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Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

 

 
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Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
 
 
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In physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way by which the energy
Energy

In physics, energy is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of Work_ that can be performed by a force. Energy is an attribute of objects and systems that is subject to a conservation law....
 of a photon
Photon

In physics, the photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field and the basic unit of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation....
 is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom. Thus, the electromagnetic energy is transformed to other forms of energy, for example, to heat. The absorption of light during wave propagation
Wave propagation

Wave propagation is any of the ways in which wave s travel.With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves....
 is often called attenuation. Usually, the absorption of waves does not depend on their intensity (linear absorption), although in certain conditions (usually, in optics
Optics

Optics is the study of the behavior and properties of light including its optical phenomena with matter and its imaging by optical instruments....
), the medium changes its transparency dependently on the intensity of waves going through, and the Saturable absorption
Saturable absorption

Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity. Most materials show some saturable absorption, but often only at very high optical intensities ....
 (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.

absorbance
Absorbance

In spectroscopy, the absorbance A is defined as,where is the intensity of light at a specified wavelength ? that has passed through a sample and is the intensity of the light before it enters the sample or incident light intensity....
 of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (not all photons get absorbed, some are reflected
Reflection (physics)

Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an wiktionary:interface between two differentmedium so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated....
 or refracted
Refraction

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one optical medium to another....
 instead).






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Encyclopedia


In physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way by which the energy
Energy

In physics, energy is a scalar physical quantity that describes the amount of Work_ that can be performed by a force. Energy is an attribute of objects and systems that is subject to a conservation law....
 of a photon
Photon

In physics, the photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field and the basic unit of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation....
 is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom. Thus, the electromagnetic energy is transformed to other forms of energy, for example, to heat. The absorption of light during wave propagation
Wave propagation

Wave propagation is any of the ways in which wave s travel.With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal wave and transverse waves....
 is often called attenuation. Usually, the absorption of waves does not depend on their intensity (linear absorption), although in certain conditions (usually, in optics
Optics

Optics is the study of the behavior and properties of light including its optical phenomena with matter and its imaging by optical instruments....
), the medium changes its transparency dependently on the intensity of waves going through, and the Saturable absorption
Saturable absorption

Saturable absorption is a property of materials where the absorption of light decreases with increasing light intensity. Most materials show some saturable absorption, but often only at very high optical intensities ....
 (or nonlinear absorption) occurs.

Quantitative measurements

The absorbance
Absorbance

In spectroscopy, the absorbance A is defined as,where is the intensity of light at a specified wavelength ? that has passed through a sample and is the intensity of the light before it enters the sample or incident light intensity....
 of an object quantifies how much of the incident light is absorbed by it (not all photons get absorbed, some are reflected
Reflection (physics)

Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an wiktionary:interface between two differentmedium so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated....
 or refracted
Refraction

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one optical medium to another....
 instead). This may be related to other properties of the object through the Beer-Lambert law
Beer-Lambert law

In optics, the Beer?Lambert law, also known as Beer's law or the Lambert?Beer law or the Beer?Lambert?Bouguer law is an empirical relationship that relates the Absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling....
.

Precise measurements of the absorbance at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via absorption spectroscopy
Absorption spectroscopy

Absorption spectroscopy refers to a range of techniques employing the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In absorption spectroscopy, the intensity of a beam of light measured before and after interaction with a sample is compared....
, where a sample is illuminated from one side, and the intensity of the light that exits from the sample in every direction is measured.

See also

  • Hydroxyl ion absorption
    Hydroxyl ion absorption

    Hydroxyl ion absorption is the Absorption in optical fibers of electromagnetic waves, including the near-infrared, due to the presence of trapped hydroxyl ions remaining from water as a contaminant....
  • Water absorption
    Water absorption

    Water absorption is a phenomenon in the transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a medium containing water molecules. Water molecules are excited by radiation at certain wavelengths and tend to selectively Absorbance portions of the spectrum while allowing the balance of the spectrum to be Transmittance with minimal effect....
  • Photosynthesis
    Photosynthesis

    File:Seawifs global biosphere.jpgPhotosynthesis is a metabolic pathway that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight....
  • UV-visible spectroscopy
  • Solar cell
    Solar cell

    A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is unspecified....
  • Albedo
    Albedo

    The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the Sun. It is therefore a more specific form of the term reflectivity....


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