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An addition reaction, in organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, is in its simplest terms an organic reaction
Organic reaction

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and organic redox reaction....
 where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one.

There are two main types of polar addition reactions:

Other non-polar addition reactions exists as well:

Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiply-bonded atoms:

An addition reaction is the opposite of an elimination reaction
Elimination reaction

An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism ....
. For instance the hydration reaction
Hydration reaction

In organic chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen cation are added to the two carbon atoms covalent bonded together in the carbon-carbon double bond which makes up an alkene functional group....
 of an alkene
Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an Saturation chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond....
 and the dehydration of an alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
 are addition-elimination pairs.

he related Addition-elimination reaction an addition reaction is followed by an elimination reaction
Elimination reaction

An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism ....
.






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An addition reaction, in organic chemistry
Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry is a discipline within chemistry which involves the science study of the structure, properties, composition, chemical reaction, and preparation of chemical compounds that contain carbon....
, is in its simplest terms an organic reaction
Organic reaction

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions and organic redox reaction....
 where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one.

There are two main types of polar addition reactions:
  • Electrophilic addition
    Electrophilic addition

    In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where, in a chemical compound, a pi bond is removed by the creation of two new covalent bonds....
  • Nucleophilic addition
    Nucleophilic addition

    In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where in a chemical compound a p bond is removed by the creation of two new covalent bonds by the addition of a nucleophile ....


Other non-polar addition reactions exists as well:
  • Free radical addition
    Free radical addition

    Free radical addition is an addition reaction in organic chemistry involving free radicals . The addition may occur between a radical and a non-radical, or between two radicals....


Addition reactions are limited to chemical compounds that have multiply-bonded atoms:
  • Molecules with carbon-carbon double bonds (alkene
    Alkene

    In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an Saturation chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond....
    s) or triple bonds (alkyne
    Alkyne

    Alkynes are hydrocarbons that have at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms, with the formula CnH2n-2. The alkynes are traditionally known as acetylenes or the acetylene series, although the name acetylene is also used to refer specifically to the simplest member of the series, known as e...
    s)
  • Molecules with carbon - hetero double bonds like C=O
    Carbon-oxygen bond

    A carbon-oxygen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and oxygen and one of the most abundant in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and prefers to share two electrons in bonding with carbon, leaving the remaining 4 nonbonding electrons in 2 lone pairs....
     or C=N


An addition reaction is the opposite of an elimination reaction
Elimination reaction

An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism ....
. For instance the hydration reaction
Hydration reaction

In organic chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a hydroxyl group and a hydrogen cation are added to the two carbon atoms covalent bonded together in the carbon-carbon double bond which makes up an alkene functional group....
 of an alkene
Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an Saturation chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond....
 and the dehydration of an alcohol
Alcohol

In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl Functional group is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl or substituted alkyl group....
 are addition-elimination pairs.

Addition-elimination reaction

In the related Addition-elimination reaction an addition reaction is followed by an elimination reaction
Elimination reaction

An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism ....
. In the majority of reactions it involves addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl compounds in what is called nucleophilic acyl substitution
Nucleophilic acyl substitution

Nucleophilic acyl substitution describes the substitution reaction involving nucleophiles and acyl compounds. Acyl compounds are carboxylic acid derivatives including esters, amides and acid halides....
 .

Other addition-elimination reactions are:
  • reaction of an aliphatic amine
    Amine

    Amines are organic compounds and functional groups that contain a base nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are derivative s of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic substituents such as alkyl and aryl groups....
     to an imine
    Imine

    An imine is a functional group or chemical compound containing a carbon?nitrogen double bond . Due to their diverse reactivity, imines are common substrates in a wide variety of transformations....
     and an aromatic amine to a Schiff base
    Schiff base

    A Schiff base , named after Hugo Schiff, is a functional group that contains a carbon-nitrogen double bond with the nitrogen atom connected to an aryl or alkyl group?but not hydrogen ....
     in alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution
    Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution

    Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution in organic chemistry is the organic reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines to imines . The reaction name is based on the IUPAC Nomenclature for Transformations....
  • Hydrolysis of nitrile
    Nitrile

    A nitrile is any organic compound which has a -Carbon=Nitrogen functional group. The -C=N functional group is called a nitrile group....
    s to carboxylic acid
    Carboxylic acid

    Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the Chemical formula -COH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H....
    s


See also

  • Addition reactions are applied in addition polymerization
    Addition polymerization

    Addition polymerisation, also called polyaddition or chain growth polymerisation, is a polymerisation technique where Unsaturated compound monomer molecules add on to a growing polymer chain one at a time ....
    .