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The Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius is a 7th-century apocalypse
Apocalypse

Apocalypse is a term applied to the disclosure to certain privileged persons of something hidden from the majority of humankind. Today the term is often used to refer to the Doomsday event, which may be a shortening of the phrase apokalupsis eschaton which literally means "revelation at the end of the ?on, or age"....
 that shaped the eschatological
Eschatology

Eschatology is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with what is believed to be the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of All humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world....
 imagination of Christendom
Christendom

Christendom usually refers to Christianity as a territorial phenomenon. It can also refer to the part of the world in which Christianity prevails....
 throughout the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
. The work was written in Syriac
Syriac language

Syriac is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent. Classical Syriac became a major literary language throughout the Middle East from the 4th to the 8th centuries, the classical language of Edessa, Mesopotamia, preserved in a large body of Syriac literature....
 in the late 7th century, in reaction to the Islamic conquest of the Near East
Near East

Near East today is an ambiguous term that covers different countries for archeologists and historians, on one hand, and for political scientists, economists, and journalists, on the other....
, and is falsely attributed
Pseudepigraphy

Pseudepigrapha are falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed authorship is unfounded; a work, simply, "whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past." For instance, no Hebrew scholars would ascribe the Book of Enoch to Enoch , a character mentioned in Generations of Adam....
 to the 4th-century Church Father Methodius of Olympus
Methodius of Olympus

The Church Fathers and Saint Methodius of Olympus was a Christian bishop, ecclesiastical author, and martyr....
. It depicts many familiar Christian eschatological
Christian eschatology

In Christian theology, Christian eschatology is the study of its religious beliefs concerning all future and final events , as well as the ultimate purpose of the world , of humankind, and the Christian Church....
 themes: the rise and rule of Antichrist
Antichrist

The Antichrist is one who fulfills Biblical prophecies concerning an adversary of New Testament view on Jesus' life while resembling him in a deceptive manner....
, the invasions of Gog and Magog
Gog and Magog

The tradition of Gog and Magog begins in the Bible with the reference to Magog , son of Japheth, in the Book of Genesis and continues in cryptic prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel which are echoed in the Book of Revelation and in the Qur'an....
, and the tribulation
Tribulation

The Tribulation is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at and other passages.In the Futurism view of Christian eschatology, the Tribulation is a relatively short period of time where people who follow God will experience worldwide persecution and be purified and strengthened by it....
s that precede the end of the world.

A new element, probably adopted from the Tiburtine Sibyl
Tiburtine Sibyl

The Tiburtine Sibyl was a Ancient Rome sibyl, whose seat was the ancient Etruscan civilization town of Tibur .The mythic meeting of Caesar Augustus with the Sibyl, of whom he inquired whether he should be worshiped as a god, was a favored wiktionary:motif of Christian artists....
, was a Messiah
Messiah

Messiah literally means "anointed ".In Jewish messiah tradition and Jewish eschatology, messiah refers to a future monarch of United Monarchy from the Davidic line, who will rule the people of Israelite#The Twelve Tribes, and herald the Messianic Age of global peace....
-like Last Roman Emperor
Last Roman Emperor

The legend of the Last Roman Emperor or Last World Emperor developed in medieval Europe, as an aspect of Christian eschatology. It predicted that in the last times, a last emperor would appear on earth....
, who would be a central figure in apocalyptic literature
Apocalyptic literature

Apocalyptic literature was a new genre of prophecy writing that developed in post-Exilic Judaism culture and was popular among millennialism early Christianity....
 until the end of the medieval period.






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The Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius is a 7th-century apocalypse
Apocalypse

Apocalypse is a term applied to the disclosure to certain privileged persons of something hidden from the majority of humankind. Today the term is often used to refer to the Doomsday event, which may be a shortening of the phrase apokalupsis eschaton which literally means "revelation at the end of the ?on, or age"....
 that shaped the eschatological
Eschatology

Eschatology is a part of theology and philosophy concerned with what is believed to be the final events in the history of the world, or the ultimate destiny of All humanity, commonly referred to as the end of the world....
 imagination of Christendom
Christendom

Christendom usually refers to Christianity as a territorial phenomenon. It can also refer to the part of the world in which Christianity prevails....
 throughout the Middle Ages
Middle Ages

File:Karl 1 mit papst gelasius gregor1 sacramentar v karl d kahlen.jpgThe Middle Ages of European history are a period in history which lasted for roughly a millennium, commonly dated from the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century, marked by the division of Western Christi...
. The work was written in Syriac
Syriac language

Syriac is a dialect of Middle Aramaic that was once spoken across much of the Fertile Crescent. Classical Syriac became a major literary language throughout the Middle East from the 4th to the 8th centuries, the classical language of Edessa, Mesopotamia, preserved in a large body of Syriac literature....
 in the late 7th century, in reaction to the Islamic conquest of the Near East
Near East

Near East today is an ambiguous term that covers different countries for archeologists and historians, on one hand, and for political scientists, economists, and journalists, on the other....
, and is falsely attributed
Pseudepigraphy

Pseudepigrapha are falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed authorship is unfounded; a work, simply, "whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past." For instance, no Hebrew scholars would ascribe the Book of Enoch to Enoch , a character mentioned in Generations of Adam....
 to the 4th-century Church Father Methodius of Olympus
Methodius of Olympus

The Church Fathers and Saint Methodius of Olympus was a Christian bishop, ecclesiastical author, and martyr....
. It depicts many familiar Christian eschatological
Christian eschatology

In Christian theology, Christian eschatology is the study of its religious beliefs concerning all future and final events , as well as the ultimate purpose of the world , of humankind, and the Christian Church....
 themes: the rise and rule of Antichrist
Antichrist

The Antichrist is one who fulfills Biblical prophecies concerning an adversary of New Testament view on Jesus' life while resembling him in a deceptive manner....
, the invasions of Gog and Magog
Gog and Magog

The tradition of Gog and Magog begins in the Bible with the reference to Magog , son of Japheth, in the Book of Genesis and continues in cryptic prophecies in the Book of Ezekiel which are echoed in the Book of Revelation and in the Qur'an....
, and the tribulation
Tribulation

The Tribulation is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at and other passages.In the Futurism view of Christian eschatology, the Tribulation is a relatively short period of time where people who follow God will experience worldwide persecution and be purified and strengthened by it....
s that precede the end of the world.

A new element, probably adopted from the Tiburtine Sibyl
Tiburtine Sibyl

The Tiburtine Sibyl was a Ancient Rome sibyl, whose seat was the ancient Etruscan civilization town of Tibur .The mythic meeting of Caesar Augustus with the Sibyl, of whom he inquired whether he should be worshiped as a god, was a favored wiktionary:motif of Christian artists....
, was a Messiah
Messiah

Messiah literally means "anointed ".In Jewish messiah tradition and Jewish eschatology, messiah refers to a future monarch of United Monarchy from the Davidic line, who will rule the people of Israelite#The Twelve Tribes, and herald the Messianic Age of global peace....
-like Last Roman Emperor
Last Roman Emperor

The legend of the Last Roman Emperor or Last World Emperor developed in medieval Europe, as an aspect of Christian eschatology. It predicted that in the last times, a last emperor would appear on earth....
, who would be a central figure in apocalyptic literature
Apocalyptic literature

Apocalyptic literature was a new genre of prophecy writing that developed in post-Exilic Judaism culture and was popular among millennialism early Christianity....
 until the end of the medieval period. It was translated into Greek soon after its composition, and thence into Latin (by the eighth century), Slavonic, Russian, Armenian, and Arabic.

Its precise date is difficult to ascertain; dates proposed by recent historians fall within the range 644 - 691 AD (Palmer 1993:225).

See also

  • Tiburtine Sibyl
    Tiburtine Sibyl

    The Tiburtine Sibyl was a Ancient Rome sibyl, whose seat was the ancient Etruscan civilization town of Tibur .The mythic meeting of Caesar Augustus with the Sibyl, of whom he inquired whether he should be worshiped as a god, was a favored wiktionary:motif of Christian artists....