Anaxyrus
Encyclopedia
Anaxyrus is a subgenus of true toad
s, genus Bufo
, native to North
and Central America
. Some authors have recognized Anaxyrus as a separate genus, but this makes the rest of Bufo
paraphyletic
(see Pauly et al., (2004) Evolution 58:2517–2535; Pauly et al., (2009) Herpetologica 65:115-128).
True toad
Bufonidae is the family of the true toads, members of the order Anura . They are the only family of anurans all members of which are known as "toads." The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the most widespread and well known.-Characteristics:True toads are widespread and occur...
s, genus Bufo
Bufo
Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufo is a Latin word for toad.- Description :...
, native to North
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
and Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
. Some authors have recognized Anaxyrus as a separate genus, but this makes the rest of Bufo
Bufo
Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufo is a Latin word for toad.- Description :...
paraphyletic
Paraphyly
A group of taxa is said to be paraphyletic if the group consists of all the descendants of a hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups of descendants...
(see Pauly et al., (2004) Evolution 58:2517–2535; Pauly et al., (2009) Herpetologica 65:115-128).
Species
| Binomial name | Discovered by, year | Common name |
|---|---|---|
| Bufo americanus American toad The American Toad is a common species of toad found throughout the eastern United States and Canada. It is divided into three subspecies—the Eastern American Toad , the Dwarf American Toad , and the rare Hudson Bay Toad... |
Holbrook, 1836 | American Toad |
| Bufo baxteri | Porter, 1968 | Wyoming Toad Wyoming Toad The Wyoming Toad or Baxter's Toad is an extremely rare amphibian that exists only in captivity and within Mortenson Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The Wyoming Toad was listed as an endangered species in 1984, and listed as extinct in the wild since 1991... , Baxter's Toad |
| Bufo boreas | Baird and Girard, 1852 | Western Toad, Boreal Toad |
| Bufo californicus | Camp, 1915 | Arroyo Toad, Mexican Arroyo Toad |
| Bufo canorus | Camp, 1916 | Yosemite Toad |
| Bufo cognatus Bufo cognatus The Great Plains Toad is a relatively large species of toad. It ranges from southern Alberta, throughout the midwest United States and the inland western United States into northern Mexico.... |
Say Thomas Say Thomas Say was an American naturalist, entomologist, malacologist, herpetologist and carcinologist. A taxonomist, he is often considered to be the father of descriptive entomology in the United States. He described more than 1,000 new species of beetles and over 400 species of insects of other... , 1823 |
Great Plains Toad |
| Bufo compactilis | Wiegmann, 1833 | Plateau Toad, Texas Toad |
| Bufo debilis Bufo debilis Anaxyrus debilis, also classified as Bufo debilis, is a species of toad found in the Southwestern United States in the states of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas and Texas, as well as in northern Mexico in the states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Durango and Zacatecas... |
Girard, 1854 | Green Toad |
| Bufo exsul Black toad The black toad , also known as the Inyo toad or Deep Springs black toad, is a true toad that lives only in scattered oases in the Deep Springs Valley of Inyo County, California... |
Myers, 1942 | Black Toad, Inyo Toad, Deep Springs Toad |
| Bufo fowleri Bufo fowleri Fowler's Toad is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family found in North America. It was previously considered a subspecies of Woodhouse's Toad.-Physical Description:... |
Hinckley, 1882 | Fowler's Toad |
| Bufo hemiophrys | Cope, 1886 | Canadian Toad |
| Bufo houstonensis Houston toad The Houston toad is an endangered species of amphibian that is endemic to Texas in the United States. This toad was discovered in the late 1940s and named in 1953... |
Sanders, 1953 | Houston Toad |
| Bufo kelloggi | Taylor, 1938 | Little Mexican Toad |
| Bufo mexicanus | Brocchi, 1879 | Mexican Spadefoot Toad |
| Bufo microscaphus | Cope, 1867 | Arizona Toad, Fort Mojave Toad, Southwestern Toad |
| Bufo nelsoni | Stejneger, 1893 | Amargosa Toad |
| Bufo punctatus Bufo punctatus The Red-spotted toad is a small toad species growing to 3.7 to 7.5 centimeters in length. It has a flattened head and body, and a light grey, olive or reddish brown dorsum with reddish or orange skin glands. It has a whitish or buff venter with or without faint dark spotting, and round parotoid... |
Baird and Girard, 1852 | Baird's Spotted Toad, Red-spotted Toad |
| Bufo quercicus | Holbrook, 1840 | Oak Toad |
| Bufo retiformis | Sanders and Smith, 1951 | Sonoran Green Toad |
| Bufo speciosus Bufo speciosus The Texas Toad is a species of small toad native to the United States, primarily in the state of Texas, but it ranges north into Oklahoma, west into New Mexico and south into Mexico.... |
Girard, 1854 | Texas Toad, Northern Sonora Toad |
| Bufo terrestris | Bonnaterre, 1789 | Southern Toad, Common American Toad |
| Bufo woodhousii Bufo woodhousii The Woodhouse's Toad, is a medium-sized true toad, which is native to the United States and Mexico. There are two recognized subspecies. The epithet woodhousii is in honor of the American physician and naturalist Samuel Washington Woodhouse. B... |
Girard, 1854 | Woodhouse's Toad |