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See also Anchusa class corvette
Anchusa class corvette

The twenty-eight Anchusa class sloops were built under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I as the final part of the larger "Flower Class", which were also referred to as the "Cabbage Class", or "Herbaceous Borders"....
, a former class of Royal Navy ships


The genus Anchusa L.
Carolus Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus was a Sweden botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern alpha taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology....
 belongs to the tribe Boragineae of the borage family (Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae

Boraginaceae Juss. 1789, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, includes a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 100 genus found worldwide....
). It includes about 40 species.

These species grow in Europe, North Africa, South Africa en Western Asia. They are introduced into the USA.

They consist of annual plant
Annual plant

An annual plant is a plant that usually germinates flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed....
s, biennial plant
Biennial plant

A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots , then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months....
s and perennial plant
Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. When used by gardeners or horticulturalists, this term applies specifically to perennial herbaceous plants....
s with the general characteristics of the borage family.






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Encyclopedia


See also Anchusa class corvette
Anchusa class corvette

The twenty-eight Anchusa class sloops were built under the Emergency War Programme for the Royal Navy in World War I as the final part of the larger "Flower Class", which were also referred to as the "Cabbage Class", or "Herbaceous Borders"....
, a former class of Royal Navy ships


The genus Anchusa L.
Carolus Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus was a Sweden botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern alpha taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology....
 belongs to the tribe Boragineae of the borage family (Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae

Boraginaceae Juss. 1789, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, includes a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 100 genus found worldwide....
). It includes about 40 species.

These species grow in Europe, North Africa, South Africa en Western Asia. They are introduced into the USA.

They consist of annual plant
Annual plant

An annual plant is a plant that usually germinates flowers and dies in one year. True annuals will only live longer than a year if they are prevented from setting seed....
s, biennial plant
Biennial plant

A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological lifecycle. In the first year the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots , then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months....
s and perennial plant
Perennial plant

A perennial plant or perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. When used by gardeners or horticulturalists, this term applies specifically to perennial herbaceous plants....
s with the general characteristics of the borage family. They are generally herbs, covered with bristly hairs. The leaves
Leaf

In botany, a leaf is an above-ground plant Organ specialized for photosynthesis. For this purpose, a leaf is typically flat and thin, to expose the cells containing chloroplast to light over a broad area, and to allow light to penetrate fully into the tissues....
 are simple or undulate, covered with stiff hairs.

The small radially symmetrical flower
Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproduction structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to mediate the union of male sperm with female ovum in order to produce seeds....
s are sapphire blue and retain their color a long time. The plants show numerous flowers with 5 sepal
Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Sepals in a "typical" flower are green and lie under the more conspicuous petals. As a collective unit the sepals are called the Wiktionary:calyx, and the collection of petals is called the Wiktionary:corolla....
s, united at their bases, and 5 petal
Petal

A petal is one member or part of the Corolla of a flower. The corolla is the name for all of the petals of a flower; the inner perianth whorl, term used when this is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl and is used to attract pollinators based on its advertising coloration....
s forming a narrow tube facing upwards. The flowers grow in several axillary cyme
Inflorescence

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a Plant stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches....
s, simple or branched, or are clustered at the end. The flowers are much frequented by bee
Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants. Bees are a monophyly lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila....
s.

The roots of Anchusa (just like those of Alkanna
Alkanna

Alkanna is a genus of herbaceous plants including about 50 species of the family Boraginaceae, originally from Europe, the Mediterranean, and western Asia....
 and Lithospermum
Lithospermum

Lithospermum is a genus of plants belonging to the family Boraginaceae. Herbs or small shrubs, they are widely distributed except in Australasia....
) contain anchusin (or alkanet-red ), a red-brown resin
Resin

Resin is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly Pinophyta. It is valued for its chemical constituents and uses, such as varnishes and adhesives, as an important source of raw materials for organic synthesis, or for incense and perfume....
oid coloring matter. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
, chloroform
Chloroform

Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane and methyl trichloride, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CarbonHydrogenChlorine3....
 and ether
Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic odor....
.

Anchusa species are used as food plants by the larva
Larva

A larva is a young form of animal with indirect developmental biology, going through or undergoing metamorphosis .The larva can look completely different from the adult form, for example, a caterpillar differs from a butterfly....
e of some Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera

Lepidoptera is an order of insect that includes moths and butterfly. It is one of the most speciose orders in the class Insecta, encompassing moths and the three superfamilies of butterfly, skipper , and Hedylidae....
 species including Coleophora onosmella
Coleophora

Coleophora is a very large genus of moths of the family Coleophoridae with around 1000 described species. The genus is represented on all continents but the majority are found in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions....
.

Taxonomy


There are four subgenera : Buglossum, Buglossoides, Buglossellum and Anchusa.

The first two form one subclade, the other two each a separate subclade. The subclade of the subgenus Anchusa (containing Anchusa capensis) is largely unresolved.

If we consider Anchusa s.l., then it includes the subgenus Limbata, which diverges markedly in its floral morphology.

The subgenera Buglossum, Buglossellum and Buglossoides clearly need new independent entities, while the subgenus Anchusa needs a narrower concept. This way taxonomy and phylogeny with respect to Anchusa can become completely analogous.

The following genera are synonyms for Anchusa : Buglossum Mill., Hormuzakia Gusul, Lycopsis L. and Phyllocara Gusul.. The genus Anchusella Bigazzi et al. is sometimes included in Anchusa.

Species


  • Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) A. DC.
  • Anchusa aggregata Lehm.
  • Anchusa arvensis
    Anchusa arvensis

    Anchusa arvensis is a plant species of the genus Anchusa. Its common names include small bugloss and annual bugloss. This is a hairy annual herb which may reach one half to one meter in height....
     (L.) M.Bieb.. : Small Bugloss, Bugloss, Annual Bugloss
    • Anchusa arvensis subsp. arvensis
  • Anchusa atlantica Ball
  • Anchusa aucheri A. DC.
  • Anchusa azurea
    Anchusa azurea

    Anchusa azurea is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Italian bugloss. It is a bristly perennial which reaches just over half a meter in height....
     P.Mill.: Italian Bugloss, Large Blue Alkanet
  • Anchusa barrelieri
    Anchusa barrelieri

    Anchusa barrelieri is a species of plant in the Boraginaceae. It is sometimes used as an ornamental plant.Notes...
     (All.) Vitman: Barrelier's bugloss
  • Anchusa caespitosa Lam.
  • Anchusa calcarea Boiss.
  • Anchusa capellii Moris
  • Anchusa capensis Thunb.: Cape Bugloss, Cape Forget-me-not
  • Anchusa cretica Miller
  • Anchusa crispa
    Anchusa crispa

    Anchusa crispa is a species of plant in the Boraginaceae family. It is found in France and Italy. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and sandy shores....
     Viv. (status vulnerable to endangered in France and Italy)
  • Anchusa davidovii Stoj.
  • Anchusa formosa sp. nov. : (Sardinia)
  • Anchusa gmelinii Ledeb.
  • Anchusa hispida Forsskål
  • Anchusa hybrida Ten.
  • Anchusa italica Retz.
  • Anchusa leptophylla Roemer & Schultes
  • A. leucantha sp. nov. (Greece)
  • Anchusa littorea Moris
  • Anchusa macedonica Degen & Dörfler : to be removed ; shows too much affinities with Gastrocotyle hispida or the related genus Cynoglottis (Selvi, F. & Bigazzi, M. - Taxon 49: 765-778. 2000)
  • Anchusa macrosyrinx Rech. fil. = synonym of A. undulata ssp. sartorii
  • Anchusa mairei Gusuleac
  • Anchusa milleri Sprengel
  • Anchusa ochroleuca M.Bieb. : Yellow Alkanet
  • Anchusa officinalis
    Anchusa officinalis

    Anchusa officinalis or Common Bugloss or Alkanet is a plant species of the genus Anchusa....
     L. : True Alkanet, Bugloss, Common Bugloss, Corn Bugloss, Field Bugloss (type species)
    • A. officinalis L. ssp. intacta (Griseb.) Selvi & Bigazz
  • Anchusa ovata Lehm.
  • Anchusa procera Besser
  • Anchusa pseudogranatensis (Br.-Bl. & Maire) Sennen & Mauricio
  • Anchusa puechii Valdés
  • Anchusa pusilla Gusuleac
  • Anchusa samothracica
  • Anchusa sartorii Gusuleac
  • Anchusa sempervirens : Evergreen Alkanet)
  • Anchusa spruneri Boiss.
  • Anchusa strigosa
  • Anchusa stylosa M.Bieb.
    • Anchusa stylosa M.Bieb. ssp. spruneri (Boiss.) Selvi & Bigazzi
  • Anchusa subglabra A. Caballero
  • Anchusa thessala
  • Anchusa tiberiadis Post
  • Anchusa undulata L.
    • Anchusa undulata subsp. granatensis (Boiss.) Valdés
    • Anchusa undulata subsp. lamprocarpa Br.-Bl. & Maire
    • Anchusa undulata subsp. viciosoi Laínz
    • Anchusa undulata ssp. sartorii (Gu ul.) Selvi & Bigazzi
  • Anchusa variegata (L.) Lehm.
  • Anchusa velenovskii (Gusuleac) Stoj.