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Advice (constitutional)

 

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Advice (constitutional)



 
 
Advice, in constitutional law
Constitutional law

Constitutional law is the study of foundational or basic laws of nation states and other political organizations.Constitutions are the framework for government and may limit or define the authority and procedure of political bodies to execute new laws and regulations....
, is formal, usually binding instruction given by one constitutional officer of state to another. Heads of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
, in particular, often act on the basis of advice issued by prime ministers
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
 or other government ministers. For example, Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
 formally appoints her British ministers
Minister of the Crown

Minister of the Crown is the formal constitutional term used in the Commonwealth realms to describe a Minister to the reigning sovereign. The term indicates that the minister serves in theory At Her Majesty's Pleasure, and advises the monarch, or viceroy, on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relative to the minister's department or...
 on the advice of the British Prime Minister
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the head of government Her Majesty's Government....
.

Among the most prominent forms of advice offered are:

Although most advice is binding, in comparatively rare instances it is not.






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Advice, in constitutional law
Constitutional law

Constitutional law is the study of foundational or basic laws of nation states and other political organizations.Constitutions are the framework for government and may limit or define the authority and procedure of political bodies to execute new laws and regulations....
, is formal, usually binding instruction given by one constitutional officer of state to another. Heads of state
Head of State

Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchic or republican nation-state, federation, commonwealth or any other political state....
, in particular, often act on the basis of advice issued by prime ministers
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
 or other government ministers. For example, Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom

Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known as the Commonwealth realms: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monarchy of Canada, Monarchy of Australia, Monarchy of New Zealand, Monarchy of Jamaica, Monarchy of Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Monarchy of the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Sain...
 formally appoints her British ministers
Minister of the Crown

Minister of the Crown is the formal constitutional term used in the Commonwealth realms to describe a Minister to the reigning sovereign. The term indicates that the minister serves in theory At Her Majesty's Pleasure, and advises the monarch, or viceroy, on how to exercise the Crown prerogatives relative to the minister's department or...
 on the advice of the British Prime Minister
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the head of government Her Majesty's Government....
.

Among the most prominent forms of advice offered are:
  • Advice to formally dissolve parliament
    Parliament

    A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom....
    .
  • Advice to deliver formal statements, such as a Speech from the throne
    Speech from the Throne

    A speech from the throne is an event in certain monarchies in which the monarch reads a prepared speech to a complete session of parliament, outlining the government's agenda for the coming year....
    .


Although most advice is binding, in comparatively rare instances it is not. For example, many heads of state may choose not to follow advice on a dissolution of parliament where the government has lost the confidence of that body. In some cases, whether the advice is mandatory or truly just advisory depends on the context and authority of the person offering it. Hence the President of Ireland
President of Ireland

The President of Ireland is the head of state of Republic of Ireland. The President is usually directly elected by the people for seven years, and can be elected for a maximum of two terms....
 ordinarily is obliged to dissolve Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann

is the principal chamber of the Oireachtas . It is directly elected at least once in every five years under the system of proportional representation by means of the Single Transferable Vote ....
 (the House of Representatives) when advised to do so by the Taoiseach
Taoiseach

The Taoiseach The Taoiseach is appointed by the President of Ireland upon the nomination of D?il ?ireann , and must, while he remains in office, retain the support of a majority in the D?il....
 (prime minister). However, where a taoiseach has (in the words of the Irish Constitution) "ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann" (i.e., lost the confidence of parliament) the President has the option of refusing to follow that advice.

See also

  • advice and consent
    Advice and consent

    Advice and consent is an English phrase frequently used in List of enacting formulae of bill s and in other legal or constitutional contexts, describing a situation in which the executive branch of a government enacts something previously approved of by the legislative branch....
  • King-Byng Affair
    King-Byng Affair

    The King-Byng Affair was a Constitution of Canada constitutional crisis that occurred in 1926 when the Governor General of Canada, Julian H.G. Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, refused a request by the Prime Minister of Canada, William Lyon Mackenzie King, to dissolve parliament and call a general election....


Footnotes