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aircraft, showing Antoinette V8 engine
V8 engine

A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
]] Antoinette was a short-lived (1903-1912) French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 manufacturer of light gasoline
Gasoline

File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
 engine
Engine

An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input.An engine whose purpose is to produce kinetic energy output from a fuel is called a Wiktionary:prime mover; alternatively, a motor is a device which produces kinetic energy from a preprocessed "fuel" ....
s which were quite advanced for that period. Antoinette also became a builder of distinctively graceful, record-breaking monoplane
Monoplane

A monoplane is an aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. Since the late 1930s it has been the "ordinary" form for a fixed wing aircraft....
 aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
 flown by Hubert Latham
Hubert Latham

Hubert Latham was an early French aviation pioneer. He is credited with being the first individual to land an airplane on water during the first of two attempts to cross the English Channel solo....
 (1883-1912) and Rene Labouchere. The company, led by Leon Levavasseur (1863-1922) and based in Puteaux
Puteaux

Puteaux is a commune in France in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine D?partements of France, at from the Kilometre Zero....
, also displayed a car
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
 with a V8 engine
V8 engine

A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
 and hydraulic clutches, instead of a gearbox and differential
Differential (mechanics)

A differential is a device, usually but not necessarily employing gears, capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts, almost always used in one of two ways....
, at the 1906 Paris Salon de l'Automobile.






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aircraft, showing Antoinette V8 engine
V8 engine

A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
]] Antoinette was a short-lived (1903-1912) French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 manufacturer of light gasoline
Gasoline

File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
 engine
Engine

An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input.An engine whose purpose is to produce kinetic energy output from a fuel is called a Wiktionary:prime mover; alternatively, a motor is a device which produces kinetic energy from a preprocessed "fuel" ....
s which were quite advanced for that period. Antoinette also became a builder of distinctively graceful, record-breaking monoplane
Monoplane

A monoplane is an aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. Since the late 1930s it has been the "ordinary" form for a fixed wing aircraft....
 aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
 flown by Hubert Latham
Hubert Latham

Hubert Latham was an early French aviation pioneer. He is credited with being the first individual to land an airplane on water during the first of two attempts to cross the English Channel solo....
 (1883-1912) and Rene Labouchere. The company, led by Leon Levavasseur (1863-1922) and based in Puteaux
Puteaux

Puteaux is a commune in France in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine D?partements of France, at from the Kilometre Zero....
, also displayed a car
Automobile

An automobile or motor car is a wheeled motor vehicle for transportation passengers, which also carries its own car engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally f...
 with a V8 engine
V8 engine

A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinder s mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft....
 and hydraulic clutches, instead of a gearbox and differential
Differential (mechanics)

A differential is a device, usually but not necessarily employing gears, capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts, almost always used in one of two ways....
, at the 1906 Paris Salon de l'Automobile. The following year, a 4 cylinder engine and then a V-8 engine were also made available to sportsmen by Antoinette. The last and most powerful Antoinette engine was a V-16 developing . It was mounted on an Antoinette VII
Antoinette VII

The Antoinette VII was an early France aircraft, flown in 1909. It was a further development of the Antoinette IV, with increased Piston engine power and using a wing warping system developed by Levavasseur for the Antoinette V in place of the Antoinette IV's ailerons....
 monoplane in 1910 in order to compete in the Gordon-Bennett Cup. Lastly, Antoinette engines were also installed in fast boats built for racing purposes.

In October 1906, an Antoinette engine powered Europe's first heavier-than-air flying machine to fly, the Santos-Dumont 14-bis
Santos-Dumont 14-bis

For the Brazilian band, see 14 Bis The 14-bis, also known as Oiseau de proie , was a pioneer-era canard biplane designed and built by Brazilian inventor Alberto Santos-Dumont....
. However, the 14-bis was by definition not a true airplane because it lacked controllability in two out of three axes and could only fly straight ahead in ground effect. More significantly, in January 1908, a Voisin
Voisin

Voisin is a France surname meaning neighbour.*Avions Voisin, a French automobile designed by Gabriel Voisin*Catherine Monvoisin, known as "La Voisin" , was a French sorceress, and one of the chief personages in the famous "affaire des poisons" during the reign of Louis XIV....
 pusher biplane
Biplane

A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings. The Wright brothers Wright Flyer used a biplane design, as did most aircraft in the early years of aviation....
 modified and piloted by Henri Farman successfully completed Europe's first 1 kilometer circular flight, landing where it had taken off. This Farman-Voisin biplane was powered by a water-cooled
Liquid cooling

Liquid Cooling may refer to:* Cooling by convections or circulation of Coolants* Computer cooling* Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment, a garment worn by astronauts....
 Antoinette V8 engine which developed at 1,400 rpm. It used an early form of direct gasoline injection
Fuel injection

Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in gasoline Automobile engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
 and weighed only 190 pounds in working order, including the water-filled cooling system. Its power-to-weight ratio was not surpassed for another 25 years.

Appearing in 1906, Antoinette's 25- and engines gave European aviation its start. Excellent as they were, these lightweight aero engines were subject to quitting if the tiniest bit of dirt or debris found its way into the fuel to clog their early fuel injection systems. A routine practice at the time was to pour in the gasoline through a funnel lined with chamois leather
Chamois leather

Chamois leather is a type of porous, non-abrasive leather. In the 19th to the first half of the 20th centuries, it was very commonly used for gloves for men and women....
, which also served as a microfilter. That the Antoinette engine could quit in flight is illustrated by Hubert Latham's aborted English Channel
English Channel

The English Channel is an Arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest, to only in the Strait of Dover....
 crossing on July 19th 1909, when the renowned aviator had to ditch his monoplane
Monoplane

A monoplane is an aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. Since the late 1930s it has been the "ordinary" form for a fixed wing aircraft....
 on the water halfway to the English coast. Bleriot
Louis Blériot

Louis Bl?riot was a French inventor and engineer. In 1909 he completed the first flight across a large body of water in a heavier-than-air craft when he crossed the English Channel, receiving a prize of 1000 pound sterlings for doing so....
's monoplane succeeded a few days later, on July 25th 1909, largely thanks to a much simpler and more reliable air-cooled Anzani
Anzani

The Anzani was an engine manufacturer founded by the Italian Alessandro Anzani , which produced proprietary engines for aircraft, Automobile, boats, and motorcycles in factories in Britain, France and Italy....
 3W radial
Radial engine

The radial engine is a reciprocating engine internal combustion engine engine configuration in which the cylinder s point outward from a central crankshaft like the spokes on a wheel....
. It is only in 1909, with the advent of the Gnome
Gnome et Rhône

Gnome et Rh?ne was a major France aircraft engine manufacturer. Between 1914 and 1918 they produced 25,000 of their 9-cylinder Delta and Le Rh?ne 110 hp rotary engine designs, while another 75,000 were produced by various licensees, powering the majority of aircraft in the first half of the war on both sides of the conflict....
 Omega rotary
Rotary engine

The 'rotary engine' was an early type of internal-combustion engine in which the crankshaft remained stationary and the entire cylinder block rotated around it....
, early aviators like Farman gained a superb and distinctly more reliable French aero engine to choose from.

In 1907, an Antoinette engine powered the first true helicopter, designed by Paul Cornu
Paul Cornu

Paul Cornu was a French engineer who manufactured bicycles by trade.He was born at Glos-la-Ferri?re, Basse-Normandie.Cornu designed the world's first manned rotary wing aircraft and made the first piloted free flight with it at Lisieux, Calvados, France on November 13, 1907....
.

Aircraft

  • Antoinette I
  • Antoinette II
  • Antoinette III
    Antoinette III

    The Antoinette III was an early experimental aircraft flown in France. It was based on designer Ferdinand Ferber's previous designs, and quite unlike other Antoinette aircraft....
     (1908). Single-engine one-seat biplane, originally known as Farman IX
  • Antoinette IV
    Antoinette IV

    The Antoinette IV was an early France monoplane. It was a high-wing aircraft with a fuselage of extremely narrow triangular cross-section and a cruciform tail....
     (1908). Single-engine one-seat monoplane with aft-mounted aileron surfaces
  • Antoinette V
    Antoinette V

    The Antoinette V was an early France aircraft, first flown on 20 December 1908. It was a development of the Antoinette IV, but replaced that type's ailerons with a Wing warping controlled by two hand-wheels, one on each side of the pilot's seat....
     (1908). Variant of Antoinette IV with wing warping
    Wing warping

    Wing warping was an early system for lateral control of an Fixed-wing aircraft. The technique, used and patented by the Wright brothers, consisted of a system of pulleys and cables to twist the trailing edges of the wings in opposite directions....
     instead of aileron
    Aileron

    For the band with a similar name, see The AileronsAilerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft....
    s
  • Antoinette VI
    Antoinette VI

    The Antoinette VI was an early France aircraft, flown in 1909. It was a development of the Antoinette IV, its major technological advance being that it was fitted with true ailerons, whereas the former aircraft had ailerons mounted as separate surfaces on the trailing edges of the wings....
     (1908). Variant of Antoinette V with true ailerons (later converted to wing warping)
  • Antoinette VII
    Antoinette VII

    The Antoinette VII was an early France aircraft, flown in 1909. It was a further development of the Antoinette IV, with increased Piston engine power and using a wing warping system developed by Levavasseur for the Antoinette V in place of the Antoinette IV's ailerons....
     (1909). Further development of Antoinette IV with larger engine and wing warping
  • Antoinette VIII
  • Antoinette military monoplane
    Antoinette military monoplane

    The Antoinette military monoplane, sometimes known as the Antoinette-Latham or the Antoinette Monobloc was an early monoplane built in France in the hope of interesting the French military in buying aircraft....
     (1911). Proposed military development of Antoinette IV


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