Alexandre-Achille Souques (February 6, 1860 - 1944) was a French neurologist

Neurologist

A neurologist is a physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders.Neurology is the medical specialty related to the human nervous system. The nervous system encompasses the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. A specialist...

 who was a native of Comprégnac

Comprégnac

Comprégnac is a commune in the Aveyron department in southern France.The village of Peyre is part of the commune of Comprégnac. It belongs to The most beautiful villages of France association.-Population:-References:*...

 in the département Aveyron

Aveyron

Aveyron is a département in southern France named after the Aveyron River.- History :Aveyron is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790....

.

Souques studied medicine in Paris

Paris

Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...

, where in 1886 he became an interne and in 1891 earned his medical doctorate. Afterwards he worked as médecin des hôpitaux (Hospice de la Salpêtrière), and in 1918 became a member of the Académie de Médecine. With Joseph Babinski

Joseph Babinski

Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski was a French neurologist of Polish descent. He is best known for his 1896 description of the Babinski sign, a pathological plantar reflex indicative of corticospinal tract damage....

 (1857-1932) and others he was a founding member of the Societé de Neurologie de Paris.

Souques is remembered for his extensive research of Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. The underlying causes of parkinsonism are numerous, and diagnosis can be complex...

, and in a 1921 treatise titled Rapport sur les syndromes parkinsoniens, he documented the importance of encephalitis lethargica

Encephalitis lethargica

Encephalitis lethargica or von Economo disease is an atypical form of encephalitis. Also known as "sleepy sickness" , it was first described by the neurologist Constantin von Economo in 1917. The disease attacks the brain, leaving some victims in a statue-like condition, speechless and motionless...

 as a cause of Parkinsonism. With his mentor Jean-Martin Charcot

Jean-Martin Charcot

Jean-Martin Charcot was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. He is known as "the founder of modern neurology" and is "associated with at least 15 medical eponyms", including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...

 (1825-1893) he described the eponymous "Souques-Charcot geroderma", which is a variant of Hutchinson-Gilford disease

Progeria

Progeria is an extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age. The word progeria comes from the Greek words "pro" , meaning "before", and "géras" , meaning "old age"...

. Souques is also credited with introducing the term "camptocormia

Camptocormia

Camptocormia is a medical condition that is characterized by forward flexion of the spine, which is noticeable when standing or walking but disappears when lying down...

" to describe an abnormal forward-flexed posture.

• Associated eponym:
• Souques' sign: Involuntary extension and spreading of the fingers when the paretic
  Paresis
  Paresis is a condition typified by partial loss of voluntary movement or by impaired movement. When used without qualifiers, it usually refers to the limbs, but it also can be used to describe the muscles of the eyes , the stomach , and also the vocal cords...
  
  arm of patient is raised and extended.