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Acetogenesis
 
 
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Acetogenesis is a process through which acetate
Acetate

An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....
 is produced by anaerobic bacteria from a variety of energy (for example, hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
) and carbon (for example, carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
) sources. The different bacterial species that are capable of acetogenesis are collectively termed acetogen
Acetogen

The term acetogen refers to a bacterium that generates acetate as a product of anaerobic respiration. This process is different from acetate fermentation, although both occur in the absence of oxygen and produce acetate....
s.








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Acetogenesis is a process through which acetate
Acetate

An acetate, or ethanoate, is either a salt or ester of acetic acid.In chemistry, the abbreviation Ac refers to the acetyl group. The anion and the functional group may be written as -OAc and AcO-, or OAc respectively....
 is produced by anaerobic bacteria from a variety of energy (for example, hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
) and carbon (for example, carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
) sources. The different bacterial species that are capable of acetogenesis are collectively termed acetogen
Acetogen

The term acetogen refers to a bacterium that generates acetate as a product of anaerobic respiration. This process is different from acetate fermentation, although both occur in the absence of oxygen and produce acetate....
s.

Chemical equation

2 CO2 (aq) + 4H2 (aq) = CH3COOH (aq) + 2H2O

Acetogenesis and anaerobic digestion

Acetogenesis is the third stage of anaerobic digestion
  • Hydrolysis
    Hydrolysis

    Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction during which one or more water are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions....
    : Particulates are solubilised and large polymer
    Polymer

    A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a variety of properties....
    s, converted into simpler monomer
    Monomer

    A monomer is a small molecule that may become Chemistry chemical bonding to other monomers to form a polymer....
    s;
  • Acidogenesis
    Acidogenesis

    Acidogenesis represents the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion:* Hydrolysis: A chemical reaction where particulates are solubilized and large polymers converted into simpler monomers;...
    : Simple monomers are converted into volatile fatty acids
    Volatile fatty acids

    Volatile fatty acids are fatty acids with a carbon chain of six carbons or fewer.They can be created through fermentation in the intestine....
    ;
  • Acetogenesis: Volatile fatty acids are converted into acetic acid
    Acetic acid

    Acetic acid, CH3COOH, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid which gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. Pure, water-free acetic acid is a colourless liquid that absorbs water from the environment , and freezes at 16.7 Celsius to a colourless crystalline solid....
    , carbon dioxide
    Carbon dioxide

    Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
    , and hydrogen
    Hydrogen

    Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
    ; and
  • Methanogenesis
    Methanogenesis

    Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the Kingdom Archaea, a group Phylogenetics distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria....
    : Acetate is converted into methane and carbon dioxide, while hydrogen is consumed.


See also

  • Anaerobic digestion
    Anaerobic digestion

    Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. It is widely used to treat wastewater sludges and biodegradable waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material....
  • Acidogenesis
    Acidogenesis

    Acidogenesis represents the second stage in the four stages of anaerobic digestion:* Hydrolysis: A chemical reaction where particulates are solubilized and large polymers converted into simpler monomers;...
  • Methanogenesis
    Methanogenesis

    Methanogenesis or biomethanation is the formation of methane by microbes known as methanogens. Organisms capable of producing methane have been identified only from the Kingdom Archaea, a group Phylogenetics distinct from both eukaryotes and bacteria, although many live in close association with anaerobic bacteria....