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Anna Leopoldovna

 
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Anna Leopoldovna
 
 
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Anna Leopoldovna (?´??? ?????´???????) (1718 – 18 March, 1746), also known as Anna Karlovna (?´??? ??´??????), regent
Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 for a few months (1740 - 1741) during the minority of her baby son Ivan
Ivan VI of Russia

Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia , , reigned as Emperor of Russia 1740 - 1741. He was born in Saint Petersburg to Prince Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and the princess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg....
. She was the daughter of Tsarevna Catherine of Russia (sister of Empress Anna
Anna of Russia

Anna Ivanovna reigned as Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 to 1730 and as Tsarina of Russia from 1730 to 1740....
) and of Charles Leopold, the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany from 1348 on, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor....
 and born as Elisabeth Katharina Christine von Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

In 1739 she married Anthony Ulrich (1714 - 1776), son of Ferdinand Albert
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Ferdinand Albert , Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, was an officer in the army of the Holy Roman Empire. He was prince of Brunswick-Wolfenb?ttel during 1735....
, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.






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Anna Leopoldovna
Anna Leopoldovna (?´??? ?????´???????) (1718 – 18 March, 1746), also known as Anna Karlovna (?´??? ??´??????), regent
Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 for a few months (1740 - 1741) during the minority of her baby son Ivan
Ivan VI of Russia

Ivan VI Antonovich of Russia , , reigned as Emperor of Russia 1740 - 1741. He was born in Saint Petersburg to Prince Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg and the princess Anna Leopoldovna of Mecklenburg....
. She was the daughter of Tsarevna Catherine of Russia (sister of Empress Anna
Anna of Russia

Anna Ivanovna reigned as Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 to 1730 and as Tsarina of Russia from 1730 to 1740....
) and of Charles Leopold, the Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany from 1348 on, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor....
 and born as Elisabeth Katharina Christine von Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

In 1739 she married Anthony Ulrich (1714 - 1776), son of Ferdinand Albert
Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Ferdinand Albert , Duke of Brunswick-L?neburg, was an officer in the army of the Holy Roman Empire. He was prince of Brunswick-Wolfenb?ttel during 1735....
, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. On 5 October, 1740 the empress Anne adopted their new-born son Ivan and proclaimed him heir to the Russian throne. A few days after this proclamation the empress died (28 October 1740), leaving directions regarding the succession, and appointing her favourite
Favourite

In historical writings, when used in reference to a person, favourite, also spelled favorite , means the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person....
  Ernest Biron
Ernst Johann von Biron

Ernst Johann von Biron was a Baltic German Duke of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and regent of the Russian Empire ....
, Duke of Courland
Courland

Courland is one of the cultural and historical regions of Latvia. The regions of Semigallia and Selonia are sometimes considered as part of Courland....
, as regent. Biron, however, had made himself an object of detestation to the Russian people, and Anna Leopoldovna had little difficulty in overthrowing him (8 November, 1740). She then assumed the regency, and took the title of Grand-Duchess, but she knew little of the character of the people with whom she had to deal, knew even less of the conventions and politics of Russian government, and speedily quarrelled with her principal supporters.

According to a Dictionary of Russian History, she ordered an investigation of the garment industry when new uniforms received by the military were found to be of inferior quality. When the investigation revealed inhuman conditions she issued decrees mandating a minimum wage and maximum working hours in that industry as well as the establishment of medical facilities at every garment factory.

She also presided over a brilliant victory by Russian forces at the Battle of Lapeenranta in Finland after Sweden had declared war against her Government.

In December 1741, the daughter of Peter the Great
Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
, who, from her habits was a favourite with the soldiers, excited the guards to revolt, overcame the insignificant opposition, and ascended the throne as empress Elizabeth
Elizabeth of Russia

Elizaveta Petrovna , also known as Yelisavet and Elizabeth, was an Empress of Russia who took the country into the War of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War ....
. This coup was supported by the ambassadors of France and Sweden, possibly with financial inducements to members of the Guard's regiments who wanted to change the pro-British and pro-Austrian policies of Anna Leopoldovna's Government.

The victorious regime first imprisoned the family in the fortress of Dünamünde near Riga
Riga

Riga the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava River. Riga is the largest city in the Baltic states....
 and then exile
Exile

Exile means to be away from one's home while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return....
d them to Kholmogory
Kholmogory

Kholmogory is a historic types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative center of Kholmogorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia....
 on the Northern Dvina
Northern Dvina

The Northern Dvina is a river in Northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea....
 river. Anna eventually died on 18 March 1746 during childbirth. Her son Ivan VI was murdered in Shlisselburg
Shlisselburg

Shlisselburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated at the head of the Neva River on Lake Ladoga, east of Saint Petersburg....
 on 16 July 1764, while her husband Anthony Ulrich died in Kholmogory on 19 March 1776. Her remaining four children were released from prison in 1780 and settled in Jutland
Jutland

File:Jutland peninsula 2.pngJutland , historically also called Cimbria, is a peninsula in Europe. Jutland forms the mainland part of Denmark as well as the northernmost part of Germany....
.