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Acid salt

 

 
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Acid salt
 
 
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Acid salts are a class of salts formed when a dibasic or tribasic acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
 has been neutralized
Neutralization

In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base or alkali react to produce salt and water.During the process, hydrogen ions H+ from the acid or a hydronium H3O+ and hydroxide ions OH- or oxide ions O2- from the base react together to form a water mo...
 to some degree. Because the acid is only partially neutralized, one or more replaceable proton
Proton

The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. It is found in the nucleus of each atom but is also stable by itself and has a second identity as the hydrogen ion, H+....
s remain. Typically this will lead to a formula with one or more metal ions, one or more protons, and an anion, such as sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder....
 (NaHCO3), sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium hydrosulfide

Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaHS. This compound is the product of the half -neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with a sodium-derived base....
 (NaHS), sodium bisulfate
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium bisulfate, also sodium hydrogen sulfate, has the chemical formula NaHSO4. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic. Its melting point is poorly defined because it begins to decompose into sodium pyrosulfate and water before it reaches its melting points....
 (NaHSO4), monosodium phosphate
Monosodium phosphate

Monosodium phosphate , also known as anhydrous monobasic sodium phosphate is a chemical compound of sodium with a phosphate counterion. It is used as a laxative and, in combination with other sodium phosphates, as a pH buffer....
 (NaH2PO4), and disodium phosphate
Disodium phosphate

Disodium hydrogen phosphate is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is a white powder that is highly hygroscopic and water soluble. It is therefore used commercially as an anti-caking additive in powdered products....
 (Na2HPO4).

For example, in preparing sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate

Sodium sulfate is the sodium salt of sulfuric acid. Anhydrous, it is a white crystalline solid of formula Na2SO4 known as the mineral thenardite; the hydrate Na2SO4?10H2O has been known as Glauber's salt or, historically, sal mirabilis since the 17th century....
 (Na2SO4) a certain amount of sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide , also known as lye, caustic soda and sodium hydrate, is a caustic metallic Base . Sodium hydroxide forms a strong alkaline solution when dissolved in a solvent such as water, however, only the hydroxide ion is basic....
 (NaOH) is needed to neutralize the sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
 (H2SO4) to produce this salt.






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Sodiumbicarbonate
Acid salts are a class of salts formed when a dibasic or tribasic acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
 has been neutralized
Neutralization

In chemistry, neutralization is a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base or alkali react to produce salt and water.During the process, hydrogen ions H+ from the acid or a hydronium H3O+ and hydroxide ions OH- or oxide ions O2- from the base react together to form a water mo...
 to some degree. Because the acid is only partially neutralized, one or more replaceable proton
Proton

The proton is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of +1 elementary charge. It is found in the nucleus of each atom but is also stable by itself and has a second identity as the hydrogen ion, H+....
s remain. Typically this will lead to a formula with one or more metal ions, one or more protons, and an anion, such as sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder....
 (NaHCO3), sodium hydrosulfide
Sodium hydrosulfide

Sodium hydrosulfide is the chemical compound with the formula NaHS. This compound is the product of the half -neutralization of hydrogen sulfide with a sodium-derived base....
 (NaHS), sodium bisulfate
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium bisulfate, also sodium hydrogen sulfate, has the chemical formula NaHSO4. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic. Its melting point is poorly defined because it begins to decompose into sodium pyrosulfate and water before it reaches its melting points....
 (NaHSO4), monosodium phosphate
Monosodium phosphate

Monosodium phosphate , also known as anhydrous monobasic sodium phosphate is a chemical compound of sodium with a phosphate counterion. It is used as a laxative and, in combination with other sodium phosphates, as a pH buffer....
 (NaH2PO4), and disodium phosphate
Disodium phosphate

Disodium hydrogen phosphate is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is a white powder that is highly hygroscopic and water soluble. It is therefore used commercially as an anti-caking additive in powdered products....
 (Na2HPO4).

For example, in preparing sodium sulfate
Sodium sulfate

Sodium sulfate is the sodium salt of sulfuric acid. Anhydrous, it is a white crystalline solid of formula Na2SO4 known as the mineral thenardite; the hydrate Na2SO4?10H2O has been known as Glauber's salt or, historically, sal mirabilis since the 17th century....
 (Na2SO4) a certain amount of sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide , also known as lye, caustic soda and sodium hydrate, is a caustic metallic Base . Sodium hydroxide forms a strong alkaline solution when dissolved in a solvent such as water, however, only the hydroxide ion is basic....
 (NaOH) is needed to neutralize the sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid, hydrogen2sulfuroxygen4, is a strong mineral acid. It is soluble in water at all concentrations. Sulfuric acid has many applications, and is one of the top products of the chemical industry....
 (H2SO4) to produce this salt. When preparing sodium bisulfate
Sodium bisulfate

Sodium bisulfate, also sodium hydrogen sulfate, has the chemical formula NaHSO4. The anhydrous form is hygroscopic. Its melting point is poorly defined because it begins to decompose into sodium pyrosulfate and water before it reaches its melting points....
 (NaHSO4), half of the required amount of sodium hydroxide for neutralization is used.

Such compounds can act either as an acid or a base
Base (chemistry)

In chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept protons. A base is also often referred to as an alkali if OH- ions are involved....
: addition of an acid will restore protons, and addition of a base will consume protons. The actual pH
PH

pH is a measure of the Acid or Base of a solution. It is defined as the cologarithm of the Activity of dissolved hydrogen ions . Hydrogen ion activity coefficients cannot be measured experimentally, so they are based on theoretical calculations....
 of a solution of an acid salt will depend on the equilibrium constants involved, and whether the anion is a better proton donor or proton acceptor. A comparison between the Kb and Ka will indicate this: if Kb > Ka, the solution will be basic, whereas if Kb < Ka, the solution will be acidic.

Use in food

Some acid salts are used in baking. They are found in baking powders and are typically divided into low-temperature (or single-acting) and high-temperature (or double-acting) acid salts. Common low-temperature acid salts react at room temperature to produce a leavening effect. They include cream of tartar, calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate is the name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions together with orthophosphates , metaphosphates or pyrophosphates and occasionally hydrogen or hydroxide ions....
, and citrate
Citrate

A citrate can refer either to the conjugate base of citric acid, , or to the esters of citric acid. An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate....
s. High-temperature acid salts produce a leavening effect during baking and are usually aluminium
Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white and ductile member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al; its atomic number is 13....
 salts such as calcium aluminium phosphate
Calcium aluminium phosphate

Calcium aluminium phosphate is the name given to a mineral containing calcium and aluminium ions with phosphates ....
. Some acid salts may also be found in non-dairy coffee creamers
Non-dairy creamer

Non-dairy creamers are substances which are intended to substitute for milk or cream as an additive for coffee, or other beverages; they do not contain lactose, and are therefore not considered dairy products....
.

See also

  • alkali salt