Anton Mahnič
Encyclopedia
Dr. Anton Mahnič, also spelled as Antun Mahnić in Croatian ortography (14 September 1850 – 30 December 1920), was a Slovene and Croatia
n Roman Catholic bishop, theologian and philosopher, founder and the main leader of the Croatian Catholic movement
.
He was born in Kobdilj
near Štanjel
in the Austrian
County of Gorizia and Gradisca (in today's Slovenia
). He finished theological studies in Vienna
and then he worked as a priest and a teacher in Gorizia
. During this period, he became actively involved in the Slovene political life, criticising the liberal and liberal Catholic current within the Slovene national movement.
In 1896, he became a bishop of Krk
(Croatia
).
Very soon in his bishopric he initiates many religious societies and activities, and starts with a Catholic publishing, from which the most important were magazine for Christian philosophy called Hrvatska straža. In the same time he initiates founding student catholic magazines and societies all over the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. He wrote many articles and works from theological, philosophical, esthetical and political area. Later Mahnić initiates Pius society, which fruit was week newspaper Jutro. Later all of these groups of Catholic intellectuals, gathered around these papers, joined together in one unique movement (for more see the article Croatian Catholic movement
) before the First World War. After the War, he was persecuted during the Italian occupation, so he went to Zagreb
, where he died.
Mahnić's main goal was defending and promoting Catholic faith and its moral principles in Croatian public and social life, which were endangered by liberalization
and secularization
. Also important issue for him was gathering and spiritual and intellectual education of the youth.
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n Roman Catholic bishop, theologian and philosopher, founder and the main leader of the Croatian Catholic movement
Croatian Catholic movement
Croatian Catholic movement is the name for the gathering of organized Catholic lay initiatives and associations, who acts in the first half of the 20th century in Croatia, as a response on increasing liberalism, with a new, aggressive approach, and on the phenomena of Church and religion lost the...
.
He was born in Kobdilj
Kobdilj
Kobdilj is a village south of Štanjel in the Komen Municipality in the Littoral region of Slovenia next to the border with Italy....
near Štanjel
Štanjel
Štanjel is a village in the Komen Municipality in the Littoral region of Slovenia. It is located on the Kras plateau overlooking the Vipava Valley. In the 17th century it was fortificated to defend it against Ottoman raids...
in the Austrian
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
County of Gorizia and Gradisca (in today's Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
). He finished theological studies in Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
and then he worked as a priest and a teacher in Gorizia
Gorizia
Gorizia is a town and comune in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia. It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps, bordering Slovenia. It is the capital of the Province of Gorizia, and it is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin...
. During this period, he became actively involved in the Slovene political life, criticising the liberal and liberal Catholic current within the Slovene national movement.
In 1896, he became a bishop of Krk
Krk (town)
Krk is the main settlement of the island of Krk, Croatia.-Characteristics:It is located on the southwest coast of the island and is the historical seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Krk.The city is ancient, being among the oldest in the Adriatic...
(Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
).
Very soon in his bishopric he initiates many religious societies and activities, and starts with a Catholic publishing, from which the most important were magazine for Christian philosophy called Hrvatska straža. In the same time he initiates founding student catholic magazines and societies all over the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. He wrote many articles and works from theological, philosophical, esthetical and political area. Later Mahnić initiates Pius society, which fruit was week newspaper Jutro. Later all of these groups of Catholic intellectuals, gathered around these papers, joined together in one unique movement (for more see the article Croatian Catholic movement
Croatian Catholic movement
Croatian Catholic movement is the name for the gathering of organized Catholic lay initiatives and associations, who acts in the first half of the 20th century in Croatia, as a response on increasing liberalism, with a new, aggressive approach, and on the phenomena of Church and religion lost the...
) before the First World War. After the War, he was persecuted during the Italian occupation, so he went to Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, where he died.
Mahnić's main goal was defending and promoting Catholic faith and its moral principles in Croatian public and social life, which were endangered by liberalization
Liberalization
In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation...
and secularization
Secularization
Secularization is the transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious values and secular institutions...
. Also important issue for him was gathering and spiritual and intellectual education of the youth.
See also
- Josip SrebrničJosip SrebrničJosip Srebrnič, also spelled Srebrnić was a Slovene Roman Catholic prelate who spent most of his career in Croatia....
- Janez Evangelist KrekJanez Evangelist KrekJanez Evangelist Krek was a Slovene Christian Socialist politician, priest, journalist and author.He was born in a peasant family in the village of Sveti Gregor , in what was then the Austrian Empire. His father died when he was a child...
- Ivan TavčarIvan TavcarIvan Tavčar was a Slovene and Yugoslav writer, lawyer, and politician.- Biography :Tavčar was born into a poor peasant family of Janez and Neža née Perko in the Carniolan village of Poljane near Škofja Loka in what was then the Austrian Empire and is now in Slovenia. It has never been entirely...
- Ljubomir MarakovićLjubomir MarakovićDr Ljubomir Maraković was a Croatian literary critic and historian, and one of the leaders of the Croatian Catholic movement....
- Ivan Protulipac
- Ivan MerzIvan MerzBlessed Ivan Merz was a Bosnian-Croatian lay academic, beatified by Pope John Paul II on a visit at Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina on June 23, 2003...
- Josip StadlerJosip StadlerJosip Stadler was a Croatian priest, the first modern archbishop of Vrhbosna and the founded of the religious order of the Servants of the Infant Jesus . He is a candidate for sainthood....
Sources
- BOZANIĆ, Antun: Biskup Mahnić. Pastir i javni djelatnik u Hrvata, ZagrebZagrebZagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
– Krk, 1991.
- KRIŠTO, Jure: Hrvatski katolički pokret (1903. – 1945.), Zagreb, 2004., ISBN 953-6258-64-1.
- KRIŠTO, Jure: Prešućena povijest. Katolička Crkva u Hrvatskoj politici 1850.-1918., Zagreb, 1994., ISBN 9531690464 9789531690461.
- SINJERI, Josip: "Biskup Antun Mahnić i Hrvatski katolički pokret", Riječki teološki časopis, RijekaRijekaRijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
, 15 (2007), 2 (30), 551 - 587.