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Anise

 

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Anise


 
 

or Aniseed, less commonly anís (stressed on the second syllable) (Pimpinella anisum), is a flowering plantFacts About Flowering plant

The flowering plants are a major group of land plants....
 in the family ApiaceaeApiaceae

The Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of usually aromatic plants with hollow stems, including parsley, carrot, and...
, native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southwest AsiaAsia Summary

Asia is the largest and most populous continent or region, depending on the definition....
. It is an herbaceousHerbaceous

In botany, herbs are plants that do not produce a woody stem, and in temperate climates usually die, either completely or ba...
 annual plantAnnual plant

Botanically, an annual plant is a plant that usually germinates, flowers and dies in one year....
 growing to 3ft (1m) tall. The leavesLeaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant organ specialized for photosynthesis....
 at the base of the plant are simple,0.5 in - 2 in (2-5 cm) long and shallowly lobed, while leaves higher on the stems are feathery pinnate, divided into numerous leaflets. The flowerFlower

A flower,rflorem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found i...
s are white, 3 mm diameter, produced in dense umbelUmbel Summary

An umbel is an inflorescence which consists of a number of short flower stalks which are equal in length and spread from a c...
s. The fruitFruit

The term fruit has different meanings depending on context....
 is an oblong dry schizocarpSchizocarp

A schizocarp is a dry fruit that develops from multiple carpels....
, 3-5 mm long.

Pimpinella species are used as food plants by the larvaLarva

A larva is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis ....
e of some LepidopteraLepidoptera

The order Lepidoptera is the second largest order in the class insecta and includes the butterflies, skippers, and moths....
 species, including the lime-speck pugLime-speck Pug Overview

The Lime-speck Pug is a moth of the family Geometridae....
 and wormwood pugWormwood Pug

The Wormwood Pug is a moth of the family Geometridae....
.

Identification

  • Refer to the monograph of the 4th edition of the European PharmacopoeiaEuropean Pharmacopoeia

    The European Pharmacopoeia is a listing of a wide range of active substances used to prepare pharmaceutical products in Euro...
     [1153].

Cultivation

Best growth is in light, fertile, well drained soil. Start plants from seeds as soon as the ground warms up in spring. Because plants have a tap root they do not transplant well after established, so start them where they are to grow, or transplant while seedlings are still small.

Uses


Culinary

Containing liquoriceLiquorice

Liquorice or licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted....
-like components, anise is sweet and very aromatic. It is used to make the following confectioneries: Aniseed ballAniseed ball

Aniseed balls are a type of hard round sweet sold in the UK....
s, Aniseed wheels, pizzellePizzelle

A pizzelle is a traditional Italian waffle cookie made from flour, eggs, sugar, butter or vegetable oil, and flavoring....
s, pfeffernusse, and knotts. Aniseed is also used to make the Mexican drink "atoleAtole

Atole is a traditional cornstarch-based Mexican and Central American hot drink....
 de anís" or champurradoChampurrado (beverage)

Champurrado is a chocolate-based atole....
 which is similar to hot chocolate, the Turkish drink Raki (alcoholic beverage)Raki (alcoholic beverage)

Raki is an anise-flavored apritif that is highly popular in Turkey and is often associated with the country....
,the Greek OuzoOuzo

Ouzo is a Greek anise-flavored liqueur that is widely consumed in Greece....
, the Italian SambucaSambuca

Sambuca is a White Elder and anise-flavoured, usually colourless liqueur....
, the spirit absintheAbsinthe

Absinthe is a distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored spirit derived from herbs including the flowers and leaves of th...
, the favourite for Arabic ArakArak Overview

Arak may refer to:* Arak, Iran, a city in central Iran...
, some root beerRoot beer

Root beer is a fermented beverage made from a combination of vanilla, cherry tree bark, licorice root, sarsaparilla root, sa...
 such as Virgil's Root BeerVirgil's Root Beer

Virgil's Root Beer is a microbrewed gourmet root beer made in Los Angeles, California by Reed's, Inc....
 in the United States, and as a digestive after meals in IndiaIndia Overview

India , officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia....
.
It also is used to make the dough, when preparing the famous Peruvian dessert " PicaronesPicarones

Picarones is a dessert popular in Peru and Chile that originated in the Viceroyalty of Peru....
".
In Colombia, it is also used to add to the national drink Aguardiente, in which, depending on the region, more or less anise gives the typical drink its distinctive flavor.

Medicinal

  • Anise, like fennelFennel Overview

    Fennel is a species in the genus Foeniculum, and is native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia....
    , contains anetholeAnethole

    Anethole is an aromatic compound that accounts for the distinctive "licorice" flavor of anise, fennel, and star anise....
    , and is known to be a phytoestrogenPhytoestrogen

    Phytoestrogens are plant compounds with effects similar to those of estrogen, although somewhat weaker....
    .
  • Anise is a mild antiparasitic and its leaves can be used to treat digestive problems, relieve toothache, and its essential oilEssential oil

    An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aromatic compounds extracted from plants....
     to treat lice and scabiesScabies

    Scabies is a transmissible ectoparasite skin infection characterized by superficial burrows, intense pruritus and secondary...
    .

Miscellaneous

  • In aromatherapyAromatherapy

    Aromatherapy, commonly associated with complementary and alternative medicine , is the use of volatile liquid plant material...
    , aniseed essential oil is used to treat colds and flu.
  • According to Pliny the ElderPliny the Elder

    Gaius Plinius Secundus, better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient author and natural philosopher of some import...
    , anise was used as a cure for sleeplessness, chewed with alexandersAlexanders

    Alexanders is a commonly cultivated flowering plant, Smyrnium olusatrum, belonging to the family Umbelliferae....
     and a little honey in the morning to freshen the breath, and when mixed with wine as a remedy for scorpion stings|N.H.]] 20.72).
  • In the Mediterranean, aniseed is used in producing alcoholic beverages, such as ArakArak (distilled beverage) Summary

    Arak or araq is a clear, colourless, unsweetened aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink, produced in the eastern ...
     (Lebanon), OuzoOuzo

    Ouzo is a Greek anise-flavored liqueur that is widely consumed in Greece....
     (Greece) and RakiRaki (alcoholic beverage)

    Raki is an anise-flavored apritif that is highly popular in Turkey and is often associated with the country....
     in TurkeyTurkey

    Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in Sou...
    .
  • In Indian cuisine, no distinction is made between anise and fennel. Therefore, the same name (saunf) is usually given to both of them. Some use the term patli (thin) saunf or velayati (foreign) saunf to distinguish anise from fennel.
  • In ThailandThailand

    The Kingdom of Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Ma...
     it is used to flavor teaTea

    Tea is the second most popular beverage in the world ....
    .
  • In PakistanPakistan

    Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is a country located in South Asia that overlaps with the Gre...
     boiling water is poured over about a tablespoon of aniseed in a teacup to make a hot teaTea

    Tea is the second most popular beverage in the world ....
    .
  • Builders of steam locomotiveSteam locomotive

    A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by steam....
    s in Britain incorporated capsules of aniseed oil into white metalWhite metal

    The white metals are any of several light-colored alloys used as a base for plated silverware, ornaments or novelties, as we...
     bearingsBushing

    Mechanical bushings are cylindrical linings to reduce friction and wear, or constrict and restrain motion of mechanical part...
    , so that the distinctive smell would give warning in case of overheating.
  • Aniseed is also the flavour of a sweetened gum called Blackjack.


Anise can be made into a liquid scent and is used for both huntingHunting

Hunting is the practice of pursuing animals to capture or kill them for food, recreation, or trade in their products....
 and fishingFishing

Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish....
. Anise smells similar to liquoriceLiquorice

Liquorice or licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted....
 and is put on fishing luresFishing lure

In terms of sport fishing, a lure is an object, often designed to resemble fish prey, equipped with one or many hooks that is used...
 to attract fishFish

A fish is a water-dwelling vertebrate with gills, that remains so throughout its life....
. AnetholeAnethole

Anethole is an aromatic compound that accounts for the distinctive "licorice" flavor of anise, fennel, and star anise....
, the principal component of anise oil, is a precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde is an organic compound and a benzaldehyde derviative....
 which is used in the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as 2C-B2C-B

h colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc">2C-B...
, 2C-I2C-I

2C-I is a psychedelic drug and phenethylamine that was developed and popularized by Alexander Shulgin....
 and DOB2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine

h colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc">DOB...
.
Anise is also the main flavor of absintheAbsinthe

Absinthe is a distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored spirit derived from herbs including the flowers and leaves of th...
 as well as being used as a flavoring for pastisPastis

Pastis is an anise-flavored liqueur and apritif from France, typically containing 40-45% alcohol by volume, although there e...
, ouzoOuzo

Ouzo is a Greek anise-flavored liqueur that is widely consumed in Greece....
, pernod, sambucaFacts About Sambuca

Sambuca is a White Elder and anise-flavoured, usually colourless liqueur....
, rakiRaki (alcoholic beverage)

Raki is an anise-flavored apritif that is highly popular in Turkey and is often associated with the country....
, BecherovkaBecherovka

Becherovka is a herbal bitter liqueur made from water from Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic, alcohol, sugar and flavored ...
, anice tutone, ChartreuseChartreuse (liqueur) Summary

Chartreuse is a French liqueur composed of distilled wine alcohol flavored with 130 herbal extracts....
 and other liqueurs. Anise has a particular effect on some dogs that parallels the effect of catnip on house cats. Some cats as well seem attracted to anise. Anise is perfectly safe for cats and dogs alike to ingest.

See also

  • Star aniseStar anise

    Star anise, or Chinese star anise, is a spice that closely resembles anise in flavor, obtained from the star-shaped pe...
  • FennelFennel

    Fennel is a species in the genus Foeniculum, and is native to southern Europe and southwestern Asia....