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Anti-Qing sentiment (Chinese:??, pingyin:fan qing) is a sentiment principally held in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 against the Manchu ruling during Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, which was often resented for being foreign and barbaric
Barbarian

"Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage....
. The Qing was decried as having destroyed traditional Chinese culture by banning traditional Chinese clothes (Hanfu) and forcing Chinese to wear pigtails in the Manchu tradition. It was also blamed for suppressing Chinese science and causing China to transform from the world's premiere power to a poor, backwards nation.The slogan used by Dr.Sun Yetsen "Fan qing fu ming" (Chinese:???? pingyin:fan qing fù míng) during the Xinhai revolution
Xinhai Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912....
 to overthrow the Qing dynasty.

In the broadest sense, an anti-Manchu(Qing) activist is anyone who disagrees with the Qing or engages in anti-Manchu(Qing) direct action
Direct action

Direct action is politically motivated activity undertaken by individuals, groups, or governments to achieve political goals outside of normal social/political channels....
.






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Anti-Qing sentiment (Chinese:??, pingyin:fan qing) is a sentiment principally held in China
China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
 against the Manchu ruling during Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
, which was often resented for being foreign and barbaric
Barbarian

"Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person, either in a general reference to a member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage....
. The Qing was decried as having destroyed traditional Chinese culture by banning traditional Chinese clothes (Hanfu) and forcing Chinese to wear pigtails in the Manchu tradition. It was also blamed for suppressing Chinese science and causing China to transform from the world's premiere power to a poor, backwards nation.The slogan used by Dr.Sun Yetsen "Fan qing fu ming" (Chinese:???? pingyin:fan qing fù míng) during the Xinhai revolution
Xinhai Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912....
 to overthrow the Qing dynasty.

In the broadest sense, an anti-Manchu(Qing) activist is anyone who disagrees with the Qing or engages in anti-Manchu(Qing) direct action
Direct action

Direct action is politically motivated activity undertaken by individuals, groups, or governments to achieve political goals outside of normal social/political channels....
. This includes many mainstream political movements and uprisings, such as Taiping Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale revolt in China from 1850 to 1864, during the Qing Dynasty, by an army led by Heterodoxy Christianity convert Hong Xiuquan....
, Xinhai revolution
Xinhai Revolution

The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution , also known as the 1911 Revolution or the Chinese Revolution, began with the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911 and ended with the abdication of Emperor Puyi on February 12, 1912....
, Revive China Society
Revive China Society

The Xingzhonghui , translated as the Revive China Society or the Society for Regenerating China, was founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen on 24 November 1894 to forward the goal of establishing prosperity for China and as a platform for future Xinhai Revolution activities....
, Tongmenghui
Tongmenghui

The Tongmenghui , also known as the Chinese United League or the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance, was a secret society and underground resistance resistance movement organized by Sun Yat-sen and Song Jiaoren in Tokyo, Japan, on 20 August 1905....
, Panthay Rebellion
Panthay Rebellion

The Panthay Rebellion , known in Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion was a separatist movement of the Hui people and Islam in Chinas against the imperial Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, China, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest....
, Dungan revolt
Dungan revolt

The Dungan Revolt was a religious war in 19th-century China. It is also known as the Hui Minorities' War and the Muslim Rebellion. The term is sometimes used to refer to the Panthay Rebellion in Yunnan as well....
 etc.

Ming loyalism in the early Qing dynasty


Koxinga

Zheng Chenggong
Koxinga

Koxinga is the traditional Western spelling of the popular appellation of Zheng Chenggong , who was a List of famous military commanders at the end of the China Ming Dynasty....
 (Chinese: ???) (1624–1662), son of Zheng Zhilong
Zheng Zhilong

Zheng Zhilong also known as Nicholas Iquan Gaspard was a 17th century China merchant, pirate and admiral for the Ming dynasty. He was the father of Zheng Chenggong , also a List of military commanders....
 (a Han Chinese
Han Chinese

Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the Earth.Han Chinese constitute about 92 percent of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98 percent of the population of the Republic of China , 75 percent of the population of Singapore, and about 19 percent...
) and Tagawa Matsu
Tagawa Matsu

Tagawa Matsu , or Weng-shi , was the mother of Koxinga, a China national hero, and Tagawa Shichizaemon , a servant to a Japanese feudal lord....
 (Japanese), was a prominent leader of a military movement that opposed the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
 from the 1640s to the 1660s. He is now considered as a Han-Chinese "ethnic hero".

Anti-Qing rebellions


Hong Xiuquan

Hong Xiuquan
Hong Xiuquan

H?ng Xi?qu?n , born Hong Renkun , courtesy name Huoxiu , was a Hakka China who led the Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the Taiping tien-quo "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace," over varying portions of southern China, with himself as the "Tian Wang" and self-proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ....
 (Chinese: ???; pinyin: Hóng Xiùquán) was a Hakka
Hakka

The Hakka people are a subgroup of the Han Chinese people based in the provinces of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian in China and speaking the Hakka language....
 Chinese who was the leader of the Taiping Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion

The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale revolt in China from 1850 to 1864, during the Qing Dynasty, by an army led by Heterodoxy Christianity convert Hong Xiuquan....
 against the Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty , also known as the Manchu Dynasty, followed the Ming Dynasty in History of China, and was the last ruling Chinese Dynasties of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 ....
. He proclaimed himself to be the Heavenly King and called Jesus Christ his brother.

Ma Hualong

Ma Hualong (died 1871), a leader of the Jahriya (also spelt Jahariyah) school of Sufism, was a leader in the Muslim Rebellion of the Hui people of the then Gansu province. Ma was besieged in the Chinese city of Jinjibao (then in Gansu, now in Ningxia) for sixteen months before surrendering in March 1871 to the Qing General Zuo Zongtang
Zuo Zongtang

Zuo Zongt?ng, 1st Marquess Kejing of the Second Class , spelled Tso Tsung-t'ang in Wade-Giles and known simply as General Tso or General Tsuo to Western Europeans, was a China statesman and military leader....
. Zuo sentenced Ma and over eighty of his officials to death by slow slicing.

Late-Qing revolutionaries


Sun Yat-Sen


Zou Rong

Born in Sichuan province in West China in 1885 to a merchant family, Zou received a classical education but refused to sit for the civil service exams, preferring instead to work as a seal carver while pursuing his idiosyncratic classical studies. He gradually became interested in Western ideas, and went to Japan to study in 1901, where he was exposed to radical revolutionary and anti-Manchu ideas. Quotations of Zou Rong:

"Sweep away millennia of despotism in all its forms, throw off millennia of slavishness, annihilate the five million and more of the furry and horned Manchu race, cleanse ourselves of 260 years of harsh and unremitting pain"
"I do not begrudge repeating over and over again that internally we are slaves of the Manchus and suffering from their tyranny, externally we are being harassed by the Powers, and we are doubly enslaved."

"To kill the emperor set up by the Manchus as a warning to the myriad generations that despotic government is not to be revived."

"To settle the name of the country as the Republic of China"

Modern resurgence


Ch'ien Mu

Professor Ch'ien Mu stated that the Qing dynasty was the cause of China's backwardness in the twentieth century.

See also

  • Wang Fuzhi
    Wang Fuzhi

    Wang Fuzhi , 1619?1692) courtesy name Ernong , pseudonym Chuanshan , was a China philosopher of the late Ming Dynasty, early Qing Dynasty dynasties....