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Anthraquinone
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Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound. It is a derivative of anthracene. It has the appearance of yellow or light gray to gray-green solid crystalline powder.
Its other names are 9,10-anthracenedione, anthradione, 9,10-anthrachinon, anthracene-9,10-quinone, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene, and trade names Hoelite, Morkit, Corbit, and others.
s semisoluble in water but dissolves in alcohol, nitrobenzene and aniline.

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Encyclopedia
Anthraquinone (9,10-dioxoanthracene) is an aromatic organic compound. It is a derivative of anthracene. It has the appearance of yellow or light gray to gray-green solid crystalline powder.
Its other names are 9,10-anthracenedione, anthradione, 9,10-anthrachinon, anthracene-9,10-quinone, 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene, and trade names Hoelite, Morkit, Corbit, and others.
Physical properties
It is semisoluble in water but dissolves in alcohol, nitrobenzene and aniline. It is chemically fairly stable under normal conditions.
Natural occurrences
Anthraquinones naturally occur in some plants (eg. aloe latex, senna, rhubarb, and Cascara buckthorn), fungi, lichens, and insects, where they serve as a basic skeleton for their pigments. Natural anthraquinone derivatives tend to have laxative effects.
Chemistry
There are several ways to obtain anthraquinone:
In a classic organic reaction called the Bally-Scholl synthesis (1905), anthraquinone condenses with glycerol forming benzanthrone. In this reaction the quinone is first reduced with copper metal in sulfuric acid (converting one ketone group into a methylene group) after which the glycerol is added.
Industrial applications
- Anthraquinone is used in production of dyes, such as alizarin.
- Many natural pigments are derivatives of anthraquinone.
- Anthraquinone may be used as a catalyst in production of chemical pulp by the Kraft or Soda-AQ processes.
- Another use is as a bird repellant on seeds.
- A derivative of anthraquinone (2-ethylanthraquinone) is used to produce hydrogen peroxide commercially.
Medical uses
Anthraquinone is used as a laxative. Prolonged use and abuse leads to melanosis coli.
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