Amanita crocea
Encyclopedia
Saffron Ringless Amanita (Amanita crocea) is a species of Amanita
widely distributed in Europe
.
(Orange-brown Ringless Amanita or Tawny Grisette) and Amanita caesarea
(Caesar's Mushroom), belonging to the Vaginatae and Caesareae sections of Amanita
genus respectively.
The inedible Tawny Grisette is a basidiomycete mushroom
located in North America
and Europe
. It was first described from Sweden
in 1821. It is easily confused with the 'Death Cap',though not as substantial. The structure is relatively flimsy and the hollow stem often breaks, even when handled very gently. It has fibers on its stalk usually.
The second similar species, the Caesar's Mushroom, is the type species
(a species to which the name of a genus is permanently linked) of the Caesareae section of the genus Amanita
. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it Boletus, a name now applied to a very different type of fungus. The word Amanita comes from Greek 'amanites' meaning mushroom and the word Caesarea comes from Latin 'caesarea' meaning caesarean, of, for, or belonging to Caesar, as this mushroom was highly valued by Roman emperors.
Amanita
The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own...
widely distributed in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
.
Description
- Cap: The cap is free of rings with the volvaVolvaThe word volva can refer to:* Völva, a pagan Norse shaman* Volva * Volva , a genus of sea snails....
and has a diameter of 5 – 10 cm, yellow-orange in colour with an apricot tinge at the centre. It expands to become flat or sometimes convex at the umboUmboUmbo may refer to:*A shield boss* umbo , at the top of some mushrooms*The Umbo of tympanic membrane - a part of the human body*Umbo is the part of a Bivalve shell which was formed when the animal was a juvenile...
, a small raised central area. - Volva: Thick, white, at least 40 – 100 mm wide, saffron orange or a little browner than that in colour in the center when fresh and paler at the margin.
- Gills: Gills are free and cream in mass (sometimes with a slight salmon or pinkish reflection, and 2 - 3± mm broad.
- Stem/Stripe:The stem or stipe is 85 - 230 x 7 – 14 mm, 10 – 15 cm long and 1 - 1.5 cm in diameter, tapering, decorated with paler fibrilFibrilFibril is a fine fiber approximately 1 nm in diameter.Cytoplasmic fibrils are observed on the protoplasmic cylinders found in most spirochetal species, although no function of the cytoplasmic fibrils has been ascribed....
s in a "flame" pattern, with the decoration later becoming orange or brown-orange (darker than the underlying stipe surface)with a membranous sack-like volvaVolvaThe word volva can refer to:* Völva, a pagan Norse shaman* Volva * Volva , a genus of sea snails....
at the base. - Spores:The white spores measure (8.0-) 9.4 - 11.8 (-18.8) x (7.5-) 8.5 - 11.0 (-16.0) µm.
Similar species
It is similar to Amanita fulvaAmanita fulva
Amanita fulva, commonly called the tawny grisette, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. It is found frequently in deciduous and coniferous forests of Europe, and possibly North America.-Taxonomy and naming:...
(Orange-brown Ringless Amanita or Tawny Grisette) and Amanita caesarea
Amanita caesarea
Amanita caesarea, commonly known in English as Caesar's Mushroom, is a highly regarded edible mushroom in the genus Amanita, native to southern Europe and North Africa. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India...
(Caesar's Mushroom), belonging to the Vaginatae and Caesareae sections of Amanita
Amanita
The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own...
genus respectively.
The inedible Tawny Grisette is a basidiomycete mushroom
Mushroom
A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi that...
located in North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
and Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. It was first described from Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
in 1821. It is easily confused with the 'Death Cap',though not as substantial. The structure is relatively flimsy and the hollow stem often breaks, even when handled very gently. It has fibers on its stalk usually.
The second similar species, the Caesar's Mushroom, is the type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
(a species to which the name of a genus is permanently linked) of the Caesareae section of the genus Amanita
Amanita
The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for about 50% on its own...
. It has a distinctive orange cap, yellow gills and stem. Similar orange-capped species occur in North America and India. It was known to and valued by the Ancient Romans, who called it Boletus, a name now applied to a very different type of fungus. The word Amanita comes from Greek 'amanites' meaning mushroom and the word Caesarea comes from Latin 'caesarea' meaning caesarean, of, for, or belonging to Caesar, as this mushroom was highly valued by Roman emperors.