Appanage

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Etymology

The original appanage: in France

History of the French appanage

• After Charles V of France
  Charles V of France
  
  Charles V , called the Wise, was List of French monarchs from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War, with his armies recovering much of the territory ceded to England at the Treaty of Br?tigny....
  , a clear distinction had to be made between titles given as names to children in France, and true appanages. At their birth the French princes received a title independent of an appanage. Thus, the Duke of Anjou, son of Louis XIV
  Louis XIV of France
  
  Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
  , never possessed Anjou and never received any revenue from this province. The king waited until the prince had reached adulthood and was about to marry before endowing him with an appanage. The goal of the appanage was to provide him with a sufficient income to maintain his noble rank. The fief given in appanage could be the same as the title given to the prince, but this was not necessarily the case. Only seven appanages were given from 1515 to 1789.

• Appanages were abolished in 1792 before the proclamation of the Republic
  First Republic
  
  Around the world there have been a number of First Republics:...
  . The youngest princes from then on were to receive a grant of money but no territory.
• Appanages were reestablished under the first French empire by Napoleon Bonaparte
  Napoleon I of France
  
  Napoleon Bonaparte later known as Emperor Napoleon I, was a military and political leader of France whose actions shaped European politics in the early 19th century....
   and confirmed by the Bourbon restoration-king Louis XVIII
  Louis XVIII of France
  
  Louis XVIII , Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of list of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs. The brother of Louis XVI of France, and uncle of Louis XVII of France, he ruled the kingdom from 1814 until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to his flight from Napoleon I of France during the Hundred Da...
  . The last of the appanges, the Orléanais, was reincorporated to the French crown when the Duke of Orleans, Louis-Philippe
  Louis-Philippe of France
  
  Louis-Philippe , was List of French monarchs from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. He was the last king to rule France, although Napoleon III of France, styled as an emperor, would serve as its last monarch....
  , became king of the French in 1830.

• The word apanage is still used in French figuratively, in a non-historic sense: “to have appanage over something” is used, often in an ironic and negative sense, to claim exclusive possession over something. For example, “cows have appanage over prion
  Prion
  
  A prion is an infectious disease that is comprised entirely of a reproduction, mis-folded protein. The mis-folded form of the prion protein has been implicated in a number of diseases in a variety of mammals, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans....
  s.”

List of major French appanages

• Louis VI
  Louis VI of France
  
  Louis VI , called the Fat , was List of French monarchs from 1108 until his death . Chronicles called him "roi de Saint-Denis". The first member of the House of Capet to make a lasting contribution to the centralizing institutions of royal power, Louis was born in Paris, the son of Philip I of France and his first wife, Bertha of Hollan...
  
• The County of Dreux for the king's third son Robert
  Robert I of Dreux
  
  Robert I of Dreux, nicknamed the Great , was the fifth son of Louis VI of France and Ad?laide de Maurienne. Through his mother he was related to the Carolingians and to the Marquess William V of Montferrat....
  .
• Philip II
  Philip II of France
  
  Philip II Augustus was the King of France from 1180 until his death. A member of the House of Capet, Philip Augustus was born at Gonesse in the Val-d'Oise, the son of Louis VII of France and his third wife, Ad?le of Champagne....
  
• The Counties of Domfront and Mortain for the king's younger son Philippe Hurupel.
• Louis VIII
  Louis VIII of France
  
  Louis VIII the Lion reigned as list of French monarchs from 1223 to 1226. He was a member of the House of Capet. Louis VIII was born in Paris, France, the son of Philip II of France and Isabelle of Hainaut....
  , by his 1225 will, granted
• The County of Artois to his second son Robert
  Robert I of Artois
  
  Robert I "the Good" was County of Artois. He was the fifth son of King Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.On June 14, 1237, Robert married Matilda of Brabant, daughter of Henry II, Duke of Brabant and Marie of Hohenstaufen....
  . Artois was lost by Robert's male heirs, passing through a female line, and eventually was inherited by the Dukes of Burgundy. Louis XI
  Louis XI of France
  
  Louis XI , called the Prudent and the Universal Spider or the Spider King, was the List of French monarchs from 1461 to 1483....
   seized it upon the death of Charles the Bold in 1477, but his son returned it to Charles's heirs in preparation for his invasion of Italy in 1493.
• The Counties of Anjou and Maine to his third son John. This title returned to the crown when John died without heirs in 1232.
• The Counties of Poitou
  Count of Poitiers
  
  Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers are:*Guerin of Poitiers *Hatton *Renaud of Poitiers *Bernard I of Poitiers ...
   and Auvergne to his fourth son Alphonse
  Alphonse of Toulouse
  
  Alfonso or Alphonse was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Counts of Toulouse from 1247.Alphonse was a son of Louis VIII of France, King of France and Blanche of Castile....
  . This title returned to the crown when Alphonse died without heirs in 1271.
• Louis IX
  Louis IX of France
  
  Louis IX , commonly Saint Louis, was List of French monarchs from 1226 to his death. He was also Counts of Artois from 1226 to 1237. Born at Poissy, near Paris, he was a member of the House of Capet and the son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile....
   endowed
• 1246 - The Counties of Anjou and Maine to his youngest brother, Charles
  Charles I of Sicily
  
  Charles I , commonly called Charles of Anjou, was the List of monarchs of Naples and Sicily by conquest from 1266, though he had received it as a Pope grant in 1262 and was expelled from the island in the aftermath of the Sicilian Vespers of 1282....
  . These titles passed to Charles's granddaughter, who married Charles, Count of Valois, the younger son of Philip III
  Philip III of France
  
  Philip III , called the Bold , was the List of French monarchs, succeeding his father, Louis IX of France, and reigning from 1270 to 1285....
  , and thence to their son, Philip
  Philip VI of France
  
  Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
  . When Philip inherited the throne as Philip VI, the titles merged into the crown.
• The County of Orleans to his eldest son, Philip
  Philip III of France
  
  Philip III , called the Bold , was the List of French monarchs, succeeding his father, Louis IX of France, and reigning from 1270 to 1285....
  . This title returned to the crown when Philip succeeded his father in 1270.
• ca. 1268 - The County of Valois to his second son, John Tristan. This title became extinct upon John Tristan's death in 1270.
• 1268 - The Counties of Alençon and Perche to his third son, Pierre. This title became extinct on Pierre's death in 1284.
• 1269 - The County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis to his fourth son, Robert
  Robert, Count of Clermont
  
  Robert of France was made Count of Clermont in 1268. He was son of King Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence. In 1272, Robert married Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of Bourbon and had the following issue:...
  . Robert's son, Louis
  Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
  
  Louis I of Bourbon, le Boiteux, the Lame was Count of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and Count of La Marche, and the first Duke of Bourbon....
  , was later given the Duchy of Bourbon
  Duke of Bourbon
  
  Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the Sire de Bourbon....
  , which was treated as an apanage, although it was not technically one. Louis later traded Clermont for La Marche with his cousin Charles, Count of Angoulême
  Charles IV of France
  
  Charles IV , was the List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: he was the last French king of the House of Capet....
  , younger brother of King Philip V. These titles remained in the Bourbon family until they were confiscated due to the treason of Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
  Charles III, Duke of Bourbon
  
  Charles III of Bourbon-Montpensier, Eighth Duke of Bourbon was Count of Montpensier and Rulers of Auvergne. His father, Gilbert, Count of Montpensier, died in 1496, and his elder brother Louis II, Count of Montpensier in 1501, at which time he inherited the family lands in Auvergne ....
   in 1527.
• Philip III
  Philip III of France
  
  Philip III , called the Bold , was the List of French monarchs, succeeding his father, Louis IX of France, and reigning from 1270 to 1285....
  
• The County of Valois to his second son Charles
  Charles of Valois
  
  Charles of Valois was the fourth son of Philip III of France and Isabella of Aragon. His mother was a daughter of James I of Aragon and Yolande of Hungary....
  . Charles was later given the Counties of Alençon, Perche, and Chartres by his brother, Philip IV of France
  Philip IV of France
  
  Philip IV , called the Fair , son and successor of Philip III of France, reigned as List of French monarchs from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was List of Navarrese royal consorts and Counts of Champagne from 1284 to 1305....
  . Valois passed to Charles's eldest son, Philip
  Philip VI of France
  
  Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
   upon his death in 1325, and returned to the crown when Philip became King Philip VI in 1328. Alençon and Perche passed to Charles's younger son, Charles. A descendant was raised to the dignity of Duke of Alençon. These titles returned to the crown upon the extinction of the Alençon line in 1525.
• The County of Beaumont-sur-Oise to his third son Louis
  Louis d'Évreux
  
  Louis of France, Count d'?vreux was the third son of King Philip III the Bold with his second wife Maria of Brabant, and half-brother of King Philip IV the Fair....
  . Louis was later given the County of Évreux by his brother Philip IV. These titles returned to the throne upon the death of Queen Blanche of Navarre in 1441.
• Philip IV
  Philip IV of France
  
  Philip IV , called the Fair , son and successor of Philip III of France, reigned as List of French monarchs from 1285 until his death. He was the husband of Joan I of Navarre, by virtue of which he was List of Navarrese royal consorts and Counts of Champagne from 1284 to 1305....
   endowed
• the County of Poitou for his second son, Philip
  Philip V of France
  
  Philip V , called the Tall , was List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1316 to his death, and the second to last of the House of Capet....
  . This title returned to the throne when Philip became king in 1316.
• the Counties of La Marche and Angoulême for his third son, Charles IV
  Charles IV of France
  
  Charles IV , was the List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: he was the last French king of the House of Capet....
  . Charles later traded La Marche for the County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis with the Duke of Bourbon
  Duke of Bourbon
  
  Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the Sire de Bourbon....
  . These titles returned to the throne when Charles became king in 1322.
• Philip VI
  Philip VI of France
  
  Philip VI , known as the Fortunate and of Valois, was the List of French monarchs from 1328 to his death. He was also Count of Counts and Dukes of Anjou, Counts and Dukes of Maine, and Count of Valois from 1325 to 1328....
   endowed the
• the Duchy of Normandy
  Duke of Normandy
  
  Duke of Normandy is a title held or claimed by various Normans, France, England and United Kingdom rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history....
   for his elder son John
  John II of France
  
  John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
  . This title returned to the throne when John succeeded his father in 1350.
• the Duchy of Orléans for his younger son Philip
  Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans
  
  Philip of Valois , Duke of Orl?ans, of Duke of Touraine and Count of Valois, the fifth son of Philip VI of France of Valois, King of France, and Joan the Lame....
  . This title returned to the throne when Philip died without issue in 1375.
• John II
  John II of France
  
  John II , called John the Good , was Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy from 1332, Count of Poitiers from 1344, Duke of Aquitaine from 1345, and King of France from 1350 until his death, as well as Duke of Burgundy from 1361 to 1363....
   the Good, on his departure to England in 1360, granted
• the Duchies of Anjou and of Maine to his second son Louis
  Louis I of Naples
  
  Louis I of Anjou was the second son of King John II of France and Bonne of Bohemia. He was the Count of Anjou , Duke of Anjou , Count of Maine , Duke of Touraine , and titular Kings of Naples and King of Jerusalem and Count of Provence and Forcalquier from 1382 to 1384....
  . This title returned to the throne upon the death of duke Charles IV
  Charles IV, Duke of Anjou
  
  Charles IV, Duke of Anjou, also Charles of Maine, Count of Le Maine and Guise was the son of the Angevin prince Charles of Le Maine, Count of Maine, who was the youngest son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon, Queen of Four Kingdoms....
  , Louis I's great-grandson, in 1481.
• the Duchies of Berry
  Duke of Berry
  
  The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
   and of Auvergne
  Rulers of Auvergne
  
  This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne....
   to his third son John
  John, Duke of Berry
  
  John of Valois, the Magnificent, was Duke of Berry and Rulers of Auvergne and Count of Poitiers and Montpensier. He was the third son of King John II of France and Bonne of Luxemburg; his brothers were Charles V of France, Louis I of Naples and Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy....
  . These titles returned to the throne upon John's death without male issue in 1416.
• In 1363, John II granted the Duchy of Burgundy
  Duke of Burgundy
  
  Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Sa?ne which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Bald's West Franks....
   to his fourth son Philip
  Philip II, Duke of Burgundy
  
  Philip the Bold , also Philip II, Duke of Burgundy , was the fourth son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg. By his marriage to Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, he also became Philip II, Count of Flanders, Philip IV, Count of Artois and Philip IV, Count Palatine of Burgundy....
  . Upon the death of Philip's great-grandson Charles the Bold in 1477, King Louis XI
  Louis XI of France
  
  Louis XI , called the Prudent and the Universal Spider or the Spider King, was the List of French monarchs from 1461 to 1483....
   claimed the reversion of Burgundy and seized the territory. It continued to be claimed, however, by Charles's daughter Marie
  Mary of Burgundy
  
  Mary, called Mary the Rich , was suo jure Duke of Burgundy from 1477 – 1482. As the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, she was the heiress to the vast Burgundian domains in France and the Low Countries upon her father's death in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477....
   and her heirs. When Marie's grandson Emperor Charles V
  Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
  
  Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I of Spain, of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication in 1556....
   defeated and captured Francis I
  Francis I of France
  
  Francis I , was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547.Francis I is considered to be France's first Renaissance monarch....
   at the Battle of Pavia
  Battle of Pavia
  
  The Battle of Pavia, fought on the morning of February 24, 1525, was the decisive engagement of the Italian War of 1521. A Spanish-Imperial army under the nominal command of Charles de Lannoy attacked the French army under the personal command of Francis I of France in the great hunting preserve of Mirabello outside the city walls....
   in 1525, he forced Francis to sign a treaty recognizing him as Duke of Burgundy, but Francis disavowed the treaty when he was released, and the cession was revoked by the Treaty of Cambrai four years later. Charles and his heirs reserved their claims, however, and this reservation was repeated as late as the Treaty of the Pyrenees
  Treaty of the Pyrenees
  
  The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. It was signed on Pheasant Island, a river island on the border between the two countries....
   in 1659, when Philip IV of Spain
  Philip IV of Spain
  
  Philip IV , was List of Spanish monarchs between 1621 and 1665, Sovereignty of the Spanish Netherlands, and List of Portuguese monarchs until 1640....
   continued to reserve his rights to the Duchy.
• Charles VI
  Charles VI of France
  
  Charles VI , called the Well-loved and the Mad , was the List of French monarchs from 1380 to 1399, as a member of the House of Valois....
   granted
• the Duchy of Orléans and the County of Angoulême to his brother Louis in 1392. This title returned to the crown when Louis's grandson became Louis XII of France
  Louis XII of France
  
  Louis XII , called "the Father of the People" was the thirty-fifth List of French monarchs of France and the sole monarch from the House of Valois Cadet branch of the House of Valois....
   in 1498.
• Louis XI
  Louis XI of France
  
  Louis XI , called the Prudent and the Universal Spider or the Spider King, was the List of French monarchs from 1461 to 1483....
   granted
• the Duchies of Normandy
  Duke of Normandy
  
  Duke of Normandy is a title held or claimed by various Normans, France, England and United Kingdom rulers from the 10th century until the present, in recognition of their history....
  , Berry
  Duke of Berry
  
  The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
  , and Guyenne to his younger brother Charles
  Charles, Duke of Berry
  
  There are several people named Charles, Duke of Berry, including:* Charles VII of France was previously Charles, Duke of Berry* Charles de Valois, Duc de Berry , son of Charles VII of France...
  . These titles returned to the crown when Charles died in 1472.
• Francis I
  Francis I of France
  
  Francis I , was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547.Francis I is considered to be France's first Renaissance monarch....
   granted
• the Duchies of Orléans, Angoulême, and Châtellerault
  Duke of Châtellerault
  
  The French noble title of Duc de Ch?tellerault has been created several times.The first was for Fran?ois de Bourbon-Montpensier, a younger son of Gilbert, Comte de Montpensier....
   and the Counties of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis and La Marche to his second surviving son, Charles in 1540. To this was added the Duchy of Bourbon
  Duke of Bourbon
  
  Duke of Bourbon is a title in the peerage of France. It was created in the first half of the 14th century for the eldest son of Robert, Count of Clermont and Beatrice of Burgundy, heiress of the Sire de Bourbon....
   in 1544. These titles returned to the crown when Charles died without issue in 1545.
• Charles IX
  Charles IX of France
  
  Charles IX born Charles-Maximilien, was King of France, ruling from 1560 until his death. He is best known as king at the time of the St....
   granted
• the Duchies of Anjou and Bourbonnais and the County of Forez to the older of his two brothers, Henry
  Henry III of France
  
  Henry III of France , born Alexandre-?douard de Valois-Angoul?me, was King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, first elected List of Polish rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and List of Lithuanian rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1574....
  , in 1566. He added the Duchy of Auvergne to these holdings in 1569. The titles returned to the crown when Henry succeeded his brother in 1574.
• the Duchies of Alençon and Château-Thierry and the Counties of Perche, Mantes, and Meulan to his youngest brother, Francis in 1566. To this he later added the Duchy of Évreux and the County of Dreux in 1569. Francis's other brother, Henry III
  Henry III of France
  
  Henry III of France , born Alexandre-?douard de Valois-Angoul?me, was King of France from 1574 to 1589, and as Henry of Valois, first elected List of Polish rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and List of Lithuanian rulers#Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1574....
  , increased his holdings still further in 1576, granting him the Duchies of Anjou, Touraine, and Berry
  Duke of Berry
  
  The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
   and the County of Maine. All these titles returned to the crown upon Francis's death without issue in 1584.
• Louis XIII
  Louis XIII of France
  
  Louis XIII reigned as List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs from 1610 to 1643....
   granted
• The Duchies of Orléans and Chartres
  Duke of Chartres
  
  Originally, the Duchy of Chartres was the comt? de Chartres, an Earldom. The title of comte de Chartres thus became duc de Chartres....
   and the County of Blois
  Count of Blois
  
  The County of Blois was originally centred on Blois, south of Paris, France. One of the chief cities, along with Blois itself, was Chartres. Blois was associated with Champagne, France, Ch?tillon , and later with the List of French monarchs, to whom the county passed in 1391....
   to his younger brother Gaston
  Gaston, Duke of Orléans
  
  Gaston Jean-Baptiste de France, Duke of Orl?ans, , was the third son of the king of France Henry IV of France and of his wife Marie de Medici....
   in 1626. To this was added the Duchy of Valois in 1630. These titles returned to the crown on Gaston's death without male issue in 1660.
• Louis XIV
  Louis XIV of France
  
  Louis XIV ruled as List of French monarchs and of King of Navarre. He ascended the throne a few months before his fifth birthday, but did not assume actual personal control of the government until the death of his prime minister , the Italians Jules Cardinal Mazarin, in 1661....
   granted
• The Duchies of Orléans, Chartres
  Duke of Chartres
  
  Originally, the Duchy of Chartres was the comt? de Chartres, an Earldom. The title of comte de Chartres thus became duc de Chartres....
  , and Valois to his brother, Philippe in 1661. To this was added the Duchy of Nemours
  Duke of Nemours
  
  In the 12th and 13th centuries the Lordship of Nemours, in the Gatinais, France, was in possession of the house of Villebeon, a member of which, Gautier III of Nemours, was marshal of France in the middle of the 13th century....
   in 1672. These titles passed to his descendants and were abolished during the Revolution in 1790. They were restored to the heir at the time of the Restoration
  Bourbon Restoration
  
  Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814, the Allies restored the House of Bourbon to the France throne. The ensuing period is called the Restoration, following French usage, and is characterized by a sharp conservative reaction and the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Church as a power in French politics....
   in 1814. The heir, Louis Philippe III, duc d'Orléans, usurped the throne in 1830 following the July Revolution, and the titles may at this point be considered to have merged in the crown.
• The Duchies of Alençon and Angoulême and the County of Ponthieu
  Count of Ponthieu
  
  The County of Ponthieu was a province of Normandy centered on the mouth of the Somme, and its counts played an important role in the early history of Normandy....
   to his third grandson, Charles, duc de Berry in 1710. These titles returned to the crown upon his death without surviving issue in 1714
• Louis XV
  Louis XV of France
  
  Louis XV ruled as List of French monarchs and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1 September 1715 until his death on 10 May 1774. Coming to the throne at the age of five, Louis reigned until 15 February 1723, the date of his thirteenth birthday, with the aid of the R?gence, Philippe II, Duke of Orl?ans, his Cousin, thereafter taking formal p...
   granted
• The Duchy of Anjou and the Counties of Maine, Perche, and Senonches to his second surviving grandson, Louis Stanislas, comte de Provence
  Louis XVIII of France
  
  Louis XVIII , Louis Stanislas Xavier de France, was a King of list of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs. The brother of Louis XVI of France, and uncle of Louis XVII of France, he ruled the kingdom from 1814 until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to his flight from Napoleon I of France during the Hundred Da...
   in 1771. Louis was further given the Duchy of Alençon by his brother Louis XVI
  Louis XVI of France
  
  Louis XVI or Louis-Auguste de France ruled as List of French monarchs of France and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1774 until 1791, and then as Popular monarchy from 1791 to 1792....
   in 1774. These titles were abolished during the Revolution in 1790. When the monarchy and apanages were restored in 1814, Louis had inherited the throne as Louis XVIII, and his titles merged into the crown.
• The Duchies of Auvergne, Angoulême and Mercoeur
  Duke of Mercoeur
  
  Mercoeur, Seigneurs and Dukes of. The estate of Mercoeur in Auvergne , France, gave its name to a line of powerful lords, which became extinct in the 14th century, and passed by inheritance to the Dauphin of Auvergnes of Auvergne, counts of Clermont....
   and the Vicomté of Limoges to his youngest grandson Charles, comte d'Artois
  Charles X of France
  
  Charles X ruled as List of French monarchs and List of Navarrese monarchs from 20 May 1824 until the July Revolution, when he Abdication. He was the last king of the senior House of Bourbon line to reign over France....
   in 1773. To this was added in 1774 by his brother, Louis XVI
  Louis XVI of France
  
  Louis XVI or Louis-Auguste de France ruled as List of French monarchs of France and of List of Navarrese monarchs from 1774 until 1791, and then as Popular monarchy from 1791 to 1792....
   the Marquisate of Pompadour and the Vicomté of Turenne. In 1776, Louis XVI deprived Charles of Limoges, Pompadour, and Turenne, and gave him in exchange the Duchies of Berry
  Duke of Berry
  
  The title of Duke of Berry in the France nobility was frequently created for junior members of the French royal family. The Berry region now consists of the d?partements of Cher, Indre and parts of Vienne....
   and Châteauroux, the Counties of Argenton and Ponthieu
  Count of Ponthieu
  
  The County of Ponthieu was a province of Normandy centered on the mouth of the Somme, and its counts played an important role in the early history of Normandy....
  , and the Lordship of Henrichemont. In 1778, the apanage was further reshaped, with Auvergne and Mercoeur removed and replaced with the County of Poitou, leaving Charles with a final apanage consisting of the Duchies of Angoulême, Berry, and Châteauroux, the Counties of Argenton, Ponthieu, and Poitou, and the Lordship of Henrichemont. These titles were during the Revolution in 1790, but were restored at the time of the Restoration in 1814. They merged into the crown when Charles became king in 1824.

Western feudal Appanages outside France

English and British appanages

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Equivalents outside Western Europe

• The principalities of European Russia
  European Russia
  
  European Russia refers to the western areas of Russia that lie within Europe, comprising roughly 3,960,000 km?, and spanning across 40% of Europe....
   had a similar practice; an apanage given to a younger male of the royal family was called an udel
  Udel
  
  Udel can be:*a Russian feudal term for an appanage given to a younger son of the tsar or other male member of the imperial family*an abbreviation for the University of Delaware...
  . The frequency and importance of the custom was particularly important between the mid 13th and the mid 15th centuries; some historians refer to this era as "the appanage period."
• In the Indian subcontinent
  Indian subcontinent
  
  The Indian subcontinent is a large section of the Asian continent consisting of the land lying substantially on the Indian Plate. The subcontinent includes parts of various countries in South Asia, including those on the continental crust , an Island#Continental islands country on the continental shelf , and an Island#Oceanic islands countr...
  , the jagir
  Jagir
  
  In Pakistan and India, a Jagir was a small territory granted by the ruler to an army chieftain in fairly short terms usually of three years but not extending beyond his lifetime, in recognition of his military service....
   (a type of fief) was often thus assigned to individual junior relatives of the ruling house of a princely state
  Princely state
  
  For other uses, see Principality, Princely state#Other princely statesA Princely State was a nominally sovereign entity of British rule in India that was not directly administered by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy....
  , but not as a customary right of birth, though in practice usually hereditarily held, and not only to them but also to commoners, normally as an essentially meritocratic grant of land and taxation rights (guaranteeing a 'fitting' income, in itself bringing social sway, in the primary way in a mainly agricultural society), or even as part of a deal.
• The Senior most female in the Travancore Royal Family
  Travancore Royal Family
  
  The Travancore Royal Family belongs to the Kulasekhara Dynasty of the Cheras and ruled over the Indian state of Travancore until 1949. The Royal family, alternatively known as the Kupaka Royal Family, Thripappur Swaroopam, Venad Swaroopam, Vanchi Swaroopam etc, has its seat today at Trivandrum in Kerala, India....
   held the estate of Attingal
  Attingal
  
  Attingal is a city and a municipality in the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state, India which is surrounded by mamom river and vaamanapuram river....
  , also known as the Sreepadam Estate in appanage for life. All the income derived from this 15,000 acre estate was the private property of the Senior Maharani, alternatively known as the Senior Rani of Attingal (Attingal Mootha Thampuran).

Sources and references

• , on François Velde's Heraldica site.
• Nouveau Larousse illustré, undated (early XXth century; in French)

See also

• cadet branch
  Cadet branch
  
  Cadet branch is a term in genealogy to describe the lineage of the descendants of the younger sons of a monarch or patriarch. In the ruling dynasty and nobility families of much of Europe and Asia, the family's major assets – titles, realms, fiefs, property and income – have historically been passed from a father to his firstborn...
  
• Crown lands of France
  Crown lands of France
  
  The crown lands, crown estate, royal domain or domaine royal of France refers to the lands, fiefs and rights directly possessed by the List of French monarchs....