The
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 was a treaty signed in 1936, between the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
and the
Kingdom of EgyptThe Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egyptian state, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British government released Egypt from the Protectorate, in place since 1914. Sultan Fuad I became the first king of the new state...
, officially (but seldom) known as
The Treaty of Alliance Between His Majesty, in Respect of the United Kingdom, and His Majesty the King of Egypt. The treaty required the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
to withdraw all troops from
EgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia...
except those necessary to protect the
Suez CanalThe Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened on November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa...
and its surroundings, 10,000 troops plus auxiliary personnel.
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The
Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 was a treaty signed in 1936, between the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
and the
Kingdom of EgyptThe Kingdom of Egypt was the first modern Egyptian state, lasting from 1922 to 1953. The Kingdom was created in 1922 when the British government released Egypt from the Protectorate, in place since 1914. Sultan Fuad I became the first king of the new state...
, officially (but seldom) known as
The Treaty of Alliance Between His Majesty, in Respect of the United Kingdom, and His Majesty the King of Egypt. The treaty required the
United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
to withdraw all troops from
EgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia...
except those necessary to protect the
Suez CanalThe Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened on November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa...
and its surroundings, 10,000 troops plus auxiliary personnel. The UK would also supply and train Egypt's army and assist in its defense in case of war. The treaty was signed on August 26 in
Zaafarana palaceThe palace is located in Cairo, Egypt. Near Abbasyia district at Khalifa Maamon road.Now it is inside the main campus of the Ain Shams University.- History :It was one of the royal palaces before becoming the administration building of Ain Shams University....
and ratified on December 22 and was to last for 20 years.
The pretext for the treaty was the
Second Italo-Abyssinian WarThe Second Italo–Abyssinian War was a brief colonial war that started in October 1935 and ended in May 1936. The war was fought between the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy and the armed forces of the Ethiopian Empire...
that started in 1935. King Farouk feared that the
ItaliansItaly , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...
would also invade Egypt. The treaty was not welcomed by nationalists like the Arab Socialist Party who wanted full independence for Egypt. It ignited a wave of anti-British and anti-
WafdWAFD is a Hot Adult Contemporary formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Webster Springs, West Virginia, serving East Central West Virginia. WAFD is owned and operated by Summit Media Broadcasting, LLC.-External links:*...
ist demonstrations. Neither did the treaty resolve the question of
SudanSudan is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and in the Arab World, and tenth largest in the world by area...
. The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1899 stated that Sudan should be jointly governed by Egypt and the UK. Despite that agreement, real power was in British hands and the 1936 treaty expressively favoured maintaining the status quo.
The new Wafd government unilaterally abrogated the treaty in 1951. Three years later, the UK agreed to withdraw their troops. The withdrawal was finalized in July 1956 and thus seen as giving Egypt full independence. On 26 July 1956 Egypt nationalized the
Suez CanalThe Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened on November 1869, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigating around Africa...
after the withdrawal of an offer by
BritainThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
and the
United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to fund the building of the
Aswan DamAswan Egypt is the city located near the first cataract of the Nile, which presented the first obstacle from the Mediterranean Sea for boats sailing on the river since antiquity...
, precipitating the
Suez CrisisThe Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, was a military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel beginning on 29 October 1956....
.
External links
- http://i-cias.com/e.o/angl_tr_egyptian.htm
- http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Canal/Treaty.html