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Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel

 

 
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Adolf Abraham Halevi Fraenkel
 
 
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Abraham Halevi (Adolf) Fraenkel (; February 17 1891 Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 – October 15 1965 Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
, Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
), known as Abraham Fraenkel, was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i mathematician
Mathematician

A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
 born in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.

nkel studied mathematics at the University of Munich, University of Berlin, University of Marburg and University of Breslau; after graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
 in 1922.

After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel
University of Kiel

The University of Kiel is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and has approximately 23,000 students today....
 for a year.






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Abraham Halevi (Adolf) Fraenkel (; February 17 1891 Munich
Munich

Munich is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Munich is located on the River Isar north of the Northern Limestone Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg....
, Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
 – October 15 1965 Jerusalem
Jerusalem

Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included....
, Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
), known as Abraham Fraenkel, was an Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
i mathematician
Mathematician

A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and/or research is the field of mathematics....
 born in Germany
Germany

Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
.

Life

Fraenkel studied mathematics at the University of Munich, University of Berlin, University of Marburg and University of Breslau; after graduating, he lectured at the University of Marburg from 1916, and was promoted to professor
Professor

The meaning of the word professor varies. In some English-speaking countries, it refers to a senior academic who holds a departmental chair, especially as head of the Academic department, or a personal chair awarded specifically to that individual....
 in 1922.

After leaving Marburg in 1928, Fraenkel taught at the University of Kiel
University of Kiel

The University of Kiel is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and has approximately 23,000 students today....
 for a year. He then made the fateful choice of accepting a position at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel's oldest university.The First Board of Governors included Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Martin Buber, and Chaim Weizmann....
, which had been founded four years earlier, where he spent the rest of his career. He became the first Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics, and for a while served as Rector of the University.

Fraenkel was a fervent Zionist and as such was a member of Vaad Leumi
Vaad Leumi

The Jewish National Council , also known as the Jewish People's Council was the main national institution of the Jewish community within the British Mandate of Palestine....
, the executive committee of the Palestinian Jewish National Assembly under the British mandate. He also belonged to the Merkaz Ruhani religious wing of Zionism, which promoted Jewish religious education and schools, and which advocated giving the Chief Rabbinate authority over marriage and divorce.

Mathematician

Fraenkel's first work was on Hensel
Hensel

Hensel is a surname and may refer to:* Abigail and Brittany Hensel * Albert Hensel* Bruce Hensel* Robert M. Hensel , Guinness World Record holder & Disability rights activist...
's p-adic number
P-adic number

In mathematics, the p-adic number systems were first described by Kurt Hensel in 1897. For each prime number p, the p-adic number system extends the ordinary arithmetic of the rational numbers in a way different from the extension of the rational number system to the real number and complex number systems....
s and on the theory
Ring theory

In mathematics, ring theory is the study of ring , algebraic structures in which addition and multiplication are defined and have similar properties to those familiar from the integers....
 of rings
Ring (mathematics)

In mathematics, a ring is a type of algebraic structure. There is some variation among mathematicians as to exactly what properties a ring is required to have, as described in detail below....
. He is best known for his work on axiomatic set theory, publishing his first major work on the topic ("Einleitung in die Mengenlehre") in 1919. In 1922 and 1925, he published two papers that sought to improve Zermelo's axiomatic system; the result is the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms. Fraenkel is the father of Israeli excellence in set theory
Set theory

Set theory is the branch of mathematics that studies Set , which are collections of objects. Although any type of object can be collected into a set, set theory is applied most often to objects that are relevant to mathematics....
 and foundational mathematics
Foundations of mathematics

Foundations of mathematics is a term sometimes used for certain fields of mathematics, such as mathematical logic, axiomatic set theory, proof theory, model theory, and recursion theory....
.

Fraenkel also was interested in the history of mathematics
Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, change, and related topics of pattern and form. Mathematicians seek out patterns whether found in numbers, space, natural science, computers, imaginary abstractions, or elsewhere....
, writing in 1920 and 1930 about Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss. was a Germans mathematician and scientist who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, statistics, mathematical analysis, Differential geometry and topology, geodesy, electrostatics, astronomy and optics....
' works in algebra
Algebra

Algebra is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of structure , relation , and quantity. Together with geometry, mathematical analysis, combinatorics, and number theory, algebra is one of the main branches of mathematics....
, and he published a biography of Georg Cantor
Georg Cantor

Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor was a Germany mathematician, born in Russia. He is best known as the creator of set theory, which has become a foundations of mathematics in mathematics....
. After retiring from the Hebrew University and being succeeded by his former student Abraham Robinson
Abraham Robinson

Abraham Robinson was a mathematician who is most widely known for development of non-standard analysis, a mathematically rigorous system whereby infinitesimal and transfinite number numbers were incorporated into mathematics....
, Fraenkel continued teaching at the Bar Ilan University in Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan

Ramat Gan is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, which borders Tel Aviv to its west. It houses Israel's Ramat Gan Stadium, Bar-Ilan University, an advanced medical center , and The National Park ....
 (near Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo , usually Tel Aviv, is the List of largest cities and second largest cities by country List of cities in Israel in Israel, with an estimated population of 390,100....
).

Bibliography

  • 1922. "The notion of 'definite' and the independence of the axiom of choice" in Jean van Heijenoort
    Jean Van Heijenoort

    Jean Louis Maxime Van Heijenoort was a pioneer historian of mathematical logic. He was also a personal secretary to Leon Trotsky from 1932 to 1939, and from then until 1947, an American Trotskyist activist....
    , 1967. From Frege to Godel: A Source Book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931. Harvard Univ. Press: 284–289.
  • 1960. Jewish mathematics and astronomy.
  • 1961. Essays on the foundations of mathematics, dedicated to A. A. Fraenkel on his seventieth anniversary. Y. Bar-Hillel, E. I. J. Poznanski, M. O. Rabin and A. Robinson, eds. Jerusalem, the Hebrew University: Magnes Press. Contains biographical essay on Fraenkel.
  • 1966 (1953). Abstract Set Theory. North Holland.
  • 1966. Set Theory and Logic. Addison-Wesley.
  • 1967. Lebenskreise: Aus den Erinnerungen eines jüdischen Mathematikers. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt.
  • 1973 (1958). (with Yehoshua Bar-Hillel
    Yehoshua Bar-Hillel

    Yehoshua Bar-Hillel was a philosopher, mathematician, and linguistics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, best known for his pioneering work in machine translation and formal linguistics....
    , Azriel Levy
    Azriel Levy

    Azriel Levy is an Israeli mathematician, logician, and a professor emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.He obtained his Ph.D. at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1958, under the supervision of Abraham Fraenkel and Abraham Robinson....
    , and Dirk van Dalen) Foundations of Set Theory. North Holland.


External links