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Analog (chemistry)
 
 
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For other uses, see Analog (disambiguation).
In chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, analogs or analogues are compounds
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 in which one or more individual atoms have been replaced, either with a different atom, or with a different functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
. Another use of the term in chemistry refers to a substance which is similar in structure to another substance. Analogs can sometimes cause complications when they have differing functions from the compared substance.






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For other uses, see Analog (disambiguation).
In chemistry
Chemistry

Chemistry is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions....
, analogs or analogues are compounds
Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
 in which one or more individual atoms have been replaced, either with a different atom, or with a different functional group
Functional group

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules....
. Another use of the term in chemistry refers to a substance which is similar in structure to another substance. Analogs can sometimes cause complications when they have differing functions from the compared substance. For instance, a person could have a cyanocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is an especially common vitamer of the Vitamin B12. It is the most famous vitamer of the family, because it is chemically the most air-stable, and it is the easiest to crystallize and therefore easiest to purify after it is produced by bacterial fermentation....
 (Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is a water soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood....
) deficiency, but it may not show up in a blood test
Blood test

A blood test is a medical laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick....
 if cyanocobalamin analogs are present. Pharmaceuticals are one area in which a lead compound
Lead compound

A lead compound in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharmacology or biological activity and whose chemical structure is used as a starting point for chemistry modifications in order to improve potency, selectivity, or pharmacokinetic parameters....
 found to have activity is elaborated by creating a family of analogs.

Transition state analogs are similar to the transition state
Transition state

The transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is defined as the state corresponding to the highest energy along this reaction coordinate....
 in an enzyme-catalysed reaction, but are not converted to the product themselves. Binding of transition state analogs allows scientists to learn more about the nature of enzyme catalysed reactions. Transition state analogs are often effective inhibitors of enzymes, and sometimes make effective drugs (e.g. Oseltamivir
Oseltamivir

Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug that is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of both Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus B. Like zanamivir, oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor....
). Transition state analogs are also utilized by HIV protease inhibitors in the treatment of AIDS.

See also

  • Oseltamivir
    Oseltamivir

    Oseltamivir is an antiviral drug that is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of both Influenzavirus A and Influenzavirus B. Like zanamivir, oseltamivir is a neuraminidase inhibitor....
     (Tamiflu®), an anti-influenza drug that is a transition state analog.
  • (in ).
  • Homolog
    Homology (chemistry)

    A homolog in chemistry refers to a chemical compound from a series of compounds that differ only in the number of repeated structural units . A homolog is a special case of an analog ....
    : a compound of a series differing only by repeated units.