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Andrey (Andrei) Nikoforovich Voronikhin (17 October 1759, Novoa Usolye, Perm Oblast
Perm Oblast

Until December 1, 2005, Perm Oblast was a federal subjects of Russia of Russia in Privolzhsky Federal District. According to the results of the referendum held in October 2004, Perm Oblast was merged with Komi-Permyak Okrug to form Perm Krai....
 — 21 February 1814, Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
) was a Russian
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
 and painter
Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
. As a representative of classicism
Classicism

File:Nicolas Poussin 055.jpgClassicism, in the The Arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate....
 he was also one of the founders of the monumental Russian Empire style. Born a serf of the Stroganov family, he is best known for his work on Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg.

Andrey Voronikhin was born in the village of Novoa Usolye (now Perm Krai
Perm Krai

Perm Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Okrug....
) to a family who were the serfs of count Alexander Sergeyevich Stroganov, a long time President of the Imperial Academy of Arts
Imperial Academy of Arts

The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, was opened by Count Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts in 1757....
.






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Kazannevsky
Andrey (Andrei) Nikoforovich Voronikhin (17 October 1759, Novoa Usolye, Perm Oblast
Perm Oblast

Until December 1, 2005, Perm Oblast was a federal subjects of Russia of Russia in Privolzhsky Federal District. According to the results of the referendum held in October 2004, Perm Oblast was merged with Komi-Permyak Okrug to form Perm Krai....
 — 21 February 1814, Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and a federal subjects of Russia of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea....
) was a Russian
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 architect
Architect

An architect is trained and licenced in planning and designing buildings, and participates in supervising the construction of a building. Etymologically, architect derives from the Latin architectus, itself derived from the Greek arkhitekton , i.e....
 and painter
Painting

Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . In art, the term describes both the act and the result, which is called a painting....
. As a representative of classicism
Classicism

File:Nicolas Poussin 055.jpgClassicism, in the The Arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seeks to emulate....
 he was also one of the founders of the monumental Russian Empire style. Born a serf of the Stroganov family, he is best known for his work on Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg.

Andrey Voronikhin was born in the village of Novoa Usolye (now Perm Krai
Perm Krai

Perm Krai is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Okrug....
) to a family who were the serfs of count Alexander Sergeyevich Stroganov, a long time President of the Imperial Academy of Arts
Imperial Academy of Arts

The Russian Academy of Arts, informally known as the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, was opened by Count Ivan Shuvalov under the name Academy of the Three Noblest Arts in 1757....
. It is generally believed that he was fathered by Alexander Stroganov. Voronikhin trained in painting in the workshop of Ural iconographer Gabriel Yushkova. The talents of his youth attracted Stroganov's attention, and in 1777 the count sent Voronikhin to study in Moscow. Among his teachers were Vasili Ivanovich Bazhenov
Vasili Bazhenov

Vasili Ivanovich Bazhenov was a famous Russian architect, graphic artist, architectural theorist, and teacher. He designed Pashkov House in Moscow....
 and Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov
Matvey Kazakov

Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov was a Russian Neoclassicism architect. Kazakov was one of the most influential Muscovite architects during the reign of Catherine II of Russia, completing numerous private residences, two royal palaces, two hospitals, Moscow State University, and the Kremlin Senate....
. After 1779 Voronikhin worked in Saint Petersburg.

In 1785 Voronikhin was liberated. From 1786 through 1790 he studied architecture, mechanics and mathematics in France and Switzerland.

In 1797 the artist obtained the academic title of «????????????? ????????» from the Academy of Fine Arts for the pictures «??? ????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ??????» (1793, Hermitage
Hermitage Museum

The State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest museums in the world, with 3 million works of art , and one of the oldest art gallery and museums of human history and culture in the world....
) and «??? ????????????? ????» (1797, Russian museum
Russian Museum

The State Russian Museum is the largest depository of the Russian fine art in St Petersburg.The museum was established on April 13, 1895, upon enthronement of Nicholas II of Russia to commemorate his father, Alexander III of Russia....
, Saint Petersburg). From the beginning of the 19th century he taught at the Academy of Fine Arts.

The earliest architecture of Voronikhin includes finishing the interiors of Stroganov Palace
Stroganov Palace

The Stroganov Palace is a Late Baroque palace at the intersection of the Moika River and Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The palace was built to Bartolomeo Rastrelli's designs for Count Sergei Grigoriyevich Stroganov in 1753....
 (1793). The magnificent baroque
Baroque

In the the arts, the Baroque was a Western cultural Epoch , starting roughly at the beginning of the 17th century in Rome, Italy. It was exemplified by drama and grandeur in Baroque sculpture, Baroque painting, literature, Baroque dance, and Baroque music....
 forms, proposed by Rastrelli, were replaced by Voronikhin with a strict classical order, characterized by simplicity and refinement. Furthermore, he reconstructed the interiors of the Stroganov Dacha
Dacha

Dacha is a Russian word for seasonal or year-round second homes located in the exurbs of Soviet and Russian cities. In some cases it is occupied part of the year by its owner or rented out to urban residents as a summer retreat....
 on the Black River (1795 - 1796), and also built estates in Gorodnya (1798).

The main creation of Voronikhin was Kazan Cathedral in Saint Petersburg. The construction began on 27 March 1801, and work was finished in 1811. On the occasion of renovating the temple, Voronikhin was granted a pension and the order of Saint Anne of the second degree.

A number of other works of Voronikhin were the house of the Department of the Treasury, the building of the Saint Petersburg Mining Institute
Saint Petersburg Mining Institute

The G. V. Plekhanov Saint Petersburg State Mining Institute and Technical University is Russia's oldest higher education institute devoted to engineering....
, the colonnade of the Peterhof, and palaces in Strelna
Strelna

Strelna is a historic settlement situated about halfway between Saint Petersburg and Peterhof, Russia, and overlooking the shore of the Gulf of Finland....
, Gatchina
Gatchina

Gatchina is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located 45 km south of Saint Petersburg by the road leading to Pskov....
 and Pavlovsk
Pavlovsk

Pavlovsk is a town situated in Russia, from and under jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg, just to the south of Tsarskoye Selo. It is located at , with a population of 14,960 ....
.

The architect died on 5 March 1814 in Saint Petersburg.

Voronikhin's nephew, Nikolay Ilyich Voronikhin, has been an architect based in Ryazan
Ryazan

Ryazan is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in the Central Federal District of Russia and the administrative center of Ryazan Oblast. It is on the Oka River south-east of Moscow....
. He inherited Andrey Voronikhin's archive; Ascension Cathedral in Kasimov
Kasimov

Kasimov is a town in Ryazan Oblast, Russia, the administrative center of Kasimovsky District. The town is situated on the left bank of the Oka River....
 () by Nikolay Voronikhin is remotely based on Andrey Voronikhin's unrealized draft for Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow.

Bibliography

  • ????? ?. ?., ?????????? ?????????. — ?. — ?.: ???.???. ?????????? ?? ???-??, ???-?? ? ???. ??????????, 1963
  • ????????? ?. ?., ?????? ?????????. — ?.: ????????, 1971 (?????: ?????? ?????? ??????)
  • ????? ?. ?., ?????????? ?. ?. ?????????, ?., 1937;
  • ??????? ?.?. ?????? ????????? // ?????? ?????-??????????. XIX – ?????? XX ???? / ????. ?.?. ????????. – ???., 2000. – ?. 19-38.


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