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Alicyclic compound
 
 
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An alicyclic compound is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 that is both aliphatic and cyclic
Cyclic compound

In organic chemistry, a cyclic compound is a chemical compound in which a series of carbon atoms are connected to form a loop or ring. Benzene is a well known example....
. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated
Saturation (chemistry)

In chemistry, saturation has five different meanings:#In physical chemistry, saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance and additional amounts of it will appear as a Precipitation ....
 or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic
Aromaticity

Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated system ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone....
 character. Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached.

Simple alicyclic compounds are the cycloalkane
Cycloalkane

Cycloalkanes are types of alkanes which have one or more rings of carbon atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules. Alkanes are types of Organic compound hydrocarbon Chemical compound which have only single chemical bonds in their chemical structure....
s cyclopropane
Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms....
, cyclobutane
Cyclobutane

Cyclobutane, C4H8, with a molecular mass of 56.107g/mol, is a four carbon alkane in which all the carbon atoms are arranged cyclically, hence cyclobutane....
 and cyclohexane
Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon....
.






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Cyclopropane
An alicyclic compound is an organic compound
Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
 that is both aliphatic and cyclic
Cyclic compound

In organic chemistry, a cyclic compound is a chemical compound in which a series of carbon atoms are connected to form a loop or ring. Benzene is a well known example....
. They contain one or more all-carbon rings which may be either saturated
Saturation (chemistry)

In chemistry, saturation has five different meanings:#In physical chemistry, saturation is the point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance and additional amounts of it will appear as a Precipitation ....
 or unsaturated, but do not have aromatic
Aromaticity

Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated system ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone....
 character. Alicyclic compounds may or may not have aliphatic side chains attached.

Simple alicyclic compounds are the cycloalkane
Cycloalkane

Cycloalkanes are types of alkanes which have one or more rings of carbon atoms in the chemical structure of their molecules. Alkanes are types of Organic compound hydrocarbon Chemical compound which have only single chemical bonds in their chemical structure....
s cyclopropane
Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a cycloalkane molecule with the molecular formula C3H6, consisting of three carbon atoms linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms....
, cyclobutane
Cyclobutane

Cyclobutane, C4H8, with a molecular mass of 56.107g/mol, is a four carbon alkane in which all the carbon atoms are arranged cyclically, hence cyclobutane....
 and cyclohexane
Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula Carbon6Hydrogen12. Cyclohexane is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon....
. A polycyclic cycloalkane is decalin. Bicyclic alkanes are norbornene
Norbornene

Norbornene or norbornylene or norcamphene is a bridged cyclic hydrocarbon. It is a white solid with a pungent sour odor. The molecule consists of a cyclohexene ring bridged with a methylene group in the arene substitution patterns....
 and norbornadiene
Norbornadiene

Norbornadiene is a bicyclic hydrocarbon. The molecule can be envisioned as a 1,4-cyclohexadiene bridged in the aromatic para position positions by a methylene group....
. Spiro compound
Spiro compound

A spiro compound is a bicyclic organic compound with rings connected through just one atom. The rings can be different in nature or identical. The connecting atom is also called the spiroatom, most often a quaternary carbon ....
s have bicyclic connected through one carbon atom.

The mode of ring-closing in the formation of many alicyclic compounds can be predicted by Baldwin's rules
Baldwin's rules

Baldwin's Rules in organic chemistry are a series of guidelines outlining the relative favourabilities of ring closure reactions in alicyclic compounds....
.

An exocyclic group is always placed outside the ring structure, take for instance the exocyclic double bond on the left:

Exocyclic



See for an example isotoluene
Isotoluene

The Isotoluenes in organic chemistry are the non-aromatic toluene isomers with an exocyclic double bond. They are of some academic interest in relation to aromaticity and isomerization mechanisms...
.

Cycloalkenes

Cyclohexene
Monocyclic cycloalkene
Cycloalkene

A cycloalkene or cycloolefin is a type of alkene hydrocarbon which contains a closed ring of carbon atoms, but has no aromaticity character....
s are cyclobutene
Cyclobutene

Cyclobutene is a cycloalkene with chemical formula 46 and CAS number 822-35-5. It is used in chemical industry as a monomer for synthesis of some polymers and for a range of chemical syntheses....
, cyclopropene
Cyclopropene

Cyclopropene is an organic compound with the chemical formula 34. It is the simplest isolable cycloalkene. It has a triangle structure....
 and cyclohexene
Cyclohexene

Cyclohexene is a colorless clear liquid cycloalkene with an intense aversive characteristic sharp smell reminiscent of an oil refinery.It is not very stable upon long term storage with exposure to light and air and should be distilled before use to eliminate organic peroxide....
.

The placement of double bonds in many alicyclic compounds can be predicted with Bredt's rule
Bredt's Rule

Bredt's rule is an empirical observation in organic chemistry that states that a double bond cannot be placed at the bridgehead of a bridged ring system, unless the rings are large enough....
.