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In U.S. law, an alien is "any person not a citizen or national of the United States." The U.S. Government's use of alien dates back to 1798, when it was used in the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien and Sedition Acts

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798. They were signed into law by President John Adams, and the Federalist Party in the United States Congress?who were waging an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War....
. U.S. law makes a clear distinction between aliens and immigrants by defining immigrants as a subset of aliens. Although U.S. law provides no overarching explicit definition of the term "illegal alien," the term is used in many statutes and elsewhere (e.g., court cases, executive orders).






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In U.S. law, an alien is "any person not a citizen or national of the United States." The U.S. Government's use of alien dates back to 1798, when it was used in the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien and Sedition Acts

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798. They were signed into law by President John Adams, and the Federalist Party in the United States Congress?who were waging an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War....
. U.S. law makes a clear distinction between aliens and immigrants by defining immigrants as a subset of aliens. Although U.S. law provides no overarching explicit definition of the term "illegal alien," the term is used in many statutes and elsewhere (e.g., court cases, executive orders). U.S. law also uses the term "unauthorized alien."

U.S. immigration laws do not refer to illegal immigrants, but in common parlance the term "illegal immigrant" is often used to refer to any illegal alien.

Categorization


Types of "alien" persons are:
  • An alien who is legally permitted to remain in a country which is foreign to him or her. On specified terms, this kind of alien may be called a legal alien of that country.
  • An alien who has temporary or permanent residence in a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a resident alien of that country.
  • An alien who is visiting a country (which is foreign to him/her) may be called a nonresident alien of that country.
  • An alien who is present in a country (which is foreign to him/her) unlawfully or without the country's authorization may be called an illegal alien of that country.
  • An enemy alien
    Enemy alien

    In law an enemy alien is a citizen of a country which is in a state of conflict with the land in which he or she is located. Usually, but not always, the countries are in a state of declared war....
     is an alien who is designated as an enemy; compare to enemy combatant
    Enemy combatant

    Enemy combatant is a term historically referring to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war. Prior to 2008, the definition was: "Any person in an armed conflict who could be properly detained under the laws and customs of war." In the case of a civil war or an insurrection the term "enemy state" may be repl...
    .


Other jurisdictions

  • In Latvian passports
    Latvian passport

    Latvian passports are issued to citizens of Latvia to facilitate international travel if needed, and are obligatory when a person turns 16. For traveling inside the European Union, Latvian citizens can use their ID card....
    , alien is used for non-citizens
    Non-citizens (Latvia)

    Non-citizens or Alien in Latvian law are individuals who are not citizens of Latvia or any other country but, who, in accordance with the Latvian law "Regarding the status of citizens of the former USSR who possess neither Latvian nor other citizenship", have the right to a non-citizen passport issued by the Latvian government as well...
     (nepilsoni): former citizens of USSR
    Soviet Union

    The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
     who have specific rights and privileges under Latvian law and international bilateral treaties while not possessing full Latvian citizenship.


See also

  • Citizen
  • Corporation
    Corporation

    A corporation is a legal entity separate from the persons that form it. It is a legal entity owned by individual stockholders. In British tradition it is the term designating a body corporate, where it can be either a corporation sole or a corporation aggregate ....
  • Dual citizen
  • Immigration
    Immigration

    While the movement of people has thought throughout history at various levels, modern immigration tourism are considered non-immigrants . Immigration that violates the immigration laws of the destination country is termed illegal immigration or undocumented immigration....
  • Naturalization
    Naturalization

    Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship or nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born....
  • Gaikokujin
  • California Alien Land Law of 1913
    California Alien Land Law of 1913

    The California Alien Land Law of 1913 prohibits "aliens ineligible for citizenship" from owning land or property, but permits three year leases....
  • Alien and Sedition Acts
    Alien and Sedition Acts

    The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798. They were signed into law by President John Adams, and the Federalist Party in the United States Congress?who were waging an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War....
  • Non-citizens (Latvia)
    Non-citizens (Latvia)

    Non-citizens or Alien in Latvian law are individuals who are not citizens of Latvia or any other country but, who, in accordance with the Latvian law "Regarding the status of citizens of the former USSR who possess neither Latvian nor other citizenship", have the right to a non-citizen passport issued by the Latvian government as well...


External links

  • D. C. Earnest , 2003
  • University of Minnesota
    University of Minnesota

    The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is a public university research university located in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, Minnesota, United States....
     Human Rights Center: , 2003
  • Council of Europe
    Council of Europe

    The Council of Europe is the oldest international organisation working towards European integration, having been founded in 1949. It has a particular emphasis on legal standards, human rights, democracy development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation....
     Commission for Democracy through Law , 2007