWF ID: NT0160Size: 104,800 square kilometers...
 to the east, and the Uruguayan savanna
Uruguayan savanna

The Uruguayan savanna, also known as the Brazilian-Uruguayan savanna, is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands terrestrial ecoregion which includes all of Uruguay and southernmost Brazil....
 to the southwest.

Araucaria moist forests have a subtropical climate, with frequent frosts during the winter months.






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The Araucaria moist forests are a subtropical moist forest
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests

Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests , also known as tropical moist forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome.Tropical and subtropical forest regions with lower rainfall are home to tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and tropical and subtropical coniferous forests....
 ecoregion of southern Brazil
Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
 and northeastern Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
.

Setting

The Araucaria moist forests cover an area of 216,100 square kilometers (83,400 square miles), encompassing a region of mountains and plateaus in the Brazilian states of São Paulo
São Paulo (state)

is a States of Brazil in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy. It is named after Paul of Tarsus. S?o Paulo has the largest population, the biggest industrial park and the biggest economic production of the country....
, Paraná
Paraná (state)

Paran? is one of the States of Brazil of Brazil, located in the Southern Region, Brazil of the country, bordering Paraguay and Argentina. Cut by the Tropic of Capricorn, Paran? has what is left of the araucarias forest, one of the most important subtropical forests of the world....
, Santa Catarina
Santa Catarina (state)

is a States of Brazil in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country. Its capital is Florian?polis, which mostly lies on the Santa Catarina Island....
, and Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul

is the southernmost States of Brazil of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development Index . In Rio Grande do Sul is the most southern city of the country, Chu?, on Uruguayan border....
, and extending into Misiones Province
Misiones Province

Misiones is one of the Provinces of Argentina of Argentina, located in the northeastern corner of the country in the Mesopotamia, Argentina region....
 of Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
.

The ecoregion lies above 500m, rising to 1600 meters elevation on the high slopes of the Serra da Mantiqueira.

The ecoregion is bounded by the Paraná-Paraíba interior forests
Paraná-Paraíba interior forests

The Paran?-Para?ba interior forests, also known as the Alto Paran? Atlantic forests, is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests terrestrial ecoregion of southern Brazil, northeastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay....
 to the north, west, and south, the Cerrado
Cerrado

The cerrado is a vast tropical savanna ecoregion of Brazil. The cerrado is characterised by an enormous range of plant and animal biodiversity....
 savannas and shrublands to the northeast, The Serra do Mar coastal forests
Serra do Mar coastal forests

Biome: Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forestsRealm: NeotropicalWWF ID: NT0160Size: 104,800 square kilometers...
 to the east, and the Uruguayan savanna
Uruguayan savanna

The Uruguayan savanna, also known as the Brazilian-Uruguayan savanna, is a tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands terrestrial ecoregion which includes all of Uruguay and southernmost Brazil....
 to the southwest.

Climate

The Araucaria moist forests have a subtropical climate, with frequent frosts during the winter months. Annual precipitation is high, ranging from 1300-3000 mm, without a dry season.

Flora

The ecoregion mostly consists of evergreen subtropical moist forests, with a canopy made up of Ocotea pretiosa and O. catharinense (Lauraceae
Lauraceae

The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 2000 species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and Brazil....
), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae

The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtus, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here....
), and Parapiptadenia rigida
Parapiptadenia rigida

Parapiptadenia rigida is a perennial shrub or tree. It is not a threatened species. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay....
 (Leguminosae). Brazilian Araucaria (Araucaria angustifolia) forms an emergent
Emergent

Emergent usually refers to emergence, or its belief system emergentism.It may also mean:* Emergent , Neural Simulation Software* Emergent , a 2003 album by Gordian Knot...
 layer, growing up to 45 meters in height. The forests are significant from an evolutionary perspective, as a relict of mixed coniferous and broad-leafed forests that were once much more widespread, and are home to many taxa characteristic of the Antarctic flora
Antarctic flora

The Antarctic flora is a distinct community of vascular plants which evolved millions of years ago on the supercontinent of Gondwana, and is now found on several separate areas of the Southern Hemisphere, including southern South America, southernmost Africa, New Zealand, Australia and Tasmania, and New Caledonia....
.

Fauna

The ecoregion is home to several threatened species endemic to the Atlantic forests, including the Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta guariba) and the Red-spectacled Parrot (Amazona pretrei). The Araucaria moist forests is recognized as an important endemic bird area.

Conservation and threats

The Araucaria moist forests are part of the Atlantic Forests, which are recognized as a biodiversity hotspot
Biodiversity hotspot

A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity that is threatened with destruction.The concept of biodiversity hotspots was originated by Dr....
 by Conservation International
Conservation International

Conservation International is a nonprofit organization headquartered in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, that seeks to protect Earth's biodiversity "hotspots," high-biodiversity wilderness areas as well as important marine regions around the globe....
, and as a Global 200
Global 200

The Global 200 is the list of ecoregions identified by the WWF as priorities for conservation. According to the WWF, an ecoregion is defined as a "relatively large unit of land or water containing a characteristic set of natural communities that share a large majority of their species, dynamics, and environmental conditions ."...
 ecoregion by the World Wildlife Fund.

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