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The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) constitute the class
Class (biology)

A class is the taxonomic rank in the biological classification of organisms in biology below phylum and above Order .The orders of taxonomy are life, Domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of the ray-finned fishes.

The ray-finned fish
Fish

A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
es are so called because they possess lepidotrichia
Lepidotrichia

Lepidotrichia are bony, bilaterally-paired, segmented fin rays found in Osteichthyes. They develop around actinotrichia as part of the dermal exoskeleton....
 or "fin rays", their fins being webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines ("rays"), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii
Sarcopterygii

Sarcopterygii - Crossopterygii is traditionally the class of fleshy-finned, lobe-finned fishes, consisting of lungfish, and coelacanths....
. These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles).

In terms of numbers, actinopterygians are the dominant class of vertebrate
Vertebrate

Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with Vertebras or Vertebral columns. The grouping sometimes includes the hagfish, which have no vertebrae, but are genetically quite closely related to lampreys, which do have vertebrae....
s, with nearly 30,000 species, and they are ubiquitous throughout fresh water
Fresh Water

Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve....
 and marine
Ocean

An ocean is a major body of Seawater, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a World Ocean that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas....
 environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from Paedocypris
Paedocypris

Paedocypris is an Indonesian genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae . Previously the two species, Paedocypris progenetica and Paedocypris micromegethes were known....
, at , to the massive Ocean Sunfish
Ocean sunfish

File:Mondfisch_Ozenarium_Lissabon_20090228.ogvThe ocean sunfish, Mola mola, or common mola, is the heaviest known Osteichthyes in the world....
, at , and the long-bodied Oarfish
Oarfish

Oarfish are large, greatly elongated, pelagic Lampriform fish comprising the small family Regalecidae. Found in all temperate to tropical oceans yet rarely seen, the oarfish family contains four species in two genus....
, to at least .

earliest known fossil Actinopterygiian is Andreolepis hedei
Andreolepis hedei

Andreolepis hedei, an extinct prehistoric fish, has proven so far to be the earliest-known Actinopterygiian, living around 420 million years ago. It inhabited Russia, Sweden, Estonia, and Latvia....
, dating back 420 million years (Late Silurian).






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The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) constitute the class
Class (biology)

A class is the taxonomic rank in the biological classification of organisms in biology below phylum and above Order .The orders of taxonomy are life, Domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of the ray-finned fishes.

The ray-finned fish
Fish

A fish is any marine biology vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic , covered with scale , and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins....
es are so called because they possess lepidotrichia
Lepidotrichia

Lepidotrichia are bony, bilaterally-paired, segmented fin rays found in Osteichthyes. They develop around actinotrichia as part of the dermal exoskeleton....
 or "fin rays", their fins being webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines ("rays"), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii
Sarcopterygii

Sarcopterygii - Crossopterygii is traditionally the class of fleshy-finned, lobe-finned fishes, consisting of lungfish, and coelacanths....
. These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles).

In terms of numbers, actinopterygians are the dominant class of vertebrate
Vertebrate

Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with Vertebras or Vertebral columns. The grouping sometimes includes the hagfish, which have no vertebrae, but are genetically quite closely related to lampreys, which do have vertebrae....
s, with nearly 30,000 species, and they are ubiquitous throughout fresh water
Fresh Water

Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve....
 and marine
Ocean

An ocean is a major body of Seawater, and a principal component of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a World Ocean that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas....
 environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from Paedocypris
Paedocypris

Paedocypris is an Indonesian genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae . Previously the two species, Paedocypris progenetica and Paedocypris micromegethes were known....
, at , to the massive Ocean Sunfish
Ocean sunfish

File:Mondfisch_Ozenarium_Lissabon_20090228.ogvThe ocean sunfish, Mola mola, or common mola, is the heaviest known Osteichthyes in the world....
, at , and the long-bodied Oarfish
Oarfish

Oarfish are large, greatly elongated, pelagic Lampriform fish comprising the small family Regalecidae. Found in all temperate to tropical oceans yet rarely seen, the oarfish family contains four species in two genus....
, to at least .

Fossil record

The earliest known fossil Actinopterygiian is Andreolepis hedei
Andreolepis hedei

Andreolepis hedei, an extinct prehistoric fish, has proven so far to be the earliest-known Actinopterygiian, living around 420 million years ago. It inhabited Russia, Sweden, Estonia, and Latvia....
, dating back 420 million years (Late Silurian). This microvertebrate has been uncovered in Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, Sweden
Sweden

Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic countries on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden has land borders with Norway to the west and Finland to the northeast, and it is connected to Denmark by the ?resund Bridge in the south....
, and Estonia
Estonia

Estonia , officially the Republic of Estonia is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by the Russia ....
.

Classification

Traditionally three grades of actinopterygians have been recognised: the Chondrostei
Chondrostei

Chondrostei are primarily cartilage fish showing some ossification. There are 52 species divided among two orders, the Acipenseriformes and the Polypteriformes ....
, Holostei
Holostei

Holostei are bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by a single living species, the bowfin , and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars....
, and Teleostei
Teleostei

Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes. This diverse group, which arose in the Triassic period, includes 20,000 extant species in about 40 orders; most living fishes are members of this group....
. Some morphological evidence suggests that the second is paraphyletic and should be abandoned; however, recent work based on more complete sampling of fossil taxa, and also an analysis of DNA sequence data from the complete mitochondrial genome, supports its recognition. Nearly all living bony fishes are teleosts.

A listing of the different groups is given below, down to the level of orders, arranged in what has been suggested to represent the evolutionary sequence down to the level of order based primarily on the long history of morphological studies. This classification, like any other taxonomy
Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification. The word comes from the Greek language ', taxis and ', nomos .Taxonomies, or taxonomic schemes, are composed of taxonomic units known as taxa , or kinds of things that are arranged frequently in a hierarchical structure....
 based on phylogenetic research is in a state of flux. Many of these ordinal and higher-level groupings have not been supported in both the recent morphological and molecular literature. Examples of demonstrably paraphyletic or unnatural groups include the Paracanthopterygii
Paracanthopterygii

Paracanthopterygii is a superorder of fishes. Members of this superorder are called paracanthopterygians.It includes five orders:* Percopsiformes ...
, Scorpaeniformes
Scorpaeniformes

Scorpaeniformes is an order of Actinopterygii, but it has also been called the Scleroparei. Species in this order have recently been reclassified into the Perciformes....
, and Perciformes
Perciformes

The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony fish and are the largest order of vertebrata....
. The listing follows FishBase
FishBase

FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish. , it included descriptions of over 30,000 species, over 260,000 common names in hundreds of languages, over 46,000 pictures, and references to more than 42,000 works in the scientific literature....
 with notes when this differs from Nelson and ITIS.

  • Subclass Chondrostei
    Chondrostei

    Chondrostei are primarily cartilage fish showing some ossification. There are 52 species divided among two orders, the Acipenseriformes and the Polypteriformes ....
    • Order Polypteriformes, including the bichir
      Bichir

      The bichirs are a family, Polypteridae, of archaic-looking Actinopterygii, the sole family in the order Polypteriformes.All species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuary....
      s and reedfish
      Reedfish

      The reedfish, Erpetoichthys calabaricus, ropefish , or snakefish is a species of freshwater fish in the bichir family and order ....
      es
    • Order Acipenseriformes
      Acipenseriformes

      Acipenseriformes are an order of primitive Actinopterygii that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families.Notable characteristics of Acipenseriformes include:...
      , including the sturgeon
      Sturgeon

      Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genus Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus....
      s and paddlefish
      Paddlefish

      Paddlefish are primitive Chondrostean ray-finned fishes. The paddlefish can be distinguished by its large mouth and its elongated snout called a rostrum ....
      es
  • Subclass Neopterygii
    Neopterygii

    Neopterygii is a group of Actinopteri animals. Neopterygii means "new wings". There are only few changes during their evolution from the earlier Actinopterygii....
    • Infraclass Holostei
      Holostei

      Holostei are bony fish that show primitive characteristics. There are eight species divided among two orders, the Amiiformes represented by a single living species, the bowfin , and the Lepisosteiformes, the gars....
      • Order Lepisosteiformes, the gar
        Gar

        In American English the name gar is strictly applied to members of the Lepisosteus, a family including seven living species of fish in two genera that inhabit fresh, brackish, and occasionally marine, waters of eastern North America, Central America, and the Caribbean islands....
        s
      • Order Amiiformes, the bowfin
        Bowfin

        Bowfins are an order of primitive ray-finned fish. Only one species, the bowfin Amia calva, family Amiidae, exists today, although additional species in six families are known from Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Eocene fossils....
        s
    • Infraclass Teleostei
      Teleostei

      Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes. This diverse group, which arose in the Triassic period, includes 20,000 extant species in about 40 orders; most living fishes are members of this group....
      • Superorder Osteoglossomorpha
        Osteoglossomorpha

        Osteoglossomorpha is a group of bony fish in the Teleostei. A notable member is the Arapaima , the largest freshwater fish in South America and one of the very largest bony fishes alive....
        • Order Osteoglossiformes
          Osteoglossiformes

          Osteoglossiformes is a relatively primitive order of ray-finned fish that contains two sub-orders, the Osteoglossoidei and the Notopteroidei. All of the living species inhabit freshwater....
          , the bony-tongued fishes
        • Order Hiodontiformes
          Hiodontiformes

          Hiodontiformes is a relatively new order of fish, consisting of the two living species of the mooneye family Hiodontidae and three genus of extinct types....
          , including the mooneye
          Mooneye

          The mooneyes are a family , the Hiodontidae, of primitive ray-finned fish comprising two living and one extinct species in the genus Hiodon....
           and goldeye
          Goldeye

          The goldeye, Hiodon alosoides, is a species of fish in the mooneye family . It occurs from as far down the Mackenzie River as Aklavik in the north to Mississippi in the south, and from Alberta in the west to Ohio south of the Great Lakes, with an isolated population south of James Bay....
      • Superorder Elopomorpha
        Elopomorpha

        Elopomorpha is a group of Teleostei fishes that contains:*Elopiformes**Elopidae**Megalopidae*Albuliformes**Albulidae*Notacanthiformes**Halosauridae...
        • Order Elopiformes
          Elopiformes

          Elopiformes is the order of ray-finned fish that includes the tarpons, tenpounders, and ladyfish, as well as a number of extinct types. They have a long fossil record, easily distinguished from other fishes by the presence of an additional set of bones in the throat....
          , including the ladyfishes and tarpon
          Tarpon

          The tarpons are two species of fish, the only members of the family Megalopidae and genus Megalops. They are large coastal fish prized by Angling....
        • Order Albuliformes, the bonefishes
        • Order Notacanthiformes
          Notacanthiformes

          Notacanthiformes is an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes, consisting of the families Halosauridae and Notacanthidae The order is of relatively recent vintage; Fishes of the World lists it as a suborder Notacanthoidei of Albuliformes....
          , including the halosaurs and spiny eel
          Spiny eel

          The name spiny eel is used to describe members of two different families of fish: the freshwater Mastacembelidae of Asia and Africa, and the marine Notacanthidae....
          s
        • Order Anguilliformes, the true eel
          Eel

          True eels are an order of fish, which consists of four suborders, 19 Family s, 110 genera and approximately 600 species. Most eels are predators....
          s and gulpers
        • Order Saccopharyngiformes
          Saccopharyngiformes

          Saccopharyngiformes is an order of unusual ray-finned fish superficially similar to eels, but with many internal differences. Most of the fish in this order are deep-sea types known from only a handful of specimens such as the Umbrella Mouth Gulper Eel....
          , including the gulper eel
      • Superorder Clupeomorpha
        • Order Clupeiformes
          Clupeiformes

          Clupeiformes is the order of Actinopterygii that includes the herring family, Clupeidae, and the anchovy family, Engraulidae. The group includes many of the most important food fish....
          , including herring
          Herring

          Herring are small, oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea....
          s and anchovies
          Anchovy

          The anchovies are a Family of small, common salt-water fish. There are about 140 species in 16 genera, found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans....
      • Superorder Ostariophysi
        Ostariophysi

        Ostariophysi is the second-largest superorder of fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysans. This diverse group contains almost 8,000 species, about 28% of known fish species in the world and 68% of freshwater species, and are present on almost all major continents except Antarctica....
        • Order Gonorynchiformes
          Gonorynchiformes

          Gonorynchiformes is an order of Actinopterygii that includes the important food source, the milkfish , and a number of lesser-known types, both ocean and freshwater....
          , including the milkfish
          Milkfish

          The milkfish, , is an important food fish in Southeast Asia and is the sole living species in the family Chanidae. Milkfish have a generally symmetrical and streamlined appearance, with a sizable forked caudal fin....
          es
        • Order Cypriniformes
          Cypriniformes

          The Cypriniformes are an order of Actinopterygii, including the carps, minnows, loaches and relatives. This order contains 5-6 family , over 320 genera, and more than 3,250 species, with new species being described every few months or so, and new genera being recognized regularly....
          , including barbs, carp
          Carp

          Carp is a common name for various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish originally from Eurasia and southeast Asia....
          , danios, goldfish
          Goldfish

          The goldfish is a domesticated version of the Prussian carp , a dark-gray/brown carp native to Asia. It was first bred for color in China over 1,000 years ago....
          es, loaches
          Loach (fish)

          Cobitidae is the family of the true loaches, which are Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems....
          , minnow
          Minnow

          Minnow may refer to:...
          s, rasbora
          Rasbora

          A rasbora is member of a group of small minnow-type fish in the family Cyprinidae . Fish from genera such as Boraras, Microrasbora, Rasbora and Trigonostigma are commonly referred to as rasboras....
          s
        • Order Characiformes
          Characiformes

          The Characiformes are an order of Actinopterygii, comprising the characins and their allies. There are a few thousand different species, including the well-known piranha and tetras....
          , including characins, pencilfishes, hatchetfish
          Hatchetfish

          The name hatchetfish may refer to two unrelated groups of fishes:*Marine hatchetfishes, small deep-sea bioluminescence fishes of the family Sternoptychidae, subfamily Sternoptychinae....
          es, piranha
          Piranha

          A piranha or pira?a is a member of a family of omnivorous freshwater fish which live in South American rivers. In Venezuelan rivers they are called caribes....
          s, tetra
          Tetra

          Tetra are species of small South American freshwater fish, belonging to the family Characidae and to its former subfamilies Alestiidae and Lebiasinidae....
          s, dourado / golden (genus Salminus)
          Golden dorado

          For other uses, see Dorado The Golden Dorado is a large river fish that lives in South America. Its binomial name is Salminus maxillosus....
           and pacu
          Piaractus mesopotamicus

          Pac? , pez chato , mbira?, or pira?, is a South American ray-finned fish fish that is endemic to the Paraguay River-Paran? River basin, though it has been introduced by aquaculture activities in a wider area....
          .
        • Order Gymnotiformes
          Gymnotiformes

          The Gymnotiformes is a lineage of ostariophysan teleost electric fishes. Common names found in the literature include the Neotropical electric fishes, South American electric fishes, or American knifefishes....
          , including electric eel
          Electric eel

          The electric eel, temblador Electrophorus electricus, is an electrical fish. It is capable of generating powerful electricity shocks, which it uses for both hunting and self-defense....
          s and knifefish
          Knifefish

          Knifefish may refer to several knife-shaped fishes:* The Neotropical knifefishes, order Gymnotiformes, containing five families:** Family Gymnotidae ...
          es
        • Order Siluriformes, the catfish
          Catfish

          Catfish are a very diverse group of Actinopterygii fish. Named for their prominent barbel s, which resemble a cat's whiskers , catfish range in size and behavior from the heaviest, the Pangasius gigas from Southeast Asia and the longest, the wels catfish of Eurasia, to detritivores , and even to a tiny parasite species commonly called the ca...
          es
      • Superorder Protacanthopterygii
        Protacanthopterygii

        Protacanthopterygii is the taxon superorder of bony ray-finned fish.Protacanthopterygii is composed of primitive teleosts. Their common fish anatomy usually include: lack of Generalist and specialist species; greater than 24 vertebrae; adipose fin; mesocoracoid; glossohyal teeth; non-protrusible Maxilla ; proethmoid and several perichondra...
        • Order Salmoniformes, including salmon
          Salmon

          Salmon is the common name for several species of fish of the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the family are called trout,the difference is often attributed to the migratory life of the salmon as compared to the residential behaviour of trout, this holds true for the Atlantic salmon....
           and trout
          Trout

          Trout are a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae family. Salmon belong to some of the same genera as trout but, unlike most trout, most salmon species spend almost all their lives in salt water....
        • Order Esociformes
          Esociformes

          Esociformes is a small order of Actinopterygii, with two families, the Umbridae and the Esocidae . The pikes of genus Esox give the order its name....
           the pike
          Esox

          Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family Esocidae. The type species is E. lucius, the northern pike....
        • Order Osmeriformes
          Osmeriformes

          Osmeriformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes various kinds of smelts, noodlefishes, and the odd-looking barreleyes. The order consists of fourteen families with about 240 species total....
          , including the smelts and galaxiid
          Galaxiid

          The Galaxiids are a family of mostly small freshwater fish. Representatives occur throughout the southern hemisphere, including South Africa, South America, New Zealand, Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and the Falkland Islands....
          s
      • Superorder Stenopterygii
        • Order Ateleopodiformes, the jellynose fish
          Jellynose fish

          The jellynose fishes are a small order of ray-finned fish, consisting of a single family with about a dozen species in four genera.Jellynoses are deep-water, bottom-dwelling, ocean fish....
        • Order Stomiiformes
          Stomiiformes

          Stomiiformes is an order of deep-sea ray-finned fishes of very diverse Morphology , including dragonfishes, lightfishes, marine hatchetfishes, viperfishes, and loosejaws....
          , including the bristlemouths and marine hatchetfish
          Marine hatchetfish

          Marine hatchetfish are big, deep-sea bathypelagic fish of the family Sternoptychidae, together with bottlelights, pearlsides and constellationfish....
          es
      • Superorder Cyclosquamata
        • Order Aulopiformes
          Aulopiformes

          Aulopiformes is an order of ray-finned fish consisting of thirteen living families of marine fish. They are grouped together because of common features in the structure of their gill arches....
          , including the Bombay duck
          Bombay duck

          The Bombay duck or bummalo is, despite its name, not a duck but a lizardfish. It is native to the waters between Mumbai and Kutch in the Arabian Sea, and a small number are also found in the Bay of Bengal....
           and lancetfish
          Lancetfish

          Lancetfishes are large oceanic predatory fishes in the genus Alepisaurus , the only living genus in the family Alepisauridae.Lancetfishes grow up to in length....
          es
      • Superorder Scopelomorpha
        • Order Myctophiformes
          Myctophiformes

          Myctophiformes is an order of ray-finned fish consisting of two families of deep-sea marine fish, most notably the highly abundant lanternfishes ....
          , including the lanternfish
          Lanternfish

          Not to be confused with Anglerfish .Lanternfishes are small, deep sea fish of the large family Myctophidae. One of two families in the order Myctophiformes, the Myctophidae are represented by 246 species in 33 genus, and are found in oceans worldwide....
          es
      • Superorder Lampridiomorpha
        • Order Lampriformes
          Lampriformes

          Lampriformes are an order of ray-finned fish that includes about 50 living species of deep sea fishes, including the opahs, crestfishes, ribbonfishes, and oarfish....
          , including the oarfish
          Oarfish

          Oarfish are large, greatly elongated, pelagic Lampriform fish comprising the small family Regalecidae. Found in all temperate to tropical oceans yet rarely seen, the oarfish family contains four species in two genus....
          , opah
          Opah

          Opah are large, colorful, deep-bodied pelagic zone Lampriform fish comprising the small family Lampridae . There are only two living species in a single genus: Lampris ....
           and ribbonfishes
      • Superorder Polymyxiomorpha
        • Order Polymixiiformes, the beardfish
          Beardfish

          The beardfishes are a small family of deep-sea marine ray-finned fish named for their pair of long hyoid barbel s. They have little economic importance....
          es
      • Superorder Paracanthopterygii
        Paracanthopterygii

        Paracanthopterygii is a superorder of fishes. Members of this superorder are called paracanthopterygians.It includes five orders:* Percopsiformes ...
        • Order Percopsiformes
          Percopsiformes

          Percopsiformes is a small order of Actinopterygii, comprising the trout-perch and its allies. It contains just nine species, grouped into three families....
          , including the cavefishes and trout-perches
        • Order Batrachoidiformes, the toadfish
          Toadfish

          The toadfish comprise the family Batrachoididae, the only family in the ray-finned fish order Batrachoidiformes. Both the English common name and scientific name refer to their toad-like appearance ....
          es
        • Order Lophiiformes, including the anglerfish
          Anglerfish

          Anglerfish are the members of the order Lophiiformes. They are Osteichthyes named for their characteristic mode of predation, wherein a fleshy growth from the fish's head acts as a Aggressive_mimicry#Food_as_an_attractant; this is considered analogous to angling....
          es
        • Order Gadiformes
          Gadiformes

          Gadiformes is an order of ray-finned fish, also called the Anacanthini, that includes the cod and its allies. Many major food fish are in this order....
          , including cod
          Cod

          Cod is the common name for the genus of fish Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name of a variety of other fishes....
          s
        • Order Ophidiiformes
          Ophidiiformes

          Ophidiiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the cusk eels , pearlfishes , brotulas , and others.This order includes a variety of deep-sea species, including the deepest known, Abyssobrotula galatheae, found at in the Puerto Rico Trench....
          , including the pearlfish
          Pearlfish

          Pearlfish is a general name for a variety of marine fish species in the Carapidae Family . Pearlfish have been found in tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Oceans at depths up to along oceanic shelves and slopes....
          es
      • Superorder Acanthopterygii
        Acanthopterygii

        Acanthopterygii is the name of a superorder of fish in the class Actinopterygii. It includes the teleost bony fishes, with characteristic sharp bony rays....
        • Order Mugiliformes
          Mugiliformes

          The taxonomic Order Mugiliformes of vertebrate fish contains the single Family Mullet , the mullets....
          , the mullets
          Mullet (fish)

          The mullets or grey mullets are a family of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and in some species in fresh water also....
        • Order Atheriniformes
          Atheriniformes

          Atheriniformes, also known as the silversides, is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the Atherinidae and several less-familiar families, including the unusual Phallostethidae....
          , including silversides
          Silverside (fish)

          The Old World silversides are a family , Atherinidae, of fish in the order Atheriniformes. They occur worldwide in tropical and temperate waters....
           and rainbowfish
          Rainbowfish

          The rainbowfishes are a family of small, colourful, fresh water fish that are found in northern and eastern Australia and New Guinea and in the Southeast Asian Islands....
          es
        • Order Beloniformes
          Beloniformes

          The Beloniformes are an order of five Family of freshwater and marine ray-finned fish: the Adrianichthyidae ; Belonidae ; Exocoetidae ; Hemiramphidae : and the Scomberesocidae ....
          , including the flyingfish
          Flyingfish

          The Exocoetidae or flying fish are a marine fish family comprising about 50 species grouped in 7 to 9 genus.Flying fish are found in all of the major oceans, particularly in the warm tropics and subtropical waters of the Atlantic ocean, Pacific ocean, and Indian oceans....
          es
        • Order Cetomimiformes
          Cetomimiformes

          The Cetomimiformes or whalefishes are an order of small, deep-sea ray-finned fish. Some authorities include the whalefishes as part of the order Stephanoberyciformes, within the superfamily Cetomimoidea....
          , the whalefishes
        • Order Cyprinodontiformes
          Cyprinodontiformes

          The Cyprinodontiformes is an order of Actinopterygii, and comprising mostly small, fresh-water fish. They are closely related to the Atheriniformes and are occasionally included with them....
          , including livebearers
          Live-bearing aquarium fish

          Live-bearing aquarium fish, often simply called livebearers, are fish that retain the eggs inside the body and give birth to live, free-swimming young....
          , killifish
          Killifish

          A killifish is any of various tiny, oviparous cyprinodontiformes . All in all there are some 1270 different species of killifish, the biggest family being Rivulidae, containing more than 320 species....
          es
        • Order Stephanoberyciformes
          Stephanoberyciformes

          The Stephanoberyciformes are an order of marine ray-finned fishes, consisting of about 45 species, the majority of which belong to the ridgehead family ....
          , including the ridgehead
          Ridgehead

          Ridgeheads, also known as bigscales, are a family of small, deep-sea stephanoberyciform fish. The family contains approximately 37 species in five genus; their distribution is worldwide, but ridgeheads are absent from the Arctic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea....
          s
        • Order Beryciformes
          Beryciformes

          Beryciformes is an order of ray-finned fishes. This is a very poorly understood group of 16 families, 57 genera, and about 219 species. Most believe that it is probably an artificial assemblage of unrelated taxa that are thrown together for convenience only; there are no convincing characteristics that tie all members together....
          , including the fangtooth
          Fangtooth

          Fagtooths are deep-sea, ferocious-looking beryciform fish of the family Anoplogastridae . With a circumglobal distribution in tropical and cold-temperate waters, the family contains only two very similar species, in one genus, with no known close relatives: the common fangtooth, Anoplogaster cornuta, found worldwide; and the...
          s and pineconefishes
        • Order Zeiformes
          Zeiformes

          The Zeiformes are a small order of marine ray-finned fishes most notable for the dory , a group of common food fish. The order consists of about 40 species in seven families, mostly deep-sea types....
          , including the dories
          Dory (fish)

          The common name dory is shared by members of several different family of large-eyed, silvery, deep-bodied, laterally compressed, and roughly discoid marine fish....
        • Order Gobiesociformes, the clingfishes
        • Order Gasterosteiformes
          Gasterosteiformes

          Gasterosteiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the sticklebacks and relatives.In the Gasterosteiformes, the pelvis is never attached to the cleithra directly, and the supramaxillary, orbitosphenoid, and basisphenoid bones are absent....
           including stickleback
          Stickleback

          The Gasterosteidae are a family of fish including the sticklebacks. FishBase currently recognises sixteen species in the family, grouped in five genera....
          s, pipefish
          Pipefish

          Pipefishes or pipe-fishes are a subfamily of small fishes, which with the seahorses form a distinct family....
          es, seahorses
        • Order Syngnathiformes
          Syngnathiformes

          Syngnathiformes is an order of ray-finned fishes that includes the pipefishes and seahorses.These fishes have elongate, narrow, bodies surrounded by a series of bony rings, and small, tubular mouths....
          , including the seahorses and pipefish
          Pipefish

          Pipefishes or pipe-fishes are a subfamily of small fishes, which with the seahorses form a distinct family....
          es
        • Order Synbranchiformes
          Synbranchiformes

          Synbranchiformes, often called swamp eels, is an order of ray-finned fishes that are eel-like but have spiny rays, indicating that they belong to the superorder Acanthopterygii....
          , including the swamp eel
          Swamp eel

          The swamp eels are a family of freshwater eel-like fishes of the worldwide tropics....
          s
        • Order Tetraodontiformes
          Tetraodontiformes

          The Tetraodontiformes are an order of highly derived Actinopterygii, also called the Plectognathi. Sometimes these are classified as a suborder of the Perciformes....
          , including the filefish
          Filefish

          Filefish are tropical to subtropical tetraodontiform marine fish of the diverse family Monacanthidae. Found in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Oceans, the filefish family contains approximately 107 species in 26 genus....
          es and pufferfish
          Pufferfish

          Tetraodontidae is a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish. The family includes many familiar species which are variously called puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, bubblefish, globefish, swellfish, toadfish, and toadies....
        • Order Pleuronectiformes, the flatfish
          Flatfish

          The flatfish are an order of ray-finned fish, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. The name means "side-swimmers" in Greek language....
          es
        • Order Scorpaeniformes
          Scorpaeniformes

          Scorpaeniformes is an order of Actinopterygii, but it has also been called the Scleroparei. Species in this order have recently been reclassified into the Perciformes....
          , including scorpionfish
          Scorpionfish

          Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfish, are a family of mostly ocean fish that includes many of the world's most venomous species. As the name suggests, scorpionfish have a type of "sting" in the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus....
          es and the sculpin
          Sculpin

          A Sculpin is a fish that belongs to the Order Scorpaeniformes, Suborder Cottoidei and Superfamily Cottoidea that contains 11 families, 149 genera, and 756 species according to though these totals will likely change as more molecular work is done....
          s
        • Order Perciformes
          Perciformes

          The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony fish and are the largest order of vertebrata....
           40% of all fish including anabantids, Centrarchid
          Centrarchidae

          The sunfishes are a family of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The type genus is Centrarchus . The family's 27 species includes many fishes familiar to North Americans, including the rock bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, and crappies....
          s (incl. bass
          Bass (fish)

          Bass is a name shared by many different species of popular gamefish. The term encompasses both fresh water and sea water species. All belong to the large order Perciformes, or perch-like fishes, and in fact the word bass comes from Middle English bars, meaning "perch." These are some of the best known species of bass:...
           and sunfish), Cichlid
          Cichlid

          Cichlids are fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. The family Cichlidae, a major family of perciform fish, is both large and diverse....
          s, gobies, gourami
          Gourami

          The gourami or gouramies are a family , Osphronemidae, of fresh water perciform fishes. The fish are native to Asia, from Pakistan and India to the Malay Archipelago and north-easterly towards Korea....
          s, mackerel
          Mackerel

          Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of fish, mostly, but not exclusively, from the family Scombridae. They occur in all tropical and temperate seas....
          , perch
          Perch

          Perca is the genus of fish referred to as perch or, sometimes, yellow perch, a group of freshwater fish belonging to the family Percidae....
          es, scats
          Scatophagidae

          The scats are a small family, Scatophagidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes.They are small fishes native to the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean that have been popular in the aquarium in the last 30 years....
          , whiting, wrasses