Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

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Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

Saint Alexius (??????? or Aleksij in Russian

Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
) (before 1296 – 1378) was Metropolitan

Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis ; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital....
of Kiev

Kiev

Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
and all Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
(since 1354), and presided over the Moscow government during Dmitrii Donskoi's minority.

Alexius, whose name at birth was Elephtherios, was a son of Fyodor (Theodore) Biakont, a boyar

Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
from Chernigov who settled in Moscow and founded the great Pleshcheev boyar family. He took monastic vows at the Epiphany Monastery

Epiphany Monastery

The Epiphany Monastery is the oldest male monastery in Moscow, situated in the Kitai gorod, just one block away from the Moscow Kremlin.According to a legend, it was founded by Daniel of Russia, the first prince of Moscow, around 1296....
of Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
around 1313, at which time he was given the religious name

Religious Name

A religious name is a type of given name bestowed for a religious purpose, and which is generally used in religious contexts. Different types of religious names may be in use among the clergy of a religion, as well in some cases among the laity....
of Alexius.

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Saint Alexius (??????? or Aleksij in Russian

Russian language

Metropolitan bishop

Kiev

Kiev, also known as Kyiv , is the Capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River....
and all Russia

Russia

Boyar

Epiphany Monastery

Moscow

Religious Name

Theognostus

Theognostus , Metropolitan archbishop of Kiev and All Rus.Theognostus was born in Constantinople and later in his life became Metropolitan Peter's successor as Metropolitan of Kiev and All Rus....
. In 1340, Alexius was appointed the Metropolitan's deputy in Vladimir

Vladimir

Vladimir is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, located on the Klyazma River, to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway . It is the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast....
and twelve years later was consecrated as Bishop

Bishop

A bishop is an ordination or consecration member of the Clergy#Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight....
of Vladimir.

By the will of Symeon the Proud, Alexius was appointed adviser to his brothers - Ivan

Ivan II of Russia

Ivan II Ivanovich the Fair was the second son of Ivan Kalita who succeeded his brother Semeon of Russia, who died of the Black Death, as Grand Duchy of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir in 1353....
and Andrew. After visiting Constantinople

Constantinople

Constantinople was the empire capital of the Roman Empire , the Byzantine Empire , the Latin Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . Strategically located between the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara at the point where Europe meets Asia, Byzantine Constantinople had been the capital of a Christendom empire, successor to ancient ancient Greece...
, he was chosen to become the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia in 1354. When Dmitrii Donskoi and Vladimir the Bold

Vladimir the Bold

Vladimir Andreyevich the Bold was the most famous prince of Serpukhov. His moniker alludes to his many military exploits committed in the wars waged by his cousin, Dmitri Donskoi of Moscow....
were young, Alexius was their spiritual tutor

Tutor

In British, Australian, New Zealand, Italian, and some Canadian university, a tutor is often but not always a postgraduate student or a lecturer assigned to conduct a seminar for undergraduate students, often known as a tutorial....
and served as regent

Regent

A regent, from the Latin regens "reigning", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present or debilitated....
at the same time. He took the side of Dmitrii Donskoi in his struggle against Tver

Tver

Tver is a types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. Population: 405,500 ; 408,903 . Tver was formerly the capital of a powerful medieval state and a model provincial town in Imperial Russia with population of 60,000 on...
and Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest types of inhabited localities in Russia in Russia, ranking after Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Novosibirsk....
, where he once sent St. Sergius of Radonezh

Sergius of Radonezh

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ?also translated as Sergey Radonezhsky or Serge of Radonezh was a spiritual leader and monk reformer of medieval Russia....
to suspend divine service in churches and monasteries, until the political strife was over.

In 1357, Alexius was summoned by Jani Beg

Jani Beg

Jani Beg was a Khan of the Golden Horde from 1342-1357, succeeding his father Uzbeg Khan.After putting two of his brothers to death, Jani Beg crowned himself in Saray-J?k....
, the Khan of the Golden Horde

Golden Horde

The Golden Horde is a East-Slavic designation for the Mongol?later Turkic languages?Muslim khanate established in the western part of the Mongol Empire after the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the 1240s: present-day Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and the Caucasus....
, to cure his wife from blindness. The metropolitan's success is held to have prevented a Tatar raid on Moscow.

In 1360s, Alexius founded the Andronikov, Chudov

Chudov Monastery

The Chudov Monastery was founded in the Moscow Kremlin in 1358 by metropolitan bishop Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow. The monastery was dedicated to the miracle of the Archangel Michael at Chonae ....
, and Alekseyevsky monasteries. He promoted Metropolitan Peter

Metropolitan Peter

Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia was the Russian metropolitan bishop who moved his Episcopal see from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325....
's canonization

Canonization

Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a saint and is included in the canon, or list, of recognized saints....
by the Russian Orthodox Church

Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church ; or The Moscow Patriarchate , also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christianity who constitute an Autocephaly Eastern Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, in full communion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches....
. Shortly before his death, Alexius fruitlessly tried to convince Sergius of Radonezh

Sergius of Radonezh

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ?also translated as Sergey Radonezhsky or Serge of Radonezh was a spiritual leader and monk reformer of medieval Russia....
to become his successor

Successor

A successor can refer to* Someone who, or something which succeeds or comes after .In mathematics:* A successor cardinal.* A successor ordinal....
.

Alexius was also an author of a number of sermon

Sermon

A sermon is an public speaking by a prophet or member of the clergy. Sermons address a Bible, Theology, Religion, or Morality topic, usually expounding on a type of belief, law or Human behavior within both past and present contexts....
s and epistle

Epistle

An epistle is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually a Letter and a very formal, often didactic and elegant one. The letters in the New Testament from Twelve apostles to Christians are usually referred to as epistles....
s. He was glorified

Canonization

Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a saint and is included in the canon, or list, of recognized saints....
(canonized) by the Russian Orthodox Church

Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church ; or The Moscow Patriarchate , also known as the Orthodox Christian Church of Russia, is a body of Christianity who constitute an Autocephaly Eastern Orthodox Church under the jurisdiction of the List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, in full communion with the other Eastern Orthodox Churches....
in 1448 and has been revered as one of the patron saint

Patron saint

A patron saint is a saint who is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Patron saints, because they have already transcended to the metaphysical, are able to intercede effectively for the needs of their special charges....
s of Moscow. His relic

Relic

A relic is an object or a personal item of Religion significance, carefully preserved with an air of veneration as a tangible memorial. Relics are an important aspect of some forms of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, shamanism, and many other religions....
s were venerated in the Chudov Monastery that he had founded.

Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

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