Alternanthera mosaic virus

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Alternanthera mosaic virus

Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. AltMV belongs to the virus genus Potexvirus
Potexvirus

Potexvirus is a genus of plant pathogenic viruses, belonging to the family Flexiviridae. Transmission occurs mechanically, with viruses in this genus causing mosaic and ringspot symptoms....
and the virus family Flexiviridae
Flexiviridae

The Flexiviridae are a family of viruses. The viruses are filamentous and named for being highly flexible. This family was described in the literature in 2004 after being approved as a new Family by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses based on Molecular phylogeny of proteins ....
.

AltMV was first identified in 1999 in Queensland, Australia . The virus was found in Alternanthera
Alternanthera

Alternanthera is a genus of approximately 80 herbaceous plant species in Amaranthaceae, the amaranth family. It is a widespread genus with a cosmopolitan distribution....
pugens (Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae

The flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth family, contains about 160 genera and 2,400 species. Most of these species are herbs or shrubs; very few are trees or climbers....
), a weed found in both the southern USA and Australia. Since then, AltMV has been identified in various ornamental plants in Italy , the United States (Maryland and Pennsylvania , Florida , and New York ), and Brazil .

This virus has a close serological relationship (ELISA

ELISA

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Encyclopedia

ELISA

Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, also called ELISA, Enzyme ImmunoAssay or EIA, is a biochemistry technique used mainly in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample....
/antiserum to the capsid protein) with another well known Potexvirus called Papaya mosaic virus
Papaya mosaic virus

Papaya mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Flexiviridae. PapMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 530 nm in length....
(PayMV). This relationship had led to several examples of misdiagnosis in the past . Sequencing has shown that the core region of the capsid protein is only 79.8% identical to PayMV at the nucleotide level [1]. Isolates of AltMV have shown a 93-99% nucleotide identity to the original Australian isolate [2,3,4].

Host range and symptoms

This virus had been diagnosed in several ornamental plants since its discovery in 1999. These include moss rose (Portulaca gradiflora), phlox (Phlox stolonifera
Phlox stolonifera

Phlox stolonifera is a flowering plant in the genus Phlox.It is native to the eastern United States in forests in the Appalachian Mountains from Pennsylvania south to northern Georgia ....
), skullcap (Scutellaria
Scutellaria

Scutellaria is a genus of about 300 species of plants commonly known as skullcaps....
spp), firecracker plant (Crossandra infudibuliformis), angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia), Torenia
Torenia

Torenia is a genus of plants in the snapdragon family, Scrophulariaceae or also classified in Linderniaceae by some authors. Often called Wishbone flowers, some species are grown as garden plants....
spp, Helichrysum spp., and Salvia splendens. Three of these (Angelonia, Salvia and Torenia spp) showed no obvious symptoms.

Host range studies showed this virus can also systemically infect tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum), faba beans (Vicia faba
Vicia faba

Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Faba Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean or Tic Bean is a species of legume native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere....
), sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), and Zinnias (Zinnia elegans). Some cultivar

Cultivar

A cultivar is a cultivated plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics; it is usually distinct from similar plants and when Plant propagation it retains those characteristics....
s of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), and black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculata) also became systemically infected. Many of these plants showed mild symptoms or were asymptomatic. The virus does not seem to infect papaya (Carica papaya).

Transmission

Like other members of the potexvirus genus, this virus is not known to have a specific insect vector. These viruses occur in high concentration in their hosts and are transmitted easily by mechanical means (tools, leaf contact etc). International trade of ornamental plants propagated by infected cuttings can and probably has spread the disease worldwide.

External links

(Scutellaria spp).