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Alveolo-palatal consonant

 

 
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Alveolo-palatal consonant
 
 
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In phonetics
Phonetics

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds , and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception....
, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) consonant
Consonant

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper vocal tract, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the larynx....
s are palatalized
Palatalization

Palatalization or palatalisation generally refers to two phenomena:*As a process or the result of a process, the effect that front vowels and the palatal approximant frequently have on consonants;...
 postalveolar
Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate ....
 fricatives, articulated with the blade of the tongue
Tongue

The tongue is skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing . It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds....
 behind the alveolar ridge
Alveolar ridge

An alveolar ridge is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth....
, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate
Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum....
. They are similar to palato-alveolar and retroflex fricatives, but are laminal
Laminal consonant

A laminal consonant is a Phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue on the top....
 rather than apical
Apical consonant

An apical consonant is a Phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the apex of the tongue . This contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue ....
 or sub-apical
Sub-apical consonant

A sub-apical consonant is a consonant made by contact with the underside of the tip of the tongue. The only common sub-apical articulations are in the postalveolar consonant to palatal consonant region; these are called "retroflex consonant"....
 as the retroflex fricatives are, and are more fully palatalized than the "domed" palato-alveolar fricatives are.

Alveolo-palatal sibilants can be found in the Chinese language
Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
s such as Mandarin, Hakka, and Wu, as well as other languages of the East Asian
East Asian languages

East Asian languages describe two notional groupings of languages in East Asia and Southeast Asia Asia:* Languages which have been greatly influenced by Classical Chinese and the Written Chinese, in particular Chinese language, Japanese language, Korean language and Vietnamese language ....
 sprachbund
Sprachbund

A Sprachbund , from the German language word for ?language union?, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area or language crossroads, is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity and language contact....
, such as Japanese
Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
 and Korean
Korean language

Korean is the official language of North Korea and South Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China....
.






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Alveolopalatal Fricative
In phonetics
Phonetics

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds , and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception....
, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) consonant
Consonant

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper vocal tract, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the larynx....
s are palatalized
Palatalization

Palatalization or palatalisation generally refers to two phenomena:*As a process or the result of a process, the effect that front vowels and the palatal approximant frequently have on consonants;...
 postalveolar
Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the mouth than the alveolar consonants, which are at the ridge itself, but not as far back as the hard palate ....
 fricatives, articulated with the blade of the tongue
Tongue

The tongue is skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing . It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the upper surface of the tongue is covered in papillae and taste buds....
 behind the alveolar ridge
Alveolar ridge

An alveolar ridge is one of the two jaw ridges either on the roof of the mouth between the upper teeth and the hard palate or on the bottom of the mouth behind the lower teeth....
, and the body of the tongue raised toward the palate
Palate

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and vertebrate animals. It separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The palate is divided into two parts, the anterior bony hard palate, and the posterior fleshy soft palate or velum....
. They are similar to palato-alveolar and retroflex fricatives, but are laminal
Laminal consonant

A laminal consonant is a Phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the blade of the tongue, which is the flat top front surface just behind the tip of the tongue on the top....
 rather than apical
Apical consonant

An apical consonant is a Phone produced by obstructing the air passage with the apex of the tongue . This contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue ....
 or sub-apical
Sub-apical consonant

A sub-apical consonant is a consonant made by contact with the underside of the tip of the tongue. The only common sub-apical articulations are in the postalveolar consonant to palatal consonant region; these are called "retroflex consonant"....
 as the retroflex fricatives are, and are more fully palatalized than the "domed" palato-alveolar fricatives are.

Alveolo-palatal sibilants can be found in the Chinese language
Chinese language

Chinese or the Sinitic language is a language family consisting of language mutually unintelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the two branches of Sino-Tibetan languages of languages....
s such as Mandarin, Hakka, and Wu, as well as other languages of the East Asian
East Asian languages

East Asian languages describe two notional groupings of languages in East Asia and Southeast Asia Asia:* Languages which have been greatly influenced by Classical Chinese and the Written Chinese, in particular Chinese language, Japanese language, Korean language and Vietnamese language ....
 sprachbund
Sprachbund

A Sprachbund , from the German language word for ?language union?, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area or language crossroads, is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity and language contact....
, such as Japanese
Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
 and Korean
Korean language

Korean is the official language of North Korea and South Korea. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China....
. Alveolo-palatal sibilants are also a feature of many Slavic languages
Slavic languages

File:Slavic europe.svgThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia....
, such as Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
, Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
, and Serbian
Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
, and of North Caucasian languages
North Caucasian languages

North Caucasian languages is a blanket term for two language Language family spoken chiefly in the north Caucasus and Turkey: the Northwest Caucasian languages family and the Northeast Caucasian languages family ; the latter includes the former North-central Caucasian languages family....
, such as Abkhaz
Abkhaz language

Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian languages spoken mainly by the Abkhaz people in Georgia , Turkey, and in Abkhazia, the republic that is generally accepted as part of Georgia, but that is recognized as independent by Russia and Nicaragua....
 and Ubykh
Ubykh language

Ubykh or Ubyx is a language of the Northwest Caucasian languages, spoken by the Ubykh people up until the early 1990s.The word is derived from , its name in the Abdzakh Adyghe language language....
. Kinnauri
Kinnauri language

Kinnauri, also known as Kanauri, Kanor, Koonawur, or Kunawar is a Tibeto-Burman languages language spoken in the Kinnaur district of the Indian States and territories of India of Himachal Pradesh by approximately 49,000 native speakers....
 uses an alveolo-palatal nasal. The alveolo-palatal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 are:

IPA Description Example
Language Orthography IPA Meaning
Xsampa Sslash
 Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is s....
 Mandarin ? (xiao) [] small
Xsampa Zslash
 Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z....
 Polish
Polish language

Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
 ziolo [] herb
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate

The voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , alternatively but unofficially , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts....
 Serbian
Serbian language

name=Serbian|nativename=|pronunciation=['sr?pski?]|familycolor=Indo-European|map=|states=See below under "Official status", besides that in Croatia and as an immigrant's language spread over Central Europe and Western Europe, as well as Northern America...
 ???? (kuca) [ku] house
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

The voiced alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are , alternatively but unofficially , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is dz....
 Japanese
Japanese language

IPA: [n?iho?go] is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities. It is related to the Ryukyuan languages....
 ?? (jishin) [] earthquake
Earthquake

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are recorded with a seismometer, also known as a seismograph....


Note: The table displays only sibilants. In sinological
Sinology

Sinology in general use is the study of China and things related to China, but, especially in the American academic context, refers more strictly to the study of classical language and literature, and the philological approach....
 circles symbols for alveolo-palatal stops , nasals
Nasal consonant

A nasal consonant is produced with a lowered soft palate in the mouth, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is blocked by the tongue....
 , and liquids are used, but they often represent simple palatal or palatalized consonants, and thus are not recognized by the IPA. The "palatal" consonants of several Indigenous Australian languages are also sometimes judged closer to alveolo-palatal in their articulation.

See also


  • Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative
    Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

    The voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is s....
  • Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative
    Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative

    The voiced alveolo-palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some Speech communication languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z....
  • Place of articulation
    Place of articulation

    In articulatory phonetics, the place of articulation of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active articulator and a passive articulator ....
  • List of phonetics topics
    List of phonetics topics

    A * Acoustic phonetics* Active articulator* Affricate* Airstream mechanism* Alfred C. Gimson* Allophone* Alveolar approximant* Alveolar consonant...