Apolytirion
Encyclopedia
Apolytirio , (also rendered as Apolyterio(n)) is the main school-leaving certificate for secondary education
in Greece
and Cyprus
, obtained after successfully completing the third grade of Lyceum
In Greece, it is graded on a 20-point scale.
, ~ 1976)
The system and examinations accepted for entrance into highest (Greek
: ανὠτατη, 'anotati' ) and higher (Greek
: ανώτερη, 'anoteri' ) education in Greece went through major changes since 1980.
(Greek
: Γενικὀ Λύκειο, 'Geniko Lykeio' ).
In the first 2 grades, all students are taught the same subjects. In 3rd grade, students followed a core programme of
general education and each 'Desmi' (Α, Β, Γ, and Δ) followed a specialized program (Greek
: Δέσμη, Δέσμες / 'Desmi' (single), 'Desmes' (plural)).
An Apolytirio of 'Geniko Lykeio' included the GPA
(scale 1-20), student's conduct
information and consisted of:
From 1984 until 1998 only the total score of the Panhellenic Examinations (Greek
: Πανελλήνιες / Πανελλαδικές Εξετάσεις) was accepted for the highest/higher education, Universities and Polytechnics
(Highest Education) or the Technological Educational Institutes ('T.E.I.') (Higher Education; by law in 2001 were renamed 'A.T.E.I.' where 'A' stands for Highest (Greek
: Ανώτατα, 'Anotata' ).
The total Score was calculated from the individual scores, with one of the subjects having a higher weight percentage.
e.g. for A Desmi: Mathematics, B Desmi: Biology, etc.
The 4 'Desmes' (A,B,Γ and Δ) were :
Students had to preselect their choices in a numerical order of preference - using the bases of last year's Panhellenic Examinations' only as a guide - and submit them to their school on a given deadline, using a 4-pages machine-readable document (Greek
: μηχανογραφικό δελτίο, 'mechanografiko deltio' ).
The results of the National Examinations determined not only who will pass into highest/higher education but also next year's bases.
The total individual score for every subject was 0-160 which was the sum of the 2 examiners' scores based on the scale 0-80 each. A remarking by a 3rd examiner would determine the final score if there was a large difference between the first two scores.
Maximum total score = ((160 x 1.15)+ (160 x 0.95) + (160 x 0.95) + (160 x 0.95)) x 10 = 6400 units*
First, the scores for every student and later the bases for each course were published in every school across the country, directly from the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs. Bases were also being broadcasted on Greek TV during the day.
It was allowed to keep the individual subjects' scores (up to 3) and resit on exams to increase the total score, but only for 2 more examinations.
The 1st grade of Eniaio Lykeio operates as an orientation year with a general knowledge programme.
The 2nd grade includes three directions: Theoretical,Science and Technology.
In the 3rd grade we have again the directions but Technological direction operates in two courses: i) the Technology and
Production course and ii) the Information Science and Services course.
In Eniaio Lykeio, there is the Support Teaching Programme. This programme can be attended by those pupils who wish to do so, regardless of their performance.
Attendance in Eniaio Lykeio is obligatory for those students who wish to continue their education in a Greek University.
The access in 3rd degree Education (highest education) is permitted only with the system of 'Eniaio Lykeio'.
Right of entrance have only the holders of Apolytirio.
The written examinations in the subjects, either at school's level or national level, count equivalently towards the Apolytirio's GPA. On the contrary, for entrance in highest education ONLY the subjects examined nationally in written form are being considered. The Apolytirio is detached completely from highest education's entrance.
Direction Subjects (11 Hours)
(3rd grade).
Besides the Lyceum
Diploma
( 'Apolytirio' ) the achievement score on a certificate awarded ( 'Bebaiosi' ), takes into account final year school grade, (school level evaluation) and the grades on 6 subjects of the National Examinations.
Direction: 4 subjects
General Education: 2 subjects
(1: Modern Greek (compulsory) and 1: History/Mathematics and Statistics' elements/Biology/Physics)
Individuals holding this qualification can check the comparability of this award with UK NARIC - the National Agency, managed on behalf of the UK Government, provide the only official source of information on international qualifications to organizations recruiting from overseas and to individuals wishing to work or study in the UK if they are going to study or work in the UK.
Although the total score from Panhellenic Examinations determined the entrance in higher/highest education in Greece, the GPA of the Apolytirio, is the entry qualification most often requested in order to be accepted in higher education abroad.
The results of the Panhellenic Examinations are usually not requested or are referred by different names such as General Entrance Examinations.
Secondary education
Secondary education is the stage of education following primary education. Secondary education includes the final stage of compulsory education and in many countries it is entirely compulsory. The next stage of education is usually college or university...
in Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
and Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
, obtained after successfully completing the third grade of Lyceum
Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school.-History:...
In Greece, it is graded on a 20-point scale.
Changes over the years
Apolytirio, Απολυτήριο (dimotiki, 1976~present) - Apolytirion, Απολυτήριον (katharevousaKatharevousa
Katharevousa , is a form of the Greek language conceived in the early 19th century as a compromise between Ancient Greek and the Modern Greek of the time, with a vocabulary largely based on ancient forms, but a much-simplified grammar. Originally, it was widely used both for literary and official...
, ~ 1976)
The system and examinations accepted for entrance into highest (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: ανὠτατη, 'anotati' ) and higher (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: ανώτερη, 'anoteri' ) education in Greece went through major changes since 1980.
1984 - 1998
The most common/known Lyceum is the General LyceumLyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school.-History:...
(Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Γενικὀ Λύκειο, 'Geniko Lykeio' ).
In the first 2 grades, all students are taught the same subjects. In 3rd grade, students followed a core programme of
general education and each 'Desmi' (Α, Β, Γ, and Δ) followed a specialized program (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Δέσμη, Δέσμες / 'Desmi' (single), 'Desmes' (plural)).
An Apolytirio of 'Geniko Lykeio' included the GPA
Academic grading in Greece
There are four Grading systems in Greece – four different GPA – one for higher education, one for secondary education, and two for primary education .-Universities – Polytechnics – A.T.E.I.:...
(scale 1-20), student's conduct
Behavior
Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with its environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment...
information and consisted of:
| General Education | Desmi |
|---|---|
| Religion | Modern Greek & Grammar |
| History | Mathematics (A) |
| Democratic Regime | Physics (A,B) |
| Philosophy | Chemistry (A,B) |
| English Language | Human Biology (B) |
| Gymnastics/Physical Education | Ancient Greek & Grammar (Γ) |
| Greek Modern Literature | History (Γ) |
| Latin (Γ) | |
| Sociology (Δ)/Political Economy (Δ) |
From 1984 until 1998 only the total score of the Panhellenic Examinations (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Πανελλήνιες / Πανελλαδικές Εξετάσεις) was accepted for the highest/higher education, Universities and Polytechnics
Polytechnic (Greece)
The Polytechnic is the traditional name for institutions of higher education in Greece, dealing with engineering at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. There are currently two polytechnics that operate as independent universities and five polytechnic schools that belong to universities...
(Highest Education) or the Technological Educational Institutes ('T.E.I.') (Higher Education; by law in 2001 were renamed 'A.T.E.I.' where 'A' stands for Highest (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: Ανώτατα, 'Anotata' ).
The total Score was calculated from the individual scores, with one of the subjects having a higher weight percentage.
e.g. for A Desmi: Mathematics, B Desmi: Biology, etc.
The 4 'Desmes' (A,B,Γ and Δ) were :
| Desmi | (Main) Subject 1 (higher % weight) | Subject 2 | Subject 3 | Subject 4 | Undergraduate Courses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A 'Desmi' | Mathematics | Essay | Physics | Chemistry | -> Polytechnics, Physico-Mathematical, Agricultural-Forest |
| B 'Desmi' | Biology | Essay | Physics | Chemistry | -> Medical, Dental, Pharmaceutical, Biological |
| Γ 'Desmi' | Ancient Greek | Essay | Latin | History | -> Theological, Philosophical, Law Sciences |
| Δ 'Desmi' | Mathematics | Essay | History | Civil Economy (/Sociology) | -> Political Sciences, Public Administration, Economics, Sociology |
Students had to preselect their choices in a numerical order of preference - using the bases of last year's Panhellenic Examinations' only as a guide - and submit them to their school on a given deadline, using a 4-pages machine-readable document (Greek
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: μηχανογραφικό δελτίο, 'mechanografiko deltio' ).
The results of the National Examinations determined not only who will pass into highest/higher education but also next year's bases.
The total individual score for every subject was 0-160 which was the sum of the 2 examiners' scores based on the scale 0-80 each. A remarking by a 3rd examiner would determine the final score if there was a large difference between the first two scores.
| Panhellenic National Examinations | Coefficient | Score (scale) |
|---|---|---|
| Main Subject (higher % weight) | 1.15 | 0 - 160 |
| Other 3 Subjects | 0.95 | 0 - 160 |
Maximum total score = ((160 x 1.15)+ (160 x 0.95) + (160 x 0.95) + (160 x 0.95)) x 10 = 6400 units*
- (GreekGreek languageGreek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: μόρια, 'moria' (plural)), same numeric format with the bases.
First, the scores for every student and later the bases for each course were published in every school across the country, directly from the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs. Bases were also being broadcasted on Greek TV during the day.
It was allowed to keep the individual subjects' scores (up to 3) and resit on exams to increase the total score, but only for 2 more examinations.
1999 - 2004
There are three grades in Eniaio Lykeio and each grade is divided in classes.The 1st grade of Eniaio Lykeio operates as an orientation year with a general knowledge programme.
The 2nd grade includes three directions: Theoretical,Science and Technology.
In the 3rd grade we have again the directions but Technological direction operates in two courses: i) the Technology and
Production course and ii) the Information Science and Services course.
In Eniaio Lykeio, there is the Support Teaching Programme. This programme can be attended by those pupils who wish to do so, regardless of their performance.
Attendance in Eniaio Lykeio is obligatory for those students who wish to continue their education in a Greek University.
The access in 3rd degree Education (highest education) is permitted only with the system of 'Eniaio Lykeio'.
Right of entrance have only the holders of Apolytirio.
The written examinations in the subjects, either at school's level or national level, count equivalently towards the Apolytirio's GPA. On the contrary, for entrance in highest education ONLY the subjects examined nationally in written form are being considered. The Apolytirio is detached completely from highest education's entrance.
| General Education (17 Hours) |
|---|
| Religious Education (1) |
| Ancient Greek Language and Literature(1) |
| English (2) |
| Physical Education* (1) |
| Modern Greek Language(2) |
| Modern Greek Literature (2) |
| History (2) |
| Mathematics and Statistics(2) |
| Physics (1) |
| Biology (1) |
| Sociology (2) |
Direction Subjects (11 Hours)
| Theoretical Direction | Science Direction | Technology Direction A. Technology and Production Course | Technology Direction B. Information Science and Service Course |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ancient Greek (5) | Mathematics (5) | Mathematics (5) | Mathematics (5) |
| History (2) | Physics (3) | Physics (3) | Physics (3) |
| Latin (2.5) | Chemistry (2) | Chemistry-Biochemistry (2) | Development of Applications in Computer Environment (2) |
| Greek Literature (2.5) | Biology (2) | Electric Technology (2) | Principles of Organisation, Business Administration and Services (2) |
| Elective Subjects (2 Hours) |
|---|
| 2nd Foreign Language |
| Principles of Economic Theory |
| Statistics |
| Logic: Theory and Practice |
| Computer Applications |
| History of Art |
| History of Science and Technology |
| Philosophy Issues |
| Modern Hellenic Literature |
2005 - 2013
Panhellenic National Level Examinations in 6-7 subjects of the General LyceumLyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school.-History:...
(3rd grade).
Besides the Lyceum
Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school.-History:...
Diploma
Diploma
A diploma is a certificate or deed issued by an educational institution, such as a university, that testifies that the recipient has successfully completed a particular course of study or confers an academic degree. In countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia, the word diploma refers to...
( 'Apolytirio' ) the achievement score on a certificate awarded ( 'Bebaiosi' ), takes into account final year school grade, (school level evaluation) and the grades on 6 subjects of the National Examinations.
Direction: 4 subjects
General Education: 2 subjects
(1: Modern Greek (compulsory) and 1: History/Mathematics and Statistics' elements/Biology/Physics)
Acceptance abroad
Apolytirio may be accepted in UK & other universities.Individuals holding this qualification can check the comparability of this award with UK NARIC - the National Agency, managed on behalf of the UK Government, provide the only official source of information on international qualifications to organizations recruiting from overseas and to individuals wishing to work or study in the UK if they are going to study or work in the UK.
Although the total score from Panhellenic Examinations determined the entrance in higher/highest education in Greece, the GPA of the Apolytirio, is the entry qualification most often requested in order to be accepted in higher education abroad.
The results of the Panhellenic Examinations are usually not requested or are referred by different names such as General Entrance Examinations.
See also
- Education in GreeceEducation in GreeceThe Greek educational system is mainly divided into three levels, namely primary, secondary and tertiary, with an additional post-secondary level providing vocational training. Primary education is divided into kindergarten lasting one or two years, and primary school spanning six years...
- Institutions of Highest Education in Greece
- Polytechnics in GreecePolytechnic (Greece)The Polytechnic is the traditional name for institutions of higher education in Greece, dealing with engineering at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. There are currently two polytechnics that operate as independent universities and five polytechnic schools that belong to universities...
- Academic grading in GreeceAcademic grading in GreeceThere are four Grading systems in Greece – four different GPA – one for higher education, one for secondary education, and two for primary education .-Universities – Polytechnics – A.T.E.I.:...
- I.E.K. - Vocational Training in GreeceIEKI.E.K. or IEK is a public or private Institute of Vocational Training in Greece.-Public and private I.E.K.:Public and private I.E.K...
- Education in Cyprus