Annona is a genus of
flowering plantThe flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s in the pawpaw/sugar apple family,
AnnonaceaeAnnonaceae, also called the custard apple familyis a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs or rarely lianas.With about 2300 to 2500 species and more than 130 genera,...
. It is the second largest genus in the family after
GuatteriaGuatteria is a genus of plant in family Annonaceae. It contains the following species :* Guatteria anomala, R.E. Fries* Guatteria atabapensis, Aristeg.* Guatteria augusti, Diels...
, containing approximately 110 species of mostly neotropical and afrotropical
treeA tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s and
shrubA shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s.
The generic name derives from anón, a
HispaniolaHispaniola is a major island in the Caribbean, containing the two sovereign states of the Dominican Republic and Haiti. The island is located between the islands of Cuba to the west and Puerto Rico to the east, within the hurricane belt...
n
TaínoTaíno, an Arawakan language, was the principal language of the Caribbean islands at the time of the Spanish Conquest, including the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, the Florida Keys, and the Lesser Antilles...
word for the fruit.
PaleoethnobotanicalPaleoethnobotany, also known as archaeobotany in European academic circles, is the archaeological sub-field that studies plant remains from archaeological sites...
studies have dated Annona
exploitationMain article: OverexploitationSome exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. This refers primarily to food production and necessities...
and
cultivationAgriculture in Mesoamerica dates to the Archaic period of Mesoamerican chronology . During this period, many of the hunter gatherer micro-bands in the region began to cultivate wild plants...
in the
Yautepec River regionYautepec is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name located in the north-central part of the Mexican state of Morelos. It stands at ....
of
MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
to approximately 1000 BC.
Currently, seven Annona
speciesIn biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
and one hybrid are grown for domestic or commercial use, mostly for the edible and nutritious fruits; several others also produce edible fruits.
Many of the species are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Several annonacaeous species have been found to contain acetogenins, a class of natural compounds with a wide variety of biological activities.
Description
Annona species are
taprootA taproot is an enlarged, somewhat straight to tapering plant root that grows vertically downward. It forms a center from which other roots sprout laterally.Plants with taproots are difficult to transplant...
ed,
evergreenIn botany, an evergreen plant is a plant that has leaves in all seasons. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season.There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs...
or semi
deciduousDeciduous means "falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe...
,
tropicalThe tropics is a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. It is limited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere at S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth...
treeA tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s or
shrubA shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s. This fruit typically grows in areas which do not get below 28 degrees; Cuba, Jamaica, and the Philippines, however it has been known to grow in certain areas of Florida.
- Trunks: The trunks have thin bark that has broad and shallow depressions or fissures which join together and are scaly giving rise to slender, stiff, cylindrical and tapering shoots with raised pores and naked buds.
- Leaves: Leaf blades can be leathery or thin and rather soft or pliable, bald or hairy.
- Flowers: The flowering stalks rise from axils, or occasionally from axillary buds on main stems or older stems, or as solitary flowers or small bundle of flowers. Usually, the three or four deciduous sepal
A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Collectively the sepals form the calyx, which is the outermost whorl of parts that form a flower. Usually green, sepals have the typical function of protecting the petals when the flower is in bud...
s are smaller than the outer petalPetals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They often are brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals lying...
s that do not overlap while in bud. Six to eight fleshy petals in two whorls—the petals of the outer whorl are larger and do not overlap; inner petals are ascending and distinctively smaller, and nectar glands are darker pigmented. Numerous stamens that are ball, club-shaped, or curved and hooded or pointed beyond anther sac. Numerous pistilsGynoecium is most commonly used as a collective term for all carpels in a flower. A carpel is the ovule and seed producing reproductive organ in flowering plants. Carpels are derived from ovule-bearing leaves which evolved to form a closed structure containing the ovules...
, attached directly to the base, are partially united to various degrees with distinct stigmaThe stigma is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. The stigma receives pollen at pollination and it is on the stigma that the pollen grain germinates. The stigma is adapted to catch and trap pollen with various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings...
, with one or two ovules per pistil; the style and stigma are club-shaped or narrowly conic.
- Fruits: One fleshy, ovate to spherical fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
is produced per flower. Each fruit consists of many individual small fruitsMultiple fruits are fruits that are formed from a cluster of flowers . Each flower in the inflorescence produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass...
or syncarps, with one syncarp and seedA seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
per pistil. Seeds are beanBean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae used for human food or animal feed....
-like with tough coats; the seed kernels are toxic.
- Pollination: Dynastid scarab beetles appear basic within the genus Annona. Those species of Annona which are more morphologically
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
derived, as well as all RolliniaRollinia is a genus in the family Annonaceae. While it is widely recognised as a distinct genus a recent monograph advocates its inclusion in Annona, which also contains custard apples and soursops....
spp., possess reduced floral chambers and attract small beetles such as Nitidulidae or Staphylinidae.
Selected species
The following is a list of some of the more important species. Many of them have significant agricultural, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and other uses. Synonyms appear in the sublist.
- Annona amambayensis
- Annona acuminata
- Annona ambotay
- Annona asplundiana
Annona asplundiana is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.-References:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona atabapensis
Annona atabapensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Venezuela.-References:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona × atemoya
The atemoya, Annona × atemoya, is a hybrid of two fruits – the sugar apple and the cherimoya – which are both native to the American tropics. This fruit is popular in Taiwan, where it is known as the "pineapple sugar apple" , and is sometimes mistaken for a cross between the sugar...
– atemoya
- Annona bullata
- Annona biflora
- Annona bicolor
- Annona brasililensis
- Annona cacans
Annona coriacea is a fruit tree native to Atlantic Forest and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil and Paraguay...
- – ariticum ou çoriticaos
- Annona calophylla
- Annona campestris
- Annona cherimola
Annona cherimola , and originally called Chirimuya by the Inca people who lived where it was growing in the Andes of South America, is an edible fruit bearing species of the genus Annona from the family Annonaceae is now widely cultivated mostly for its sweet fruits that share the name...
– cherimoyaThe Cherimoya is the fruit of the species Annona cherimola, which is native to the Andes. Today they are grown throughout South and Central America.-Description:...
- Annona chrysophylla – graines
- Annona pubescens
- Annona tripetala
- Annona conica
Annona conica is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
- Annona coriacea
Annona coriacea is a fruit tree native to Brazil. Commonly known as soursop, its original habitat includes the ecoregions of Cerrado, Caatinga, and Pantanal. Its wood is used in constructions and toys. This plant is cited in Flora Brasiliensis by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius.-References:*...
- Annona cornifolia
Annona cornifolia is a species of flowering plant in the genus Annona of the Annonaceae family....
- Annona crassiflora
Annona crassiflora, commonly known as the Marolo or Araticum do cerrado, is a flowering plant in the Annonaceae family. The flowers of a marolo look like jellyfishes wearing hats, and the fruits are sweet and very rough. It is native to Brazil and Paraguay and the fruit is eaten by native peoples...
– araticum do cerrado, marolo
- Annona cristalensis
Annona cristalensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-References:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona crotonifolia
- Annona deceptrix
Annona deceptrix is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
- Annona deminuta
Annona deminuta is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.-References:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona dioica
- Annona diversifolia – ilama
The ilama is a tropical fruit tree found in Central America. The name is derived from the Spanish from the Nahuatl ilamatzapotl, of which the rough translation is "old woman's sapote". The name is also applied to a similar fruit, soncoya or cabeza de negro The ilama (also known as the tree of...
- Annona dolabripetala
- Annona dolichophylla
Annona dolichophylla is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Peru.-References:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona echinata
- Annona ecuadorensis
Annona ecuadorensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Annona ekmanii
Annona ekmanii is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.-References:* Areces-Mallea, A.E. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona excellens
- Annona glabra – pond apple, alligator apple, monkey apple
- Annona glaucophylla
- Annona haematantha
- Annona hayesii
- Annona hypoglauca
- Annona hystricoides
Annona hystricoides is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Annona jahnii
- Annona jamaicensis
Annona jamaicensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona longiflora
- Annona lutescens
- Annona macrocalyx
- Annona malmeana
- Annona manabiensis
Annona manabiensis is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
- Annona microcarpa
- Annona montana
or Mountain soursop is an edible fruit and medicinal plant in the Annonaceae family native to Central America, the Amazon, and islands in the Caribbean. It has fibrous fruits.make a better juice...
Macfad. – mountain soursop
- Annona monticola
- Annona muricata
Annona muricata is a member of the family of Custard apple trees called Annonaceae and a species of the genus Annona known mostly for its edible fruits Anona. Annona muricata produces fruits that are usually called Soursop due to its slightly acidic taste when ripe. A...
– soursopThe Soursop is tripti broadleaf, flowering, evergreen tree native to Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America, Colombia and Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Soursop is also native to sub-Saharan African countries that lie within the tropics. Today, it is also grown in some areas...
, guanábana
- Annona macrocarpa auct.
- Annona nutans
- Annona oligocarpa
Annona oligocarpa is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
- Annona paludosa
- Annona paraguayensis
- Annona phaeoclados
- Annona praetermissa
Annona praetermissa is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Bellingham, P. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona purpurea
Annona purpurea is an edible fruit and medicinal plant in the Annonaceae family. It is native to Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America. Its common names include soncoya, sincuya, and cabeza de negro. It is a tree reaching 6 to 10 meters in maximum height. It has hairy leaves and...
– sonconya
- Annona pygmaea
- Annona reticulata
Annona reticulata is a small deciduous or semi-evergreen tree in the plant family Annonaceae.It is best known for its fruit, called custard-apple, a name it shares with fruits of other species from the same genus: A. cherimola and A. squamosa or sometimes it is called wild-sweetsop,...
– custard apple, bullock's heart, corazón
- Annona salzmannii
The Beach sugar apple, Annona salzmannii, is a tree native to Brazil.It is an extremely rare Annona bearing orange skinned fruits up to one pound in weight with a sweet and very tasty white pulp. The fruit is prized in its native range, but is rare and never cutivated.The tree is an evergreen tree...
– beach sugar apple
- Annona scleroderma
The cawesh, Annona scleroderma is a species in the Annonaceae family, with an edible fruit the size of an orange. The cream-colored flesh of the fruit has a creamy banana-pineapple flavor, and a soft texture. The fruit's tough skin makes it particularly easy to handle. The fruit is little known...
– poshe-te, cawesh , wild red custard apple
- Annona senegalensis
Annona senegalensis, commonly known as African custard-apple, wild custard apple, and wild soursop, is a species of flowering plant in the custard apple family, Annonaceae. The specific epithet, senegalensis, translates to mean "of Senegal", the country where the type specimen was collected.A...
– African custard apple
- Annona sericea
- Annona spinescens
- Annona spraguei
Annona spraguei is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Panama. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Mitré, M. 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
- Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa a small well-branched tree or shrub that bears edible fruits called sugar-apple, species of the genus Annona and member of the family Annonaceae more willing to grow at lower altitudes than its relatives Annona reticulata and Annona cherimola making it the most widely cultivated of...
– sugar apple, sweetsop, anón
- Annona testudinea
- Annona tomentosa – aritcum de moita
- Annona trunciflora
Annona trunciflora is a species of plant in the Annonaceae family. It is endemic to Venezuela.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 20 August 2007....
– golden sugar apple, false sonconya
Insects and diseases
Annona species are generally disease-free. They are susceptible to some fungi and wilt. Ants are a problem, since they promote mealy bugs on the fruit.
Insects
- Braephratiloides cubense (annona seed borer)
- Bepratelloides cubense (annona seed borer)
- Morganella longispina (plumose scale)
- Philephedra n.sp. (Philephedra scale)
- Pseudococcus
Pseudococcus is a genus of unarmoured scale insects in the family Pseudococcidae containing more than 150 species.-Species:Species include:*Pseudococcus aberrans*Pseudococcus acirculus*Pseudococcus affinis*Pseudococcus africanus...
sp. (mealy bugs)
- Xyleborus sp. (ambrosia beetles)
- Ammiscus polygrophoides
- Anastrepha atrox
- Anastrepha barandianae
- Anastrepha bistrigata
- Anastrepha chiclayae
- Anastrepha disticta
- Anastrepha extensa
- Anastrepha fraterculus
- Anastrepha oblicua
- Anastrepha serpentina
- Anastrepha striata
- Anastrepha suspensa
- Apate monachus
- Bactrocera
Bactrocera is a large genus of tephritid fruit flies, with more than 500 species currently described.-Name:The genus name is derived from Ancient Greek bakter "rod" and kera "horn".-Systematics:Many subgenera are defined within this...
spp.
- Bephrata maculicollis
- Brevipalpus spp.
- Ceratitis capitata
Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, or medfly for short, is a species of fruit fly capable of causing extensive damage to a wide range of fruit crops...
- Cerconota anonella
- Coccoidea spp.
- Coccus viridis
Coccus viridis is a soft scale insect in the family Coccidae with a wide host range. It is commonly known as green scale or sometimes coffee green scale because it is a major pest of coffee crops throughout the world.-Description:...
(green scale)
- Emanadia flavipennis
- Gelwchiidae spp.
- Heliothrips haemorphoidalis
- Leosynodes elegantales
- Lyonetia
Lyonetia is a genus of moths in the family Lyonetiidae.-Species:* Lyonetia alniella Chambers, 1875* Lyonetia anthemopa Meyrick, 1936* Lyonetia bakuchia Kuroko, 1964* Lyonetia boehmeriella Kuroko, 1964...
spp.
- Oiketicus kirby
- Orthezia olivicola
- Phyllocnistis
Phyllocnistis is a genus of moths in the family Gracillariidae.-Adult:Adults of the genus Phyllocnistis are very small moths with wing spans generally not exceeding 5 mm. Both fore- and hindwings are lanceolate and predominantly white. The forewings are marked with yellow to orange, longitudinal...
spp.
- Pinnaspis aspidistrae
- Planococcus citri
- Saissetia nigra
- Talponia
Talponia is a genus of moths belonging to the Tortricidae family.-Species:*Talponia batesi Heinrich, 1932*Talponia plummeriana -External links:*...
spp.
- Tenuipalpidae
Tenuipalpidae, also called "flat mites" or "false spider mites", are a family of mites, closely related to the Tetranychidae. They are reddish, slow moving, and normally feed near the midrib or veins on the underside of leaves. Several species, among them Raoiella indica, are important crop pests....
- Tetranynchus spp.
- Thrips
Thrips are tiny, slender insects with fringed wings . Other common names for thrips include thunderflies, thunderbugs, storm flies, thunderblights, and corn lice...
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Fungi
- Armillaria (oak root fungus)
- Ascochyta cherimolaer
- Botryodiplodia theobromae
- Cercospora annonaceae
- Cladosporium carpophilum
- Colletotrichium spp.
- Colletotrichium annonicola
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
- Corticium salmonicolor
- Fumagina spp.
- Fusarium solani
- Gloeosporium
- Glomerella cingulata
Glomerella cingulata is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes disease on many different hosts including quince and apple bitter rot and anthracnose on many fruit and vegetable species. Glomerella cingulata is the sexual stage while the asexual stage is called Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.-...
- Isariopsis anonarum
- Koleroga noxis
- Monilia
- Nectria episphaeria
- Oidium
This article is about a type of fungal spore. For the ascomycete genus, see Oidium . For the fungus that causes powdery mildew on grapes, see Uncinula necator....
- Phakopsora cherimolae
- Phomopsis
Phomopsis is a genus of ascomyceta fungi.-Species:Species include:* Phomopsis arnoldiae* Phomopsis asparagi* Phomopsis asparagicola* Phomopsis cannabina* Phomopsis caricae-papayae* Phomopsis coffeae* Phomopsis elaeagni...
spp.
- Phomopsis annonacearum
- Phyllosticta
Phyllosticta is a genus of fungi. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens.-Species:*Phyllosticta aberiae*Phyllosticta abietis*Phyllosticta abortiva*Phyllosticta abramovii*Phyllosticta abricola...
- Phythium spp.
- Phytophtora palmivora
- Phytophtora parasitica
- Rhizopus nigricans
Rhizopus nigricans is a fungus commonly known as bread mold and is the most common species of Rhizopus. It is found on old food and in soils and even in children's sandboxes. The genus contains some 50 species and bread mold is sometimes confused with species of Mucor or other species of Rhizopus...
- Rhizopus stolonifer
- Rhizoctonia spp.
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solani is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. This plant pathogen was discovered more than 100 years ago. Rhizoctonia solani frequently exists as thread-like growth on plants or in culture. Asexual spores are not produced, only the sexual stage...
- Salssetia oleare
- Sclerotium rolfsii
- Uredo cherimola
- Verticillium
Verticillium is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota, and are an anamorphic form of the Plectosphaerellaceae family. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mollusc eggs and other fungi thus it can be seen that the...
(wilt)
- Zignoella annonicola
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Nematodes
- Cephalobidae spp.
- Dorylaimidae spp.
- Gracilacus
Gracilacus is a genus of nematodes. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens....
spp.
- Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchus is a genus of nematodes in the family Hoplolaimidae.-Diagnosis:Hoplolaimidae. Female : Body vermiform, spiral to straight. Labial region continuous to slightly offset, rounded or anteriorly flattened, generally annulated but never longitudinally striated; anterior lip annulus...
spp.
- Hemicycliophora spp.
- Hoplolaimidae
Hoplolaimidae is a family of plant pathogenic nematodes. It has two subfamilies, Hoplolaiminae and Rotylenchulinae. Typically hoplolaimids are ecto- or semi endoparasites of higher plants.-Type subfamily :Hoplolaiminae Filip'ev, 1934....
spp.
- Meloidogyne incognita
The Meloidogyne incognita is a nematode, a type of roundworm, in the family Heteroderidae. It is an important plant parasite classified in parasitology as a root-knot nematode, as it prefers to attack the root of its host plant....
spp.
- Pratylenchus
Pratylenchus is a genus of plant-parasitic nematodes responsible for root lesions on many plant hosts in temperate regions around the world. Lesion nematodes are migratory endoparasites that enter the host root for feeding and reproduction and move freely through or out of the root tissue. They do...
spp.
- Paratylenchus micoletzky. Rhabditis spp.
- Tylenchorhynchus
Tylenchorhynchus is a genus of nematodes including many species of plant parasites. The classification of stunt nematodes - those including the Tylenchorhynchus genus - is unstable; many newly discovered species within this genus are reconsidered to be actually subspecies...
spp.
- Xiphinema americanum
Xiphinema americanum is a plant pathogenic nematode. It is one of many species that belongs to the genus Xiphinema. It was first described by N. A. Cobb in 1913, who found it on both sides of the United States on the roots of grass, corn, and citrus trees. Not only is Xiphinema americanum known to...
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Algae
- Cephaleuros virescens
Cephaleuros virescens is a plant pathogen....
- Cephalosporium spp.
- Paecilomyces
Paecilomyces is a genus of nematophagous fungus which kills harmful nematodes by pathogenesis, causing disease in the nematodes. Therefore the fungus can be used as a bio-nematicide to control nematodes by applying it to soil.-Species:...
spp.
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Diseases
- Diplodia
Diplodia is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae.-Species:*Diplodia abiegna*Diplodia abrotani*Diplodia abutilonis*Diplodia acaciae*Diplodia acaciarum*Diplodia acanthophylli*Diplodia acericola...
natalensis (Dry fruit rot)
- Fruit rot
External links