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The Araucanization was the process of expansion of Mapuche
Mapuche

The Mapuche are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. They were known as Araucanians by the Spaniards....
 culture, influence and language
Mapudungun

Mapudungun is a language isolate spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It is also known as Mapudungu, Mapuche, and Araucanian ....
 from Araucanía
Araucania

Araucan?a or Araucana was the Spanish language name given to the region of Chile inhabited by the Mapuche peoples known as the Moluche in the 18th century....
 into the Patagonic
Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographic region containing the southernmost portion of South America. Located in Argentina and Chile, it comprises the Andes mountains to the west and south, and plateaux and low plains to the east....
 plains. Historians disagree in the time of the expansion but it would have occurred sometime between 1550 and 1850. Amerindian peoples such as the Puelche
Puelche

Puelche is the name that the Mapuche used to give the ethnic groups who inhabited the lands to the east of the Andes Mountains including the northern Tehuelches and Hets, these last ones were also known as the Pampas or Querand?es....
s and Tehuelches adopted the Mapudungun
Mapudungun

Mapudungun is a language isolate spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It is also known as Mapudungu, Mapuche, and Araucanian ....
 as their main language (their own name is in Mapudungun). Together with Quechua, Aymara
Aymara language

Aymara is an Aymaran languages language spoken by the Aymara ethnic group of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Indigenous languages of the Americas with over a million speakers....
, Guarani
Guaraní language

Guaran? is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tup?-Guaran? subfamily of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay , where it is spoken by 94% of the population....
 and Nahuatl
Nahuatl language

Nahuatl is a group of related languages and dialects of the Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.Collectively they are spoken by an estimated Nahua peoples, most of whom live in Central Mexico....
, Mapudungun is among the few Amerindian languages that extended their territories after the European arrival.

Mapuches that migrated to Patagonia lived often as nomads rising cattle or pillaging the Argentine contryside.






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The Araucanization was the process of expansion of Mapuche
Mapuche

The Mapuche are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. They were known as Araucanians by the Spaniards....
 culture, influence and language
Mapudungun

Mapudungun is a language isolate spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It is also known as Mapudungu, Mapuche, and Araucanian ....
 from Araucanía
Araucania

Araucan?a or Araucana was the Spanish language name given to the region of Chile inhabited by the Mapuche peoples known as the Moluche in the 18th century....
 into the Patagonic
Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographic region containing the southernmost portion of South America. Located in Argentina and Chile, it comprises the Andes mountains to the west and south, and plateaux and low plains to the east....
 plains. Historians disagree in the time of the expansion but it would have occurred sometime between 1550 and 1850. Amerindian peoples such as the Puelche
Puelche

Puelche is the name that the Mapuche used to give the ethnic groups who inhabited the lands to the east of the Andes Mountains including the northern Tehuelches and Hets, these last ones were also known as the Pampas or Querand?es....
s and Tehuelches adopted the Mapudungun
Mapudungun

Mapudungun is a language isolate spoken in central Chile and west central Argentina by the Mapuche people. It is also known as Mapudungu, Mapuche, and Araucanian ....
 as their main language (their own name is in Mapudungun). Together with Quechua, Aymara
Aymara language

Aymara is an Aymaran languages language spoken by the Aymara ethnic group of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Indigenous languages of the Americas with over a million speakers....
, Guarani
Guaraní language

Guaran? is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tup?-Guaran? subfamily of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay , where it is spoken by 94% of the population....
 and Nahuatl
Nahuatl language

Nahuatl is a group of related languages and dialects of the Nahuan branch of the Uto-Aztecan language family.Collectively they are spoken by an estimated Nahua peoples, most of whom live in Central Mexico....
, Mapudungun is among the few Amerindian languages that extended their territories after the European arrival.

Mapuches that migrated to Patagonia lived often as nomads rising cattle or pillaging the Argentine contryside. The cattle stolen in the incursions (malones) would later be taken to Chile through the mountain passes and traded for goods, especially alcoholic beverages. There is evidence that Chilean authorities knew about this, and gave their consent, expecting to strengthen their influence over Patagonian territories they expected to eventually occupy in the future. The lonco
Lonco

A lonco is a tribal chief of the Mapuches. These were often Ulmen, the wealthier men in the lof. In wartime loncos of the various local rehue or the larger aillarehue would gather in a koyag or parliament and would elect a toqui to lead the warriors in battle....
 Calfucurá
Calfucurá

Calfucur? also known as Juan Calfucur?, was a leading Mapuche lonco and military figure in Patagonia in the 19th century. He crossed the Andes from Chile to the Pampas around 1830 after a call from the governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas, to fight the Boreanos tribe....
 crossed the Andes
Andes

The Andes form the world's longest exposed mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. The range is over 7,000 km long, 200-700 km wide , and of an average height of about 4,000 m ....
 from Chile to the Pampas around 1830 after a call from the governor of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
, Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel de Rosas

File:Juan Manuel de Rosas.jpgJuan Manuel de Rosas , was a conservative Argentina politician who ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1852. Rosas was one of the first famous caudillos in Ibero-America and through his rule united Argentina, provided an efficient government and strengthened the economy....
, to fight the Boreanos tribe. In 1859 he attacked Bahia Blanca
Bahía Blanca

Bah?a Blanca is a city located in the south-west of the provinces of Argentina of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, by the Atlantic Ocean, head town of Bahia Blanca Partido....
 in Argentina
Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
 with 3,000 warriors. As in the case of Calfucura many other bands of Mapuches got involved the internal conflicts of Argentina until Conquest of the Desert
Conquest of the Desert

The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas#Argentina...
. The decision of planning and executing the Conquest of the Desert was probably triggered by the 1872 attack of Cufulcurá and his 6,000 followers on the cities of General Alvear
General Alvear, Mendoza

Gral. Alvear is the head city of the General Alvear Department, Mendoza in Mendoza Province, Argentina.Founded on August 12, 1914, it currently has a population of 26,342 , and its UN/LOCODE is ARGVA....
, Veinticinco de Mayo and Nueve de Julio
Nueve de Julio

Nueve de Julio means 9 July in Spanish. It may refer to:* The date of the Argentine Declaration of Independence* One of the following cities and towns in Argentina:...
, where 300 criollos
Creole peoples

The term Creole and its cognates in other languages ? such as crioulo, criollo, cr?ole, kriolu, criol, kreyol, kriulo, kriol, krio, kreol, etc....
 were killed, and 200,000 heads of cattle taken.

See also

  • Araucanía
    Araucania

    Araucan?a or Araucana was the Spanish language name given to the region of Chile inhabited by the Mapuche peoples known as the Moluche in the 18th century....
  • Conquest of the Desert
    Conquest of the Desert

    The Conquest of the Desert was a military campaign directed mainly by General Julio Argentino Roca in the 1870s, which established Argentine dominance over Patagonia, which was inhabited by Indigenous peoples of the Americas#Argentina...
  • Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia
    Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia

    The Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia was an ephemeral political entity established in the 19th century by a Second French Empire lawyer and adventurer named Or?lie-Antoine de Tounens in southern South America....
  • List of Mapudungun placenames
    List of Mapudungun placenames

    The following is a listing of placenames from the Mapudungun language, generally from Chile and southwestern Argentina.Note: this list includes only currently used placenames that have a Mapudungun etymology for at least part of their name ...
  • Occupation of the Araucanía
    Occupation of the Araucanía

    The Occupation of the Araucania was a series of military campaigns, Diplomacy and penetrations by the Chilean army and settlers which led to the incorporation of Araucan?a into Chilean national territory....
  • War of Arauco