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American Enterprise Institute



 
 
The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) is a conservative think tank
Think tank

A think tank is an organization, institute, corporation, or group that conducts research and engages in advocacy in areas such as social policy, political strategy, economy, science or technology issues, industrial or business policies, or military advice....
, founded in 1943. According to the institute its mission is "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 freedom
Freedom (political)

Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression. The members of a free society would have full dominion over their public and private lives....
 and democratic capitalism
Democratic capitalism

Democratic capitalism is an economics ideology based on a tripartite arrangement of a market-based economy based predominantly on economic incentives through free markets, a democracy polity and a Liberalism moral-cultural system which encourages Pluralism ....
 — limited government
Government

Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
, private enterprise
Private sector

In economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private profit and is not controlled by the state. By contrast, enterprises that are part of the state are part of the public sector; private, non-profit organizations are regarded as part of the voluntary sector....
, individual liberty
Liberty

Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force, is generally considered in modern time to be a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own free will....
 and responsibility, vigilant and effective defense and foreign policies
Foreign policy

A state's foreign policy, also called the international relations policy, is a set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other countries economically, politically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser extent, how the country will interact with non-state actors....
, political accountability
Accountability

Accountability is a concept in ethics with several meanings. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as Social responsibility, answerability, enforcement, blameworthiness, liability and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving....
, and open debate
Debate

Debate or debating is a formal method of interactive and representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than logical argument, which only examine the consistency from axiom, and factual argument, which only examine what is or isn't the case or rhetoric which is technique of persuasion....
". AEI is an independent, non-profit organization. It is supported primarily by grants and contributions from foundations
Foundation (charity)

A foundation is a legal categorization of nonprofit organizations. Foundations may also and often have charitable organisation. This type of nonprofit organization may either donate funds and support to other organizations, or provide the sole source of funding for their own charitable activities....
, corporations, and individuals.






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The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) is a conservative think tank
Think tank

A think tank is an organization, institute, corporation, or group that conducts research and engages in advocacy in areas such as social policy, political strategy, economy, science or technology issues, industrial or business policies, or military advice....
, founded in 1943. According to the institute its mission is "to defend the principles and improve the institutions of American
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
 freedom
Freedom (political)

Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression. The members of a free society would have full dominion over their public and private lives....
 and democratic capitalism
Democratic capitalism

Democratic capitalism is an economics ideology based on a tripartite arrangement of a market-based economy based predominantly on economic incentives through free markets, a democracy polity and a Liberalism moral-cultural system which encourages Pluralism ....
 — limited government
Government

Government is the body within any organization that has the authority to make and the power to enforce laws, regulations, or rules. Typically, the government refers to a civil government -- local, provincial, or national -- but commercial, academic, religious, or other formal organizations are also administered by governing bodies....
, private enterprise
Private sector

In economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private profit and is not controlled by the state. By contrast, enterprises that are part of the state are part of the public sector; private, non-profit organizations are regarded as part of the voluntary sector....
, individual liberty
Liberty

Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force, is generally considered in modern time to be a concept of political philosophy and identifies the condition in which an individual has the right to act according to his or her own free will....
 and responsibility, vigilant and effective defense and foreign policies
Foreign policy

A state's foreign policy, also called the international relations policy, is a set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other countries economically, politically, socially and militarily, and to a lesser extent, how the country will interact with non-state actors....
, political accountability
Accountability

Accountability is a concept in ethics with several meanings. It is often used synonymously with such concepts as Social responsibility, answerability, enforcement, blameworthiness, liability and other terms associated with the expectation of account-giving....
, and open debate
Debate

Debate or debating is a formal method of interactive and representational argument. Debate is a broader form of argument than logical argument, which only examine the consistency from axiom, and factual argument, which only examine what is or isn't the case or rhetoric which is technique of persuasion....
". AEI is an independent, non-profit organization. It is supported primarily by grants and contributions from foundations
Foundation (charity)

A foundation is a legal categorization of nonprofit organizations. Foundations may also and often have charitable organisation. This type of nonprofit organization may either donate funds and support to other organizations, or provide the sole source of funding for their own charitable activities....
, corporations, and individuals. It is located in Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the Capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790....


AEI emerged as one of the leading architects of the second Bush administration's public policy. More than twenty AEI alumni and visiting scholars and fellows served either in a Bush administration policy post or on one of the government's many panels and commissions.

Among the prominent former government officials now affiliated with AEI are former House Speaker
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. The current Speaker is Nancy Pelosi, a Democratic Party representing California's 8th congressional district....
 Newt Gingrich
Newt Gingrich

Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich is an American politician and author, who served as the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999....
, now an AEI senior fellow; former United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
United States Deputy Secretary of Defense

The United States Deputy Secretary of Defense is the second-highest ranking official in the United States Department of Defense. According to the U.S....
 Paul Wolfowitz
Paul Wolfowitz

Paul Dundes Wolfowitz is a former United States Ambassador to Indonesia, United States Deputy Secretary of Defense, and President of the World Bank....
, now an AEI visiting scholar; former U.S. ambassador to the U.N.
United States Ambassador to the United Nations

The United States Ambassador to the United Nations is the leader of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations. The position is more formally known as the "Representative of the United States to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in...
 John Bolton
John R. Bolton

John Robert Bolton , is an American conservative political figure who has been employed in several Republican Party presidential administrations....
, now an AEI senior fellow; and former chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities
National Endowment for the Humanities

The National Endowment for the Humanities is an independent federal agency of the United States established by the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act of 1965 dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities....
 (and wife of former Vice President
Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office in the United States of America created by the Constitution of the United States....
 Dick Cheney
Dick Cheney

Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney served as the List of Vice Presidents of the United States Vice President of the United States from 2001 to 2009 in the George W....
) Lynne Cheney
Lynne Cheney

Lynne Ann Vincent Cheney is the wife of former Vice President of the United States Dick Cheney, and served as the "Wife of the Vice President of the United States" from 2001 to 2009....
, a longtime AEI senior fellow.

Political stance


AEI is often cited as a right-leaning
Centre-right

The centre-right is a politics term commonly used to describe or denote individuals, political party, or organisations whose views stretch from the centrism to the right-wing on the Left-Right politics, excluding far right stances....
 counterpart to the left-leaning
Centre-left

The centre-left is a politics term commonly used to describe or denote individuals, political party or organisations whose views stretch from the centrism to the left-wing on the Left-Right politics, excluding far left stances....
 Brookings Institution
Brookings Institution

The Brookings Institution is a Non-profit organization public policy organization based in Washington, D.C. One of Washington's oldest think tanks, Brookings conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics, metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, and global economy and development....
. The two entites have sometimes collaborated: in 1998 they established the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, and in 2006 they launched the AEI-Brookings Election Reform Project.

AEI is the most prominent think tank associated with American neoconservatism
Neoconservatism

Neoconservatism is a political philosophy that emerged in the United States. Its key distinction is in international affairs, where it espouses an interventionist approach that seeks to defend what neo-conservatives deem as national interests....
, in both the domestic and international policy arenas. Irving Kristol
Irving Kristol

Irving Kristol has been dubbed the "godfather of Neoconservatism ." As the founder, editor, and contributor to various magazines, he has played an influential role in the intellectual and political culture of the last half-century....
, widely considered a father of neoconservatism, is a senior fellow at AEI.

Officers and trustees


AEI's officers are Arthur C. Brooks
Arthur C. Brooks

Arthur C. Brooks is an American social scientist and musician. He is the president of the American Enterprise Institute. Brooks is best known for his work on the junctions between culture, economics, and politics....
, president; David Gerson, executive vice president; Jason Bertsch, vice president for marketing; Henry Olsen, vice president and director of the National Research Initiative; and Danielle Pletka
Danielle Pletka

Danielle Pletka is vice president for foreign and defense policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute . Pletka researches topics related to the Middle East, South Asia, terrorism, and weapons proliferation, and is an American Enterprise Institute expert on Iraq....
, vice president for foreign and defense policy studies.

Its board is chaired by Kevin Rollins
Kevin Rollins

Kevin B. Rollins is an American businessman and philanthropist. The former President and CEO of Dell, in 2006 Rollins was named by London's CBR as the 9th Most Influential person in the Enterprise IT sector....
. Current notable trustees include:
  • Gordon Binder
    Gordon Binder

    Gordon Binder is currently managing director of Coastview Capital, LLC, and previously was chairman and CEO of Amgen. He joined Amgen in 1982, and previously had executive roles at the United Geophysical Corporation and the System Development Corporation....
    , former chairman and CEO of Amgen
    Amgen

    Amgen Inc. is an international biotechnology Corporation headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. Located in the Conejo Valley, it is one of the top corporations in the area....
  • John V. Faraci
    John V. Faraci

    John V. Faraci is the CEO of International Paper Co.He attended Denison University, received an MBA from the University of Michigan and is a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity....
    , chairman and CEO of International Paper
    International Paper

    International Paper is an American pulp and paper industry, the largest pulp and paper company in the world. It has approximately 51,500 employees....
  • Harlan Crow, chairman and CEO of Crow Holdings, the Trammell Crow
    Trammell Crow

    F. Trammell Crow was an United States property developer who created several famous projects, including Dallas Market Center, Peachtree Center , and San Francisco, California's Embarcadero Center....
     family's investment company
  • Christopher Galvin
    Christopher Galvin

    Christopher B. Galvin is the grandson of Paul Galvin and the son of Bob Galvin . From 1967 to 1973, during college, he was a part-time salesperson in the radio division of Motorola, selling police radios....
    , former CEO and chairman of Motorola
    Motorola

    Motorola, Inc. is an United States, multinational, Fortune 100, telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is a manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, also designing and selling wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers....
  • Raymond Gilmartin
    Raymond Gilmartin

    Raymond Gilmartin is a professor at Harvard Business School and a member of the board of directors at Microsoft and at General Mills. He was the President and CEO of Merck & Co, Inc....
    , retired chairman and CEO of Merck & Co.
    Merck & Co.

    Merck & Co., Inc. , also known as Merck Sharp & Dohme or MSD outside the USA and Canada, is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world....
  • William S. Stavropoulos, former chairman CEO of the Dow Chemical Company
    Dow Chemical Company

    The Dow Chemical Company is an United States multinational corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan. As of 2007, it is the second largest chemical manufacturer in the world by revenue and as of February 2009, the third-largest chemical company in the world by market capitalization ....
  • Harvey Golub
    Harvey Golub

    Harvey Golub is the Chair at the Campbell Soup Company as of January 2006. He originally aspired to be an actor, but later retracted from those ambitions....
    , retired chairman and CEO of the American Express Company
  • Roger Hertog
    Roger Hertog

    Roger Hertog is an United States businessman, financier and conservative philanthropist. Born and raised in the The Bronx, Hertog pursued a career in business....
    , former president of Sanford C. Bernstein and Company
    Sanford Bernstein

    Sanford C. Bernstein & Co., also known as Bernstein, is an American financial research firm. It is a unit of the investment management firm AllianceBernstein....
     and vice chairman of AllianceBernstein
    AllianceBernstein

    | foundation = 1967 | location = New York | key_people = Peter S. Kraus, Chairman & CEOGerald Lieberman, President and Chief Operating Officer |...
  • Bruce Kovner
    Bruce Kovner

    Bruce Stanley Kovner is an United States businessman. He is the founder and Chairman of Caxton Associates, LLC, a hedge fund that trades a global macro strategy and is considered amongst the worlds top and largest 10 hedge funds with an estimated $14 billion under management ....
    , chairman of Caxton Associates
  • Robert Pritzker
    Robert Pritzker

    Robert Pritzker is a member of the wealthy Pritzker family.His parents were Fanny Doppelt and Abram Nicholas Pritzker, and his brother was Jay Pritzker....
    , president of the Pritzker Foundation and Marmon Holdings
  • Edward B. Rust Jr.
    Edward B. Rust Jr.

    Edward B. Rust Jr. is chairman of the board and chief executive officer of State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, Bloomington, Illinois....
    , chairman and CEO of the State Farm
    State farm

    State farm can refer to:*Sovkhoz, a type of state-owned farm in the Soviet Union*Volkseigenes Gut, a type of state-owned farm in East Germany...
     Insurance Companies
  • James Q. Wilson
    James Q. Wilson

    James Q. Wilson is an American academic political scientist and an authority on public administration....
    , university professor and author


AEI has a Council of Academic Advisers, chaired by James Q. Wilson, which includes Martin Feldstein
Martin Feldstein

Martin Stuart "Marty" Feldstein is a Conservatism in the United States United States of America economics. He is currently the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and the president and CEO of the National Bureau of Economic Research ....
, Gertrude Himmelfarb
Gertrude Himmelfarb

Gertrude Himmelfarb , also known as Bea Kristol, is an United States historian who has written extensively on intellectual history, with a focus on the Victorian era, as well as on contemporary society and culture....
, R. Glenn Hubbard
Glenn Hubbard (economics)

Robert Glenn Hubbard is an United States economist. He is Dean of the Columbia University Columbia Business School, where he is also Russell L....
, William M. Landes, Sam Peltzman, George L. Priest
George L. Priest

George L. Priest is the John M. Olin Foundation of law and economics and Director of the John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Public Policy at Yale Law School....
, Jeremy A. Rabkin, Murray L. Weidenbaum, and Richard J. Zeckhauser
Richard Zeckhauser

Richard Jay Zeckhauser is an United States economist and the Frank P. Ramsey Professor of Political Economy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University....
.

Scholars and fellows


AEI lists its current scholars and fellows on its web site. A list of notable people affiliated with AEI, both past and present is available at List of American Enterprise Institute scholars and fellows
List of American Enterprise Institute scholars and fellows

The following notable persons are or have in the past been scholars, fellows, or staff members affiliated with the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research ....
.

Economics


In an op-ed published in the Washington Post, Thomas Donnelly
Thomas Donnelly

Thomas Donnelly is a research fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research . Donnelly is a writer, an analyst of military affairs and defense, national security and foreign policy and the author of AEI's National Security Outlook....
, resident fellow in foreign and defense policy studies at AEI, and Gary Schmitt
Gary Schmitt

Gary James Schmitt served as executive director and president of the New Citizenship Project. He was the executive director of the Project for the New American Century from 1998 to 2005....
, director of strategic studies at AEI, criticized what they characterized as insufficient funding for United States defense programs and military in the proposed American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

File:Official seal of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.svgFile:Barack Obama signs American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 on February 17.jpg...
. According to Donnelly and Schmitt:

Compared with infrastructure programs that require lengthy planning, design and approval processes, extending efficient, already running defense procurements would have brief, as the military says, "flash-to-bang" times. And a dollar invested in such programs would not only circulate rapidly but would also have a multiplying effect, sustaining jobs not only among prime contractors but also among their suppliers. … Substituting accounting discipline for military judgment is not just questionable strategy but incongruous when the Obama administration is furiously trying to stimulate the economy. Moreover, in ignoring defense needs, the president will be passing on an obvious route to bipartisanship — pressing social-engineering liberals and green-eyeshade conservatives alike to focus on principled stimulus spending.


Global warming


AEI staff and fellows have been critical of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a scientific intergovernmental body tasked to risk management of climate change caused by human activity....
 (IPCC), the international scientific body tasked to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activity. In February 2007, a number of sources, including the British newspaper The Guardian
The Guardian

Sorry, no overview for this topic
, reported that the AEI had sent letters to scientists offering US$10,000 plus travel expenses and additional payments, asking them to critique the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. The letters alleged that the IPCC was "resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent, and prone to summary conclusions that are poorly supported by the analytical work" and asked for essays that "thoughtfully explore the limitations of climate model outputs". According to the Guardian article, the AEI received $1.6 million in funding from ExxonMobil
ExxonMobil

The Exxon Mobil Corporation, or ExxonMobil, is an United States petroleum and natural gas corporation. It is a direct descendant of John D....
. The article further notes that former ExxonMobil CEO Lee R. Raymond is the vice-chairman of AEI's board of trustees. This story was repeated by Newsweek
Newsweek

Newsweek is an United States weekly newsmagazine published in New York City. It is distributed throughout the United States and internationally....
, which drew criticism from columnist Robert J. Samuelson
Robert J. Samuelson

Robert J. Samuelson is a contributing editor of Newsweek and Washington Post where he has written about business and economic issues since 1977....
 because "this accusation was long ago discredited, and Newsweek shouldn't have lent it respectability. (The company says it knew nothing of the global-warming grant, which involved issues of climate modeling. And its 2006 contribution to the think tank, the American Enterprise Institute, was small: $240,000 out of a $28 million budget.)"

The Guardian article was disputed both by AEI and in an editorial in the Wall Street Journal. The rebuttals claimed factual errors and distortions, noting the ExxonMobil funding was spread out over a ten-year period and totaled less than 1% of AEI's budget. The Wall Street Journal editorial stated: "AEI doesn't lobby, didn't offer money to scientists to question global warming, and the money it did pay for climate research didn't come from Exxon."

AEI denies that the organization is skeptical about global warming. Criticizing the story as part of a "climate inquisition" published in "the left-wing press", the AEI's Steven Hayward and Kenneth Green wrote in the The Weekly Standard
The Weekly Standard

The Weekly Standard is a conservatism United States opinion magazine published 48 times per year. It is owned by News Corporation and made its debut on September 16, 1995....
:

[I]t has never been true that we ignore mainstream science; and anyone who reads AEI publications closely can see that we are not "skeptics" about warming. It is possible to accept the general consensus about the existence of global warming while having valid questions about the extent of warming, the consequences of warming, and the appropriate responses. In particular, one can remain a policy skeptic, which is where we are today, along with nearly all economists.


Hayward has described efforts to reduce global warming as being "based on exaggerations and conjecture rather than science". He also has stated that "even though the leading scientific journals are thoroughly imbued with environmental correctness and reject out of hand many articles that don't conform to the party line, a study that confounds the conventional wisdom is published almost every week". Green has referred to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as "the positively silly idea of establishing global-weather control by actively managing the atmosphere's greenhouse-gas emissions", and endorsed Michael Crichton
Michael Crichton

John Michael Crichton, Doctor of Medicine , was an United States author, film producer, film director, and physician, best known for his work in the science fiction, medical fiction, and techno-thriller genres....
's novel State of Fear
State of Fear

State of Fear is a 2004 techno-thriller novel by Michael Crichton concerning eco-terrorism who attempt mass murder to support their views. The novel had an initial print run of 1.5 million copies and reached the #1 bestseller position at Amazon.com and #2 on the New York Times Best Seller list for one week in January 2005....
 for having "educated millions of readers about climate science".

Christopher DeMuth
Christopher DeMuth

Christopher C. DeMuth is an United States lawyer. He was the president of the American Enterprise Institute , a conservative think tank, from 1986 to 2008....
, former AEI president, accepts that the earth has warmed in recent decades, but states that "it's not clear why this happened" and charges that the IPCC "has tended to ignore many distinguished physicists and meteorologists whose work casts doubt on the influence of greenhouse gases on global temperature trends". AEI fellow James Glassman also disputes the prevailing scientific opinion on climate change
Scientific opinion on climate change

National and international Academy of Sciences and professional body have assessed the current scientific opinion on climate change, in particular recent global warming....
, having written numerous articles criticizing the Kyoto accords and climate science more generally for Tech Central Station. He has supported the views of U.S. Senator Jim Inhofe
Jim Inhofe

James Mountain "Jim" Inhofe is an United States politician from Oklahoma. A member of the Republican Party , he currently serves as the Senior Senator United States Senate from Oklahoma....
, an outspoken skeptic of human-caused climate change, and, like Green, cites Crichton's State of Fear
State of Fear

State of Fear is a 2004 techno-thriller novel by Michael Crichton concerning eco-terrorism who attempt mass murder to support their views. The novel had an initial print run of 1.5 million copies and reached the #1 bestseller position at Amazon.com and #2 on the New York Times Best Seller list for one week in January 2005....
, which "casts serious doubt on global warming and extremists who espouse it". Joel Schwartz, an AEI visiting fellow, states: "The Earth has indeed warmed during the last few decades and may warm further in the future. But the pattern of climate change is not consistent with the greenhouse effect being the main cause."

United States Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq

AEI asked Arizona Senator John McCain to give a policy address on how to achieve victory in Afghanistan. The 25 February, 2009 address was billed as a follow-up to the Senator's "seminal AEI address on 'Winning the War in Iraq'". Similar to his previous AEI-sponsored speech on Iraq, Senator McCain encouraged the United States to rethink its strategy, as well as to increase the number of soldiers in the country. In the speech, McCain told AEI that the U.S. cannot succeed in Afghanistan without "more than [doubling] the current size of the Afghan army to 160,000 troops," and possibly "enlarging it to 200,000." Senator McCain also commented that "We will fail in Afghanistan without a serious change in both strategy and resources."

See also


  • List of American Enterprise Institute scholars and fellows
    List of American Enterprise Institute scholars and fellows

    The following notable persons are or have in the past been scholars, fellows, or staff members affiliated with the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research ....


External links


  • ; formerly The American Enterprise (TAE) magazine
  • Benjamin Wallace-Wells, , Washington Monthly, December 2003
  • Christopher DeMuth
    Christopher DeMuth

    Christopher C. DeMuth is an United States lawyer. He was the president of the American Enterprise Institute , a conservative think tank, from 1986 to 2008....
    , , OpinionJournal.com
    OpinionJournal.com

    OpinionJournal.com was a website featuring content from the The Wall Street Journal editorial pages. It existed separately from the news content at wsj.com until January 2008, when it was merged into the main website....
    , October 11, 2007