Anton Janežic
Encyclopedia
Anton Janežič, also known in German
as Anton Janeschitz (19 December 1828 - 18 September 1869) was a Carinthian Slovene linguist
, philologist, author
, editor
, literary historian and critic.
He attended the grammar school in Klagenfurt
. In 1848, when Slovene was introduced in school, Janežič was employed as professor of Slovene at the Klagenfurt lyceum
. In 1851 he began to study linguistics and Slavic philology at the University of Vienna
under the supervision of Franc Miklošič
. In 1854 he returned to Klagenfurt, where he continued to teach Slovene, German and history
at the lyceum until 1866 when he resigned because of illness. He died three years later in Klagenfurt, where he was also buried. In the 1870s, he was reburied in his local parish of Št. Jakob.
, the author of the program of United Slovenia
. In 1851 he started compiling a German-Slovene dictionary, based on the work of Ožbalt Gutsman, Marko Pohlin
, Matija Ahacel
, Jernej Kopitar
and Urban Jarnik
, completing it in 1854 under the advice of Franc Miklošič
and Franc Serafin Metelko
. The same year, he also published a grammar
of Slovene language, which was used in Slovene language schools until the 1920s.
In 1850, Janežič launched the literary magazine Slovenska bčela (The Slovene Bee), which published the works of important contemporary Slovene authors, such as Josipina Turnograjska
, Miroslav Vilhar, Fran Levstik
, Janez Trdina
and Andrej Einspieler
. In 1858, the magazine merged with the journal Vaje edited by Simon Jenko
, Valentin Zarnik and Janez Mencinger, to form the magazine Slovenski glasnik
(The Slovene Herald), which attracted the collaboration of many important authors, including Fran Erjavec and Josip Jurčič
. Between 1861 and 1868 the journal also published the book collection Cvetje iz domačih in tujih logov (Flowers from Home and Abroad) which issued several important books of Slovene authors and translation of classical authors such as Sophocles
, Plato
, Virgil
, Andersen
, Lermontov and others. After retiring in 1866, he left the editor post to Josip Stritar
.
In 1851, Janežič founded the Hermagoras Society, the oldest Slovene publishing house, together with Andrej Einspieler
and Anton Martin Slomšek
. Additionally, he collaborated with Matija Ahacel
and Anton Martin Slomšek
in preserving the folk traditions of Slovenes in Carinthia and in Lower Styria
. He was also the first to give a complete translation of the Freising Manuscripts
, the oldest document in the Slovene language are the first Roman-script record of any Slavic language, into modern Slovene.
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as Anton Janeschitz (19 December 1828 - 18 September 1869) was a Carinthian Slovene linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
, philologist, author
Author
An author is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work.-Legal significance:...
, editor
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey information through the processes of correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications performed with an intention of producing a correct, consistent, accurate, and complete...
, literary historian and critic.
Life
Janežič was born in a peasant family in the village of Lessach near St. Jakob im Rosental in Carinthia.He attended the grammar school in Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt
-Name:Carinthia's eminent linguists Primus Lessiak and Eberhard Kranzmayer assumed that the city's name, which literally translates as "ford of lament" or "ford of complaints", had something to do with the superstitious thought that fateful fairies or demons tend to live around treacherous waters...
. In 1848, when Slovene was introduced in school, Janežič was employed as professor of Slovene at the Klagenfurt lyceum
Lyceum
The lyceum is a category of educational institution defined within the education system of many countries, mainly in Europe. The definition varies between countries; usually it is a type of secondary school.-History:...
. In 1851 he began to study linguistics and Slavic philology at the University of Vienna
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
under the supervision of Franc Miklošič
Franc Miklošic
Fran Miklošič , was a Slovene philologist.-Biography:Miklošič was born in the small village of Radomerščak near the Lower Styrian town of Ljutomer, then part of the Austrian Empire....
. In 1854 he returned to Klagenfurt, where he continued to teach Slovene, German and history
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
at the lyceum until 1866 when he resigned because of illness. He died three years later in Klagenfurt, where he was also buried. In the 1870s, he was reburied in his local parish of Št. Jakob.
Work
Janežič entered the public life after the Spring of Nations, when he became a close collaborator of the fellow Carinthian countryman Matija MajarMatija Majar
Matija Majar, also spelled Majer was a Carinthian Slovene Roman Catholic priest and political activist, most famous as the author of the idea of a United Slovenia...
, the author of the program of United Slovenia
United Slovenia
United Slovenia is the name of an unrealized political programme of the Slovene national movement, formulated during the Spring of Nations in 1848...
. In 1851 he started compiling a German-Slovene dictionary, based on the work of Ožbalt Gutsman, Marko Pohlin
Marko Pohlin
Marko Pohlin , was a Slovene philologist and author. He is generally considered the first exponent of the Age of Enlightenment in the Slovene lands....
, Matija Ahacel
Matija Ahacel
Matija Ahacel, also known in German as Matthias Achazel , born Matija Kobentar, was a Carinthian Slovene philologist, publicist, and collector of folk songs....
, Jernej Kopitar
Jernej Kopitar
Jernej Bartol Kopitar was a Slovene linguist and philologist working in Vienna. He also worked as the Imperial censor for Slovene literature in Vienna...
and Urban Jarnik
Urban Jarnik
Urban Jarnik was a Carinthian Slovene priest, historian, poet, author and ethnographer.He was born in the lower Gailtal in the Duchy of Carinthia. He served as a parish priest in several villages and towns throughout southern Carinthia, including Klagenfurt and Moosburg, which at the time still...
, completing it in 1854 under the advice of Franc Miklošič
Franc Miklošic
Fran Miklošič , was a Slovene philologist.-Biography:Miklošič was born in the small village of Radomerščak near the Lower Styrian town of Ljutomer, then part of the Austrian Empire....
and Franc Serafin Metelko
Franc Serafin Metelko
Franc Serafin Metelko, also known as Fran Metelko was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, author, and philologist, best known for his proposal of a new script for the Slovene called the Metelko alphabet, which was meant to replace the traditional Bohorič alphabet, used since the late sixteenth...
. The same year, he also published a grammar
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
of Slovene language, which was used in Slovene language schools until the 1920s.
In 1850, Janežič launched the literary magazine Slovenska bčela (The Slovene Bee), which published the works of important contemporary Slovene authors, such as Josipina Turnograjska
Josipina Turnograjska
Josipina Urbančič , who published under the pen name Josipina Turnograjska , was one of the first Slovene female writers, poets, and composers.-Biography:...
, Miroslav Vilhar, Fran Levstik
Fran Levstik
Fran Levstik was a Slovene writer, political activist, playwright and critic. he was one of the most prominent exponents of the Young Slovene political movement.-Life and work:...
, Janez Trdina
Janez Trdina
Janez Trdina was a Slovene writer and historian. The renowned author Ivan Cankar described him as the best Slovene stylist of his period. He was an ardent describer of the Gorjanci Hills and of the Lower Carniolan region in general...
and Andrej Einspieler
Andrej Einspieler
Andrej Einspieler was a Slovene politician, Roman Catholic priest and publicist, and one of the early leaders of the Old Slovene national movement in the 19th century. He was known as the "father of the Carinthian Slovenes"....
. In 1858, the magazine merged with the journal Vaje edited by Simon Jenko
Simon Jenko
Simon Jenko was a Slovene poet, lyricist and writer.Jenko was born in Podreča in the Sora Plain in Upper Carniola, then part of the Austrian Empire, now in Slovenia, as an illegitimate son of poor peasant parents...
, Valentin Zarnik and Janez Mencinger, to form the magazine Slovenski glasnik
Slovenski glasnik
Slovenski glasnik was a Slovene-language magazine published monthly from 1858 till 1869. It was edited by Anton Janežič and published in Klagenfurt, then in the Duchy of Carinthia...
(The Slovene Herald), which attracted the collaboration of many important authors, including Fran Erjavec and Josip Jurčič
Josip Jurcic
Josip Jurčič was a Slovene writer and journalist. He was born in Muljava, Austrian Empire and died in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary...
. Between 1861 and 1868 the journal also published the book collection Cvetje iz domačih in tujih logov (Flowers from Home and Abroad) which issued several important books of Slovene authors and translation of classical authors such as Sophocles
Sophocles
Sophocles is one of three ancient Greek tragedians whose plays have survived. His first plays were written later than those of Aeschylus, and earlier than or contemporary with those of Euripides...
, Plato
Plato
Plato , was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the...
, Virgil
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English , was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He is known for three major works of Latin literature, the Eclogues , the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid...
, Andersen
Andersen
Andersen is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning "son of Anders"...
, Lermontov and others. After retiring in 1866, he left the editor post to Josip Stritar
Josip Stritar
Josip Stritar was a Slovene writer, poet, playwright, publisher and translator.Stritar spent his early childhood in his home village in rural Lower Carniola and was sent to school in Ljubljana...
.
In 1851, Janežič founded the Hermagoras Society, the oldest Slovene publishing house, together with Andrej Einspieler
Andrej Einspieler
Andrej Einspieler was a Slovene politician, Roman Catholic priest and publicist, and one of the early leaders of the Old Slovene national movement in the 19th century. He was known as the "father of the Carinthian Slovenes"....
and Anton Martin Slomšek
Anton Martin Slomšek
Anton Martin Slomšek was a Slovene bishop, author, poet, and advocate of Slovene culture.Slomšek was born to a peasant family in the hamlet of Slom near the village of Ponikva in the Municipality of Šentjur, Lower Styria. He studied theology and philosophy before being ordained in 1824 at the...
. Additionally, he collaborated with Matija Ahacel
Matija Ahacel
Matija Ahacel, also known in German as Matthias Achazel , born Matija Kobentar, was a Carinthian Slovene philologist, publicist, and collector of folk songs....
and Anton Martin Slomšek
Anton Martin Slomšek
Anton Martin Slomšek was a Slovene bishop, author, poet, and advocate of Slovene culture.Slomšek was born to a peasant family in the hamlet of Slom near the village of Ponikva in the Municipality of Šentjur, Lower Styria. He studied theology and philosophy before being ordained in 1824 at the...
in preserving the folk traditions of Slovenes in Carinthia and in Lower Styria
Lower Styria
Lower Styria or Slovenian Styria is a traditional region in northeastern Slovenia, comprising the southern third of the former Duchy of Styria. The population of Lower Styria in its historical boundaries amounts to around 705,000 inhabitants, or 34.5% of the population of Slovenia...
. He was also the first to give a complete translation of the Freising Manuscripts
Freising manuscripts
The Freising Manuscripts are the first Latin-script continuous text in a Slavic language and the oldest document in Slovene.The monuments consisting of three texts in the oldest Slovene dialect were discovered bound into a Latin codex...
, the oldest document in the Slovene language are the first Roman-script record of any Slavic language, into modern Slovene.