Acharonim

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Consequences for Halakhic change

Some Acharonim

• Isaac Abendana
  Isaac Abendana
  
  Isaac Abendana was the younger brother of Jacob Abendana, and became Hakham#Among the Sephardim of the Spanish Portuguese Synagogue in London after his brother died....
  , 17th century Sephardic scholar in England
• Jacob Abendana
  Jacob Abendana
  
  Jacob Abendana , was Hakham#Among the Sephardim of London from 1680 until his death. Jacob was eldest the son of Joseph Abendana and brother to Isaac Abendana....
  , 17th century Sephardic rabbi in England
• Isaac Aboab da Fonseca
  Isaac Aboab da Fonseca
  
  Isaac Aboab da Fonseca was a rabbi, scholar, kabbalist and writer. In 1656, he was one of several elders within the Portuguese-Israelite community in the Netherlands who excommunicated Baruch Spinoza for the statements this philosopher made concerning God....
  , 17th century Dutch scholar and Kabbalist, first Rabbi in the Americas
• Yehudah Leib Alter (Sfas Emes), Gerrer rebbe.
• Bezalel Ashkenazi
  Bezalel Ashkenazi
  
  Bezalel Ashkenazi , a rabbi and scholar of the Talmud, lived in the Palestine during the sixteenth century. He is best known as the author of Shittah Mekubetzet, a commentary on the Talmud....
   (Shitah Mekubetzet), 16th century Talmudist
• Chaim Joseph David Azulai
  Chaim Joseph David Azulai
  
  Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai , commonly known as the Chida , was a rabbinical scholar and a noted bibliophile, who pioneered the history of Jewish religious writings....
   (Chida), 18th century scholar and traveler, pioneered history of rabbinic writings
• Yair Bacharach
  Yair Bacharach
  
  Rabbi Yair Chayim Bacharach was a German rabbi, initially in Koblenz and remainder of his life in Worms, Germany and Metz. His grandmother Chava was a granddaughter of the Judah Loew ben Bezalel, and his father and grandfather had served as rabbis of Metz....
   (Havvot Yair), 17th century German Talmudist
• Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin
  Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin
  
  File:Netziv.gifRabbi Rabbi Naphtali Tzvi Judah Berlin was the Rosh yeshiva of the Volozhin Yeshiva and author of several works of rabbinic literature in Lithuanian Jews....
   (Netziv, HaEmek Davar), 19th century head of Volozhin Yeshiva
  Volozhin yeshiva
  
  The Volozhin Yeshiva, also known as Etz Chaim Yeshiva, was a yeshiva in the town of Volozhin , founded in 1803 by Rabbi Chaim Volozhin, a student of the Vilna Gaon....
   in Lithuania
• Josef Chaim of Baghdad
  Ben Ish Chai
  
  Yosef Chaim was a leading Hakham , posek on Jewish law and Master Kabbalah. He is best known as author of the work of Halakha Ben Ish Chai , by which title he is also known....
   (Ben Ish Chai), 19th century Iraqi Halakhist, Posek
  Posek
  
  Posek is the term in Halakha for "decider"?a legal scholar who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive....
  , Kabbalist
  Kabbalah
  
  Kabbalah is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mysticism aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that are meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator deity with the finite and mortal universe of His creation....
   and communal leader
• Moses ben Jacob Cordovero
  Moses ben Jacob Cordovero
  
  Moses ben Jacob Cordovero or Moshe Cordevero known by the acronym the Ramak , was one of the most prominent scholars of early modern Judaism's Kabbalah....
   (Ramak), 16th century Holy Land Kabbalistic scholar
• Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler
  Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler
  
  Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler was an influential Orthodox Judaism rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and Jewish philosopher of the 20th century. He is best known as mashgiach ruchani of the Ponevezh yeshiva in Israel and through collections of his writings published posthumously by his pupils....
   (Michtav Me'Eliyahu), 20th century religious philosopher and ethicist
• Dovber of Mezeritch
  Dovber of Mezeritch
  
  Rabbi Dov Ber of Mezeritch was a disciple of Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, the founder of Hasidic Judaism, and largely seen as his successor. Rabbi Dov Ber is regarded as the first proponent and exponent of Hasidism and one of its most important propagators....
   (Maggid), 18th century Eastern European mystic, primary disciple of the Baal Shem Tov
• Elijah ben Solomon (Gra, Vilna Gaon), 18th century Lithuanian Talmudist and Kabbalist, leader of the Mitnagdim (opponents of Hasidic Judaism
  Hasidic Judaism
  
  Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
  )
• Mordechai Eliyahu
  Mordechai Eliyahu
  
  Mordechai Eliyahu is a former Sephardi Jews Chief Rabbi of Israel....
  , Halakhist, Posek, and former Sephardic Chief Rabbi
  Chief Rabbi
  
  Chief Rabbi is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities....
   of Israel
• Jacob Emden
  Jacob Emden
  
  Jacob Emden was a rabbi and notable talmudist, and prominent opponent of the Sabbatai Zevi. He was born at Altona, Hamburg June 4, 1697, and died there April 19, 1776....
  , 18th century Danish/German scholar
• Baruch Epstein
  Baruch Epstein
  
  Rabbi Baruch Epstein or Baruch ha-Levi Epstein was a Lithuanian rabbi, best known for his Torah Temimah Bible commentary on the Torah....
   (Torah Temimah), 20th century Lithuanian Torah commentator
• Moshe Mordechai Epstein
  Moshe Mordechai Epstein
  
  Rabbi Moshe Mordechai Epstein was Rosh Yeshiva of Yeshiva Knesseth Yisrael in Slabodka Yeshiva, Lithuania and is recognized as having been one of the leading Talmudists of the twentieth century....
   (Levush Mordechai), 20th century Talmudist and co-head of Slabodka Yeshiva
• Yechiel Michel Epstein
  Yechiel Michel Epstein
  
  Yechiel Michel Epstein , often called "the Aruch ha-Shulchan" , was a Rabbi and posek in Lithuania. His surname is often preceded by ha-Levi, as he descended from a family of Levites....
   (Aruch ha-Shulchan), 19th/20th century Halakhist and Posek
• Jonathan Eybeschutz
  Jonathan Eybeschutz
  
  Jonathan Eybeschutz , was a Talmudist, halacha, kabbalah, holding positions as Dayan of Prague, and later as Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg, Hamburg and Wandsbek....
  , 18th century scholar, Dayan
  Beth din
  
  A beth din, beit din or beis din is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the building block of the legal system in the Land of Israel....
   of Prague
  Prague
  
  Prague is the Capital and World's largest cities of the Czech Republic. Its official name is Hlavn? mesto Praha, meaning Prague, the Capital City....
  , accused of heresy
• Moshe Feinstein
  Moshe Feinstein
  
  Moshe Feinstein was a Lithuanian Jews Orthodox Judaism rabbi, scholar and posek , who was world-renowned for his expertise in Halakha and was regarded by many as the de facto supreme rabbinic authority for Orthodox Jewry of North America....
   (Igrot Moshe), 20th century Russian-American Halakhist, Posek, and Talmudist
• Nosson Tzvi Finkel (Alter/Sabba of Slabodka), early 20th century founder of Slabodka Yeshiva, Lithuania. Disciples opened major yeshivas in US and Israel
• Kalonymus Haberkasten
  Kalonymus Haberkasten
  
  Rabbi Kalonymus Haberkasten was a Talmudist in sixteenth century Poland. He is well known as the rosh yeshiva of many great rabbis including Rabbi Solomon Luria; his daughter Lipka married Luria....
  , 16th century Polish rabbi, Rosh Yeshiva
  Rosh yeshiva
  
  Rosh yeshiva, , , is the title given to the Dean of a Yeshiva . It is made up of the Hebrew words rosh ? meaning head, and yeshiva ? a school of religious Jewish education....
   of many early Acharonim
• Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi
  Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi
  
  Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi was a Lithuanian rabbi.He was born at Brest-Litovsk in 1615; died at Zolkiev January 3 1690. After he had studied under Hirsh Darshan, Hillel went to Vilnius, where from 1650 to 1651 he was a member of the rabbinical college....
   (Bet Hillel), 17th century Lithuanian scholar
• Samson Raphael Hirsch
  Samson Raphael Hirsch
  
  Samson Raphael Hirsch was a Germany rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism....
  , 19th century German rabbi, founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz movement
• Yitzchok Hutner
  Yitzchok Hutner
  
  Yitzchok Hutner was an Orthodox Judaism rabbi and American rosh yeshiva born in Warsaw, Poland, to a family with both Ger Hasidic Judaism and non-Hasidic Lithuanian Jews roots....
   (Pachad Yitzchok), 20th century European-born, American and Israeli Rosh Yeshiva
• Moshe Isserles (Rema), 16th century Polish halakhic authority and Posek, author of HaMapah component of the Shulkhan Arukh.
• Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz (Chazon Ish), 20th century Belarussian-born, leading halakhic authority and leader of Haredi Judaism
  Haredi Judaism
  
  Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. A follower of Haredi Judaism is called a Haredi ....
   in Israel.
• Yisrael Meir Kagan
  Yisrael Meir Kagan
  
  Yisrael Meir Kagan sobriquet as The Chofetz Chaim was an influential Eastern European rabbi, Halakha, and ethics whose works continue to be widely influential in Jewish life....
   (Chofetz Chaim), 20th century Polish Halakhist, Posek, and moralist
• Yosef Karo
  Yosef Karo
  
  Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, also spelled Caro, or Qaro, was author of the last great codification of Jewish law, the Shulchan Aruch, which is still authoritative for Orthodox Jewry....
   (the Mechaber), 16th century Spanish and Land of Israel legal codifier of the Shulkhan Arukh code of Torah Law
• Abraham Isaac Kook
  Abraham Isaac Kook
  
  File:Abraham Isaac Kook 1924.jpgAbraham Isaac Kook was the first Ashkenazi Jews chief rabbi of the British Mandate for Palestine, the founder of the Religious Zionism Yeshiva Merkaz HaRav, Jewish thinker, Halacha, Kabbalah and a renowned Torah scholar....
  , 20th century philosopher and mystic, first chief rabbi of Palestine
• Judah Loew ben Bezalel
  Judah Loew ben Bezalel
  
  Judah Loew ben Bezalel also written as Yehudah ben Bezalel Levai [or Loewe, L?we], was an important Talmudic scholar, Kabbalah, and philosopher who served as a leading rabbi in Prague for most of his life....
   (Maharal), 16th century Prague mystic and Talmudist
• Isaac Luria
  Isaac Luria
  
  Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Judaism mystic in Safed. His name today is attached to all of the mystic thought in the town of Safed in 16th century Ottoman Palestine....
   (Ari), 16th century Cairo and Holy Land mystic, founder of Lurianic Kabbalah
• Solomon Luria
  Solomon Luria
  
  Solomon Luria was one of the great Ashkenazic posek and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha, Yam Shel Shlomo, and his Talmudic commentary Chochmat Shlomo....
   (Maharshal), 16th century Posek and Talmudist
• Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
  Moshe Chaim Luzzatto
  
  Moshe Chaim Luzzatto , also known by the Hebrew language acronym RaMCHaL , was a prominent Italy Jewish rabbi, kabbalist, and Jewish philosophy....
   (Ramchal), 18th century Italian philosopher, mystic, and moralist
• Meir Leib ben Yechiel Michel
  Malbim
  
  Me?r Leibush ben Jehiel Michel Weiser , better known by the acronym Malbim , was a Russian rabbi, preacher, and meforshim....
   (Malbim), 19th century Russian preacher and scholar
• Meir Simcha of Dvinsk
  Meir Simcha of Dvinsk
  
  Rabbi Meir Simcha of Dvinsk was a rabbi and prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in Eastern Europe in the early 20th century. He was a kohen, and is therefore often referred to as Meir Simcha ha-Kohen ....
   (Ohr Sameiach, Meshech Chochmah), Lithuanian-Latvian Talmudist and communal leader
• Menasseh Ben Israel
  Menasseh Ben Israel
  
  Manoel Dias Soeiro , better known by his Hebrew language name Menasseh Ben Israel , was a Spanish and Portuguese Jews rabbi, Kabbalah, scholar, writer, diplomat, printer and publisher, founder of the first Hebrew printing press in Amsterdam in 1626....
  , 17th century Portuguese/Dutch Kabbalist, diplomat and publisher
• Obadiah ben Abraham
  Obadiah ben Abraham
  
  Obadiah ben Abraham of Bertinoro was a Jewish rabbi and a commentator on the Mishnah, commonly known as "The Bartenura" or Obadiah of Bertinoro....
   of Bertinoro, (Bartenura), 15th century commentator on the Mishnah
• Chaim Rabinowitz
  Chaim Rabinowitz
  
  Rabbi Chaim Shalom Tuvia Rabinowitz was a famous Lithuania Rabbi and Rosh Yeshiva.Rabbi Rabinowitz was a student of Rabbi Yitzchak Elchanan Spektor and of Rabbi Meir Simcha of Dvinsk - the author of the Ohr Somayach ....
  , Rosh Yeshivah in Telz, Lithuania
• Yisrael Lipkin Salanter, 19th century Lithuanian ethicist and moralist
• David HaLevi Segal
  David HaLevi Segal
  
  David HaLevi Segal , also known as the Taz or the Turei Zahav, was a prominent Jews of Poland halakha authority and author of a significant commentary on the Shulchan Aruch....
   (Taz), 16th century Halakhist, major commentator on the Shulkhan Aruch
• Sforno
  Sforno
  
  'Sforno' is the name of a prominent Jewish Italy family, many members of which distinguished themselves as rabbis and scholars. The most prominent of these were the following:...
  , 15th, 16th, and 17th-century family of Italian Torah scholars and philosophers
• Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno
  Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno
  
  Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno was an Italy rabbi, Jewish commentaries on the Bible, philosopher and physician. He was born at Cesena about 1475 and died at Bologna in 1550....
   (Sforno), 16th century Italian scholar and rationalist
• Shalom Sharabi
  Shalom Sharabi
  
  Sar Shalom Sharabi , also known as the Rashash, the Shemesh or Ribbi Shalom Mizra?i deyedi`a Sharabi , was a Yemenite Jews Rabbi, Halachist, Chazzan and Kabbalah....
  , 18th/19th-century Yemenite Sage, Kabbalist and founder of the Beit El Yeshiva, Jerusalem
• Moses Sofer
  Moses Sofer
  
  Rabbi Moshe Sofer, , also known by his main work Chasam Sofer, , , was one of the leading Orthodox Judaism rabbis of European Judaism in the first half of the nineteenth century....
   (Chatam Sofer), 19th century Slovakian rabbi
• Chaim HaLevi Soloveitchik ("Reb Chaim Brisker"), 19th century Rosh Yeshivah in Volozhyn
• Chaim Vital
  Hayyim ben Joseph Vital
  
  Hayyim ben Joseph Vital was a foremost exponent of Kabbalah....
  , 16th century Kabbalist and primary disciple of Rabbi Isaac Luria
  Isaac Luria
  
  Rabbi Isaac Luria was a Judaism mystic in Safed. His name today is attached to all of the mystic thought in the town of Safed in 16th century Ottoman Palestine....
  
• Ovadia Yosef
  Ovadia Yosef
  
  Rabbi Ovadia Yosef is a Sephardi Jews Haredi Judaism rabbi, Talmudic scholar, and recognized halakha authority. He is the former Sephardi Jews Chief Rabbinate of Israel and the current spiritual leader of the Shas political party in the Israeli Knesset....
  , Iraqi-born Halakhist, Posek and Sephardic Chief Rabbi of Israel
• Yisroel ben Eliezer (Baal Shem Tov) considered to be the founder of Hasidic Judaism
  Hasidic Judaism
  
  Hasidic Judaism is a type of Orthodox Judaism or Haredi Judaism Orthodox Judaism religious movement. Some refer to Hasidic Judaism as Hasidism, and the adjective chasidic / hasidic applies....
  
• David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra
  David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra
  
  Rabbi David ben Solomon ibn Zimra , also called Radbaz after the initials of his name, Rabbi David iBn Zimra, was an early Acharonim of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries who was a leading posek, rosh yeshiva, chief rabbi, and author of more than 3,000 Responsa#In Judaism as well as several scholarly wo...
   (Radbaz), 15th/16th century Halakhist, Posek and Chief Rabbi of Egypt
  Egypt
  
  Egypt is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Western Asia. Covering an area of about , Egypt borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west....
  
• Moshe Zevulun Margolies ("RaMaZ")

See also

• Rabbinic literature
  Rabbinic literature
  
  Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Judaism history. But the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the Hebrew language term Sifrut Hazal ....
  
• Eras of history important in Jewish law
  Halakha
  
  Halakha ? also Hebrew transliteration Halocho and Halacha ? is the collective body of Judaism religious law, including biblical law and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions....
  
• List of rabbis
  List of rabbis
  
  This is a list of prominent rabbis. Rabbis are Judaism's spiritual and religious leaders.See also: List of Jews....
  
• History of Responsa: Acharonim
  History of Responsa
  
  History of responsa in Judaism spans a period of 1,700 years. Responsa#In Judaism constitute a special class of rabbinic literature, differing in form, but not necessarily in content, from Rabbinic commentaries devoted to the exegesis of the Tanakh, the Mishnah, the Talmud, and halakha ....
  

External links and references

• , Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan
  Aryeh Kaplan
  
  Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan was a noted United States Orthodox Judaism rabbi and author with a background in both physics and Judaism. He was lauded as an original thinker and prolific writer, from studies of the Torah, Talmud and Kabbalah to introductory pamphlets on Jewish beliefs and Jewish philosophy aimed at non-religious and Baal teshuva Jews....
  
• , faqs.org
• (MP3
  MP3
  
  MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a digital audio Encoder format using a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio storage, as well as a de facto standard encoding for the transfer and playback of music on digital audio players....
  s), Rabbi R Y Eisenman
• & , chabad.org
• Mini-biographies from chaburas.org