Adair County, Missouri
Encyclopedia
Adair County is a county located in northeast Missouri
Missouri
Missouri is a US state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2010 population of 5,988,927, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It...

. As of 2010, the population was 25,607. Its county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 is Kirksville
Kirksville, Missouri
Kirksville is the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. It is located in Benton Township. The population was 17,505 at the 2010 census. Kirksville also anchors a micropolitan area that comprises Adair and Schuyler counties. The city is perhaps best known as the location of Truman...

. The county was organized in 1841 and is named in honor of Kentucky
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth...

 Governor
Governor of Kentucky
The Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of government in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Fifty-six men and one woman have served as Governor of Kentucky. The governor's term is four years in length; since 1992, incumbents have been able to seek re-election once...

 John Adair
John Adair
John Adair was an American pioneer, soldier and statesman. He was the eighth Governor of Kentucky and represented the state in both the U.S. House and Senate. Adair enlisted in the state militia and served in the Revolutionary War, where he was held captive by the British for a period of time...

.

Adair County is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area
Kirksville micropolitan area
The Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of two counties in Missouri, anchored by the city of Kirksville...

.

History

The first permanent settlement in Adair County began in 1828. Most of the settlers were from Kentucky. This was 25 years after the Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition by the United States of America of of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana in 1803. The U.S...

, seven years after Missouri was granted statehood, and four years after the Sac and Fox Native American tribes surrendered their claims to the land. The original settlement was called "Cabins of White Folks," or simply, "The Cabins," and was located six miles (10 km) west of present-day Kirksville along the Chariton River. The area was named after John Adair who was Governor of Kentucky
Governor of Kentucky
The Governor of the Commonwealth of Kentucky is the head of the executive branch of government in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Fifty-six men and one woman have served as Governor of Kentucky. The governor's term is four years in length; since 1992, incumbents have been able to seek re-election once...

 at the time.

The Big Neck War: In July 1829, a large party of Iowa (or Ioway) Native Americans, led by Chief Big Neck, returned to their former hunting grounds in violation of treaty. One of the Ioway's dogs killed a pig and they threatened (or insulted, according to some sources) the white women. The settlers sent messengers south to Randolph and Macon
Macon County, Missouri
Macon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of 2010, the population was 15,566. Its county seat is Macon. The county was organized in 1837 and named for Nathaniel Macon, a North Carolina politician...

 counties asking for help. Captain William Trammell responded with a party of some two dozen men to help. By the time of their arrival, the Ioways had left the area and moved upriver into what is now Schuyler County. Trammell's force, augmented by several of the men from The Cabins, pursed and engaged the Ioway at a place called Battle Creek, killing several Native Americans including Big Neck's brother, sister-in-law, and their child. The Trammell party lost three men in the skirmish, including Captain Trammell himself, and one additional casualty died of his wounds shortly afterward. Discretion being the better part of valor, the surviving whites returned to the cabins, collected the women and children, and headed south for the Randolph County settlement of Huntsville. Later, a group of militia under General John B. Clark pursued and apprehended Big Neck and his braves, capturing them in March 1830. Soon, several escaped from jail and fled to the current state of Iowa
Iowa
Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...

; however, Big Neck himself and the remainder were put on trial by a grand jury of Randolph County. The jury found on March 31, 1830, that: "After examining all the witnesses, and maturely considering the charges for which these Iowa Indians are now in confinement, we find them not guilty, and they are at once discharged." The acquittal of Big Neck seemed to have brought the war to a peaceful, if uneasy, conclusion. A few months later, white settlers returned to The Cabins, this time in greater numbers, and this time to stay permanently. The outbreak of the Blackhawk War in 1832 again caused consternation among the early settlers although all fighting was hundreds of miles away in present-day Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...

 and Wisconsin
Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is...

. To ease fears in the area, militia units were dispatched and two small forts were constructed. One, Fort Clark, was located on high ground adjacent to The Cabins. Several miles to the northeast, another detachment of troops established Fort Matson. After months of no hostile Native American activity in the Adair County area, both forts were abandoned. The site of Fort Clark is now marked by a large boulder and plaque, while the Fort Matson site was later the location for a church, name corrupted to Fort Madison (not to be confused with the Iowa city). The Fort Matson/Madison Cemetery still remains.

Public Schools

  • Adair County R-I School District - Novinger
    Novinger, Missouri
    Novinger is a city in Nineveh Township, Adair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 456 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Novinger is located at ....

    • Adair County R-I Elementary School (K-06)
    • Adair County R-I High School (07-12)
  • Adair County R-II School District - Brashear
    Brashear, Missouri
    Brashear is a city in Salt River Township, Adair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 273 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Brashear is located at...

    • Adair County R-II Elementary School (K-06)
    • Adair County R-II High School (07-12)
  • Kirksville R-III School District - Kirksville
    Kirksville, Missouri
    Kirksville is the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. It is located in Benton Township. The population was 17,505 at the 2010 census. Kirksville also anchors a micropolitan area that comprises Adair and Schuyler counties. The city is perhaps best known as the location of Truman...

    • Kirksville Primary School (PK-02)
    • Ray Miller Elementary School (03-05)
    • Kirksville Middle School (06-08)
    • Kirksville High School
      Kirksville High School
      Kirksville High School is a public high school located in Kirksville, Missouri. The school serves grades 9 through 12, and is part of the Kirksville R-III School District. Current enrollment is 827 students, with a staff of 74 teachers, paras and administrators...

       (09-12)
  • La Plata R-2 School District - La Plata
    La Plata, Missouri
    La Plata is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,366 at the 2010 census.-History:On March 17, 1827, Drury Davis established a trading post about a half-mile west of what would become La Plata. The town would develop as the intersection of north and south stagecoach...

    • La Plata R-2 Elementary School (K-06)
    • La Plata R-2 High School (07-12)

** The La Plata R-2 facilities are located in La Plata, Missouri
La Plata, Missouri
La Plata is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,366 at the 2010 census.-History:On March 17, 1827, Drury Davis established a trading post about a half-mile west of what would become La Plata. The town would develop as the intersection of north and south stagecoach...

 in northern Macon County, Missouri
Macon County, Missouri
Macon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of 2010, the population was 15,566. Its county seat is Macon. The county was organized in 1837 and named for Nathaniel Macon, a North Carolina politician...

, however the district boundaries encompass part of southern Adair County as well.

Private Schools


Post Secondary Education

  • A.T. Still University
    A.T. Still University
    A.T. Still University is the world's first osteopathic medical school. Founded in 1892 by Dr. Andrew Taylor Still , the school is based in Kirksville, Missouri, and has other campuses in Arizona...

     - (Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine campus)
  • Truman State University - Kirksville

  • Moberly Area Community College
    Moberly Area Community College
    Moberly Area Community College is a two-year college based in Moberly, Missouri, United States in addition to the main campus MACC has six off-campus sites across a large portion of Northeastern and central Missouri. The college was founded in 1927 as Moberly Junior College. In 2007 it enrolled...

     - (Kirksville campus)

Local

Adair County is governed by a three-member commission. The presiding commissioner is elected by the county voters at large. The first district and second district commissioners are voted on by the residents living in the eastern half of the county, and western half of the county respectively. Each commissioner has an equal vote in all county business. Most offices are housed in the Adair County courthouse, a structure dating from 1896 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...

. The Sheriffs office is located in the Adair County Dentention Center one block north of the courthouse, while the Prosecutors office resides in the County Annex building across from the detention center. The current elected officials are:




State

Past Gubernatorial Elections Results
Year Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...

Democratic
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...

Third Parties
Third party (United States)
The term third party is used in the United States for any and all political parties in the United States other than one of the two major parties . The term can also refer to independent politicians not affiliated with any party at all and to write-in candidates.The United States has had a...

2008
Missouri gubernatorial election, 2008
-Polling:-Results:-See also:* U.S. gubernatorial elections, 2008* Missouri gubernatorial election, 2004* Missouri Lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2008-External links:* from the Missouri Secretary of State* at Project Vote Smart...

48.03% 5,575 49.72% 5,771 2.25% 262
2004
Missouri gubernatorial election, 2004
The 2004 Missouri gubernatorial election took place on 2 November 2004 for the post of Governor of Missouri. Missouri Secretary of State Republican Matt Blunt defeated State Auditor Democrat Claire McCaskill...

62.36% 7,019 36.37% 4,094 1.27% 142
2000 53.93% 5,518 43.72% 4,473 2.35% 240
1996 34.17% 3,503 63.41% 6,501 2.42% 248


In the Missouri House of Representatives
Missouri House of Representatives
The Missouri House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 163 members, representing districts with an average size of 31,000 residents. House members are elected for two-year terms during general elections held in even-numbered years.In 1992 Missouri...

, most of Adair County is included within the 2nd Legislative District and is represented by State Representative Zachary Wyatt
Zachary Wyatt
Zachary Wyatt is a Republican member of the Missouri House of Representatives. Wyatt represents the 2nd District, encompassing Adair county, Putnam county, and a part of Sullivan county.-Personal life:...

 (R-Novinger
Novinger, Missouri
Novinger is a city in Nineveh Township, Adair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 456 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Novinger is located at ....

). A small portion of the county is included within the 1st Legislative District and is represented by State Representative Craig Redmon (R-Canton
Canton, Missouri
Canton is a city in Lewis County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,557 at the 2000 census. Canton is the site of Culver-Stockton College, a small liberal arts college affiliated with the Christian Church...

).

In the Missouri Senate
Missouri Senate
The Missouri State Senate is the upper chamber of the Missouri General Assembly. It has 34 members, representing districts with an average population of 160,000...

, Adair County is a part of Missouri's 18th Senatorial District and is currently represented by State Senator Brian Munzlinger
Brian Munzlinger
Brian Munzlinger is a farmer and a Republican member of the Missouri Senate serving the 18th District.-Personal:Munzlinger was born in Quincy, Illinois but raised in rural Lewis County, Missouri. He is a graduate of the University of Missouri, with a B.S. degree in general agriculture...

 (R-Williamstown
Williamstown, Missouri
Williamstown is an unincorporated community in northern Lewis County, Missouri, United States. It is located at the intersection of Missouri Supplemental Routes A and E about twenty miles northwest of Canton. The community is part of the Quincy, IL–MO Micropolitan Statistical Area....

).

Federal

In the U.S. House of Representatives
United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...

, Adair County is represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer
Blaine Luetkemeyer
Blaine Luetkemeyer is the U. S. Representative for , serving since 2009. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district contains most of Northeastern Missouri. As a result of the 2010 Census Missouri will lose a Congressional district effective 2013...

 (R-St. Elizabeth
St. Elizabeth, Missouri
St. Elizabeth is a village in Miller County, Missouri, United States. The population was 336 at the 2010 census.-Geography:St. Elizabeth is located at ....

) who also represents all of Northeast Missouri as part of Missouri's 9th congressional district
Missouri's 9th congressional district
Missouri's 9th congressional district encompasses rural Northeast Missouri, the area known as "Little Dixie," along with the larger towns of Columbia, Fulton, Kirksville and Union. Boone, Franklin, and a portion of St. Charles County comprise the highest voting centers of the mostly rural district...

.

Geography

According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 569.32 square miles (1,474.5 km²), of which 567 square miles (1,468.5 km²) (or 99.59%) is land and 2.31 square miles (6 km²) (or 0.41%) is water.

Cities

  • Brashear
    Brashear, Missouri
    Brashear is a city in Salt River Township, Adair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 273 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Brashear is located at...

  • Greentop
    Greentop, Missouri
    As of the census of 2000, there were 427 people, 190 households, and 126 families residing in the city. The population density was 521.4 people per square mile . There were 221 housing units at an average density of 269.9 per square mile . The racial makeup of the city was 97.89% White, 0.23%...

  • Kirksville
    Kirksville, Missouri
    Kirksville is the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. It is located in Benton Township. The population was 17,505 at the 2010 census. Kirksville also anchors a micropolitan area that comprises Adair and Schuyler counties. The city is perhaps best known as the location of Truman...

  • Novinger
    Novinger, Missouri
    Novinger is a city in Nineveh Township, Adair County, Missouri, United States. The population was 456 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:Novinger is located at ....


Townships

Adair County is divided into ten townships
Township (United States)
A township in the United States is a small geographic area. Townships range in size from 6 to 54 square miles , with being the norm.The term is used in three ways....

:
  • Benton
    Benton Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Benton Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 19,354. It is named for Thomas Hart Benton, US Senator from Missouri.-Geography:...

  • Clay
    Clay Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Clay Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, US. As of the 2000 census, its population was 591. It is named in honor of politician Henry Clay.-Geography:Clay Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements...

  • Liberty
    Liberty Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Liberty Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 321.-Geography:Liberty Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements. It contains seven cemeteries: Baden Springs, Lutz, Mount Moriah, Parcell Salisbury,...

  • Morrow
    Morrow Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Morrow Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 393. It is named for John Morrow, one of Adair County's original judges.-Geography:...

  • Nineveh
    Nineveh Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Nineveh Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,369. The township is named for a German communistic colony that was established in the area in 1850.-Geography:...

  • Pettis
    Pettis Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Pettis Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 675. It is named for former US Congressman Spencer Pettis, who represented Missouri from 1829 to 1831 until being killed in a duel.-Geography:...

  • Polk
    Polk Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Polk Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 551. It is named for US President James K. Polk.-Geography:Polk Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements....

  • Salt River
    Salt River Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Salt River Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 1,046.-Geography:Salt River Township covers an area of and contains one incorporated settlement, Brashear...

  • Walnut
    Walnut Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Walnut Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 262.-Geography:Walnut Township covers an area of and contains no incorporated settlements. It contains two cemeteries: Cheeseman and Hall....

  • Wilson
    Wilson Township, Adair County, Missouri
    Wilson Township is one of ten townships in Adair County, Missouri, USA. As of the 2000 census, its population was 415. It is named for Joseph Wilson, an early judge in Adair County.-Geography:...


  • Adjacent counties

    • Putnam County  (northwest)
    • Schuyler County  (north)
    • Scotland County  (northeast)
    • Knox County
      Knox County, Missouri
      As of the census of 2010, there are 4,131 people in the county, organized into 1,791 households and 1,217 families. The population density is 9 people per square mile . There are 2,317 housing units at an average density of 5 per square mile...

        (east)
    • Macon County
      Macon County, Missouri
      Macon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of 2010, the population was 15,566. Its county seat is Macon. The county was organized in 1837 and named for Nathaniel Macon, a North Carolina politician...

        (south)
    • Linn County
      Linn County, Missouri
      As of the census of 2000, there were 13,754 people, 5,697 households, and 3,760 families residing in the county. The population density was 22 people per square mile . There were 6,554 housing units at an average density of 11 per square mile...

       (southwest)
    • Sullivan County
      Sullivan County, Missouri
      Sullivan County is a county located in the U.S. state of Missouri. In 2010, the population was 6,714. Its county seat is Milan.-History:Sullivan County, Missouri encompasses of high glaciated prairie covered by steep rolling hills and numerous creeks and streams in north central Missouri...

        (west)

    Major highways

    • U.S. Route 63
    • Route 3
    • Route 6
    • Route 11
    • Route 149

    Demographics

    As of the census
    Census
    A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

    of 2000, there were 24,977 people, 9,669 households, and 5,346 families residing in the county. The population density
    Population density
    Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

     was 44 people per square mile (17/km²). There were 10,826 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 95.82% White, 1.20% Black or African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.39% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races
    Race (United States Census)
    Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

    , and 0.88% from two or more races. Approximately 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

    There were 9,669 households out of which 25.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.50% were married couples
    Marriage
    Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

     living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.70% were non-families. 31.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

    In the county the population was spread out with 19.20% under the age of 18, 27.40% from 18 to 24, 22.80% from 25 to 44, 18.40% from 45 to 64, and 12.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 88.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.50 males.

    The median income for a household in the county was $26,677, and the median income for a family was $38,085. Males had a median income of $26,323 versus $21,837 for females. The per capita income
    Per capita income
    Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

     for the county was $15,484. About 11.90% of families and 23.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.80% of those under age 18 and 12.00% of those age 65 or over.

    See also

    • National Register of Historic Places listings in Adair County, Missouri

    External links

    • Adair County Historical Society
    • Digitized 1930 Plat Book of Adair County from University of Missouri
      University of Missouri
      The University of Missouri System is a state university system providing centralized administration for four universities, a health care system, an extension program, five research and technology parks, and a publishing press. More than 64,000 students are currently enrolled at its four campuses...

      Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books
    The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
     
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