ANPI
Encyclopedia
The National association of the Italian Partisans: Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia (ANPI), is an association founded by the participants to the Italian resistance
against the fascist and the nazist occupation during World War II
. The association was born in Rome
in 1944 while the war in the northern part of Italy was still continuing. The association was constituted as a moral foundation
on the 5 April 1945.
the 6 June 1944, while the northern part of Italy was still fighting against the Nazists and the puppet state
of the Italian Social Republic
.
The association was created by volunteers that took part to the partisan war in the central regions of the Italian peninsula.
After the fall of the Italian Social Republic
the ANPI spread over the country: even in the south of Italy, where the resistance fights were rare but from where many of the partisans
that fought in the center-north of Italy, Jugoslavia, Greece, France came from.
On 5 April 1945, the day when the ANPI was constituted as moral foundation
, the association represented all the Italian partisans and it was managed by a council where all the different brigades that fought the war were present (Brigate Garibaldi, Ferruccio Parri
’s Giustizia e libertà
, independent, Brigate Matteotti, Mazzini and catholic partisans groups), but after the first national congress that took place in Rome in 1947, problems arose, due to the very different visions of internal and foreign politics.
The intense discussions eventually caused the exit of same partisan groups:
ANPI national congresses are::
The defense against Historical revisionism
and the ideal and ethical support to the high values of freedom and democracy expressed in the 1948 Constitution
, in which were collected the ideals of the Italian resistance
.
altogether with the categories enlisted in the article 23 of its regulation ("partisans, patriots, soldiers that fought against German soldiers after the armistice", prisoners or deported – during the civil war
- for political activities or racial discrimination, imprisoned militaries that did not support the Italian Social Republic
),
but also all the citizens that, without any distinction of age, will declare and subscribe to be antifascist
, in accordance to ANPI regulation.
With the introduction of this new regulation, approved during the at the 14º congress, in 2006; ANPI allowed a generational change of the association members, that, in 2010 counted about 110.000 affiliated :
In particular, in addition to 10% of “historic partisans” there are 10% of young people between 18 and 30 years, while the majority (60-65%) are people between 35–65 years old.
In three years, between 2006 and 3009, members increased from 83.000 to 110.000, with a great numbers of young antifascists elected to high rank positions at the local and national level.
In June 2010, Dacia Maraini
and Concita De Gregorio created a membership enrolment campaign that recruited many artists and intellectuals as testimonials. Among them were Fiorella Mannoia
, Mario Monicelli
, Neri Marcorè, Simone Cristicchi
, Emma Dante, Gigi Proietti
, Moni Ovadia
, Ugo Gregoretti
, Marco Bellocchio, Giorgia, Monica Guerritore
, Sabrina Ferilli
, Massimo Carlotto, Emma Dante, Roberta Torre, Irene Grandi
, Matteo Garrone
, Roberto Citran, Giuliano Montaldo
, Paolo Sorrentino
, Gustavo Zagrebelsky
, Margherita Hack
, Vincenzo Consolo
, Marco Paolini
, Liliana Cavani
, Toni Servillo
, Andrea Camilleri
, Cristina and Francesca Comencini
, Serena Dandini, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Ellekappa, Claudia Mori
, Simona Marchini, Fabrizio Gifuni, Nicky Nicolai, Dario Fo
and Franca Rame
, Michele Placido
, Sergio Staino, Lidia Ravera
, Nadia Urbinati, Vauro, Lucio Villari
The headquarters of the association is in Rome, Via degli Scipioni 271.
Arrigo Boldrini was the ANPI president from the first congress (1947) until 2006.
During the 14th congress the new honorary president Agostino Casali was elected.
Raimondo Ricci is the national president and Armando Cossutta
is the vice-president.
The magazine focuses on historical-political issues; it contributes to notify events related to the Italian resistance.
The director of this magazine since 2009 is Wladimiro Settimelli.
During the event are organized meetings, debates and musical concerts that focus on anti-fascism, peace and democrazy.
Italian resistance movement
The Italian resistance is the umbrella term for the various partisan forces formed by pro-Allied Italians during World War II...
against the fascist and the nazist occupation during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The association was born in Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
in 1944 while the war in the northern part of Italy was still continuing. The association was constituted as a moral foundation
Nonprofit organization
Nonprofit organization is neither a legal nor technical definition but generally refers to an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals, rather than distributing them as profit or dividends...
on the 5 April 1945.
History
The National Association of the Italian Partisans: “Associazione Nazionale Partigiani d'Italia” (ANPI) was costituituted in RomeRome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
the 6 June 1944, while the northern part of Italy was still fighting against the Nazists and the puppet state
Puppet state
A puppet state is a nominal sovereign of a state who is de facto controlled by a foreign power. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette...
of the Italian Social Republic
Italian Social Republic
The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control...
.
The association was created by volunteers that took part to the partisan war in the central regions of the Italian peninsula.
After the fall of the Italian Social Republic
Italian Social Republic
The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control...
the ANPI spread over the country: even in the south of Italy, where the resistance fights were rare but from where many of the partisans
Partisan (military)
A partisan is a member of an irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity...
that fought in the center-north of Italy, Jugoslavia, Greece, France came from.
On 5 April 1945, the day when the ANPI was constituted as moral foundation
Nonprofit organization
Nonprofit organization is neither a legal nor technical definition but generally refers to an organization that uses surplus revenues to achieve its goals, rather than distributing them as profit or dividends...
, the association represented all the Italian partisans and it was managed by a council where all the different brigades that fought the war were present (Brigate Garibaldi, Ferruccio Parri
Ferruccio Parri
Ferruccio Parri was an Italian partisan and politician who served as the 43rd Prime Minister of Italy for several months in 1945. During the resistance he was known as Maurizio.-Biography:...
’s Giustizia e libertà
Giustizia e Libertà
Giustizia e Libertà was an Italian anti-fascist organization, active from 1929 to 1945.- Italian anti-fascist organization :The anti-fascist organization Giustizia e Libertà was founded in Paris in 1929 by the Italian refugees Carlo Rosselli, Emilio Lussu, Alberto Tarchiani, and Ernesto Rossi...
, independent, Brigate Matteotti, Mazzini and catholic partisans groups), but after the first national congress that took place in Rome in 1947, problems arose, due to the very different visions of internal and foreign politics.
The intense discussions eventually caused the exit of same partisan groups:
- in 1948, Independent and catholic groups created the FIVL: Italian Federazion Freedom’s volunteers (Federazione Italiana Volontari della Libertà)
- in 1949, the groups related to Giustizia e LibertàGiustizia e LibertàGiustizia e Libertà was an Italian anti-fascist organization, active from 1929 to 1945.- Italian anti-fascist organization :The anti-fascist organization Giustizia e Libertà was founded in Paris in 1929 by the Italian refugees Carlo Rosselli, Emilio Lussu, Alberto Tarchiani, and Ernesto Rossi...
, created the FIAP: Italian Federation of the Partisan Associations: (Federazione Italiana delle Associazioni Partigiane).
The congresses
- RomeRomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, 6–9 December 1947. - VeniceVeniceVenice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, 19–21 March 1949 - RomeRomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, 27-29 giugno 1952 - MilanMilanMilan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, 6–8 April 1956 - TurinTurinTurin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
, 19–21 June 1959 - RomeRomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, 14–16 February 1964 - BolognaBolognaBologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
, 18–21 March 1971 - FlorenceFlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, 4–7 November 1976 - GenoaGenoaGenoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, 26–29 March 1981 - MilanMilanMilan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, 10–13 December 1986 - BolognaBolognaBologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,...
, 2–5 June 1991 - NaplesNaplesNaples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, 28–30 June 1996 - Abano TermeAbano TermeAbano Terme is a town and comune in the province of Padua, in the Veneto region, Italy, on the eastern slope of the Colli Euganei; it is 10 kilometers southwest by rail from Padua. Abano Terme's population is 19,062 .The town's hot springs and mud baths are the main economic resource...
(PDProvince of PaduaThe Province of Padua is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Padua.-History and territory:...
), 29–31 March 2001 - Chianciano TermeChianciano TermeChianciano Terme is a comune in the Province of Siena in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southeast of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Siena...
(SIProvince of SienaThe Province of Siena is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Siena.It has an area of 3,821 km² , and a total population of 252,288 . There are 36 comuni in the province...
), 24–26 February 2006 - TurinTurinTurin is a city and major business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River and surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat...
, 24–27 March 2011:
Objectives
ANPI’s objectives are the valorization of the historical role of the partisan war by mean of researches and the collection of personal memories.The defense against Historical revisionism
Historical revisionism
In historiography, historical revisionism is the reinterpretation of orthodox views on evidence, motivations, and decision-making processes surrounding a historical event...
and the ideal and ethical support to the high values of freedom and democracy expressed in the 1948 Constitution
Constitution of Italy
The Constitution of the Italian Republic was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947, with 453 votes in favour and 62 against. The text, which has since been amended 13 times, was promulgated in the extraordinary edition of Gazzetta Ufficiale No. 298 on 27 December 1947...
, in which were collected the ideals of the Italian resistance
Italian resistance movement
The Italian resistance is the umbrella term for the various partisan forces formed by pro-Allied Italians during World War II...
.
Members
Differently from other veterans associations, today can become ANPI membersaltogether with the categories enlisted in the article 23 of its regulation ("partisans, patriots, soldiers that fought against German soldiers after the armistice", prisoners or deported – during the civil war
Italian Campaign (World War II)
The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war in Europe. Joint Allied Forces Headquarters AFHQ was operationally responsible for all Allied land forces in the Mediterranean theatre, and it planned and commanded the...
- for political activities or racial discrimination, imprisoned militaries that did not support the Italian Social Republic
Italian Social Republic
The Italian Social Republic was a puppet state of Nazi Germany led by the "Duce of the Nation" and "Minister of Foreign Affairs" Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. The RSI exercised nominal sovereignty in northern Italy but was largely dependent on the Wehrmacht to maintain control...
),
but also all the citizens that, without any distinction of age, will declare and subscribe to be antifascist
Anti-fascism
Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals, such as that of the resistance movements during World War II. The related term antifa derives from Antifaschismus, which is German for anti-fascism; it refers to individuals and groups on the left of the political...
, in accordance to ANPI regulation.
With the introduction of this new regulation, approved during the at the 14º congress, in 2006; ANPI allowed a generational change of the association members, that, in 2010 counted about 110.000 affiliated :
In particular, in addition to 10% of “historic partisans” there are 10% of young people between 18 and 30 years, while the majority (60-65%) are people between 35–65 years old.
In three years, between 2006 and 3009, members increased from 83.000 to 110.000, with a great numbers of young antifascists elected to high rank positions at the local and national level.
In June 2010, Dacia Maraini
Dacia Maraini
Dacia Maraini is an Italian writer. She is the daughter of Sicilian Princess Topazia Alliata di Salaparuta, an artist and art dealer, and of Fosco Maraini, a Florentine ethnologist and mountaineer of mixed Ticinese, English and Polish background who wrote in particular on Tibet and Japan...
and Concita De Gregorio created a membership enrolment campaign that recruited many artists and intellectuals as testimonials. Among them were Fiorella Mannoia
Fiorella Mannoia
-The Beginning:Fiorella Mannoia's father Luigi was an Italian film stuntman, and Fiorella, her brother Maurizio and sister Patrizia began work in this area as children. Fiorella Mannoia's first film role as stuntwoman was at the age of 13 in the film Non cantare, spara!...
, Mario Monicelli
Mario Monicelli
Mario Monicelli was an Italian director and screenwriter and one of the masters of the Commedia all'Italiana , three times nominated for Oscar.-Biography:...
, Neri Marcorè, Simone Cristicchi
Simone Cristicchi
-Biography:In March 2007, Simone won the 57th edition of the Sanremo music festival. His song "Ti regalerò una rosa" won due to extremely high marks received from the festival staff and popular vote. The lyrics to the song are taken from papers he found that were written by a man who was in a...
, Emma Dante, Gigi Proietti
Gigi Proietti
Luigi "Gigi" Proietti is an Italian actor, director, dubber and singer.-Early life:He was born in Rome to Romano Proietti, a man from Umbria, and Giovanna Ceci, a housewife. During his youth he was keen on singing and on playing guitar, piano, accordion and double bass in several roman night clubs...
, Moni Ovadia
Moni Ovadia
Moni Ovadia is an Italian actor, musician, singer and theatrical author. "Moni" is short for "Salomone" .-Career:Ovadia was born in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, in 1946 to a Jewish family who moved to Milan in Ovadia's early childhood...
, Ugo Gregoretti
Ugo Gregoretti
Ugo Gregoretti is an Italian film director, actor and screenwriter. He has directed 20 films since 1956. He was born in Rome, Italy.-Selected filmography:* Ro.Go.Pa.G. * Les plus belles escroqueries du monde...
, Marco Bellocchio, Giorgia, Monica Guerritore
Monica Guerritore
Monica Guerritore is an Italian actress of cinema, theatre and television.-Biography:After her debut at just sixteen years of age under the direction of Giorgio Strehler in The Cherry Orchard , she tied herself romantically and artistically to...
, Sabrina Ferilli
Sabrina Ferilli
Sabrina Ferilli is an Italian theater and movie actress.- Selected filmography :* Natale a Beverly Hills * Tutta la vita davanti * Natale A New York * Dalida...
, Massimo Carlotto, Emma Dante, Roberta Torre, Irene Grandi
Irene Grandi
-Biography:Irene Grandi was born in Florence.She debuted in the Sanremo Music Festival in the category New Proposed with "Fuori", in 1994, which was later won by Andrea Bocelli, who was also debuting the same year....
, Matteo Garrone
Matteo Garrone
Matteo Garrone is an Italian film maker.Born in Rome, the son of a theatre critic, Nico Garrone and a photographer, in 1996 Garrone won the Sacher d'Oro, an award sponsored by Nanni Moretti, with the short film Silhouette, that became one of the three episodes that are on his first long film ...
, Roberto Citran, Giuliano Montaldo
Giuliano Montaldo
Giuliano Montaldo is an Italian film director.While he was still a young student, Montaldo was recruited by the director Carlo Lizzani for the role of leading actor in the film Achtung! Banditi!...
, Paolo Sorrentino
Paolo Sorrentino
Paolo Sorrentino is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He was born in Naples.Sorrentino's first film as screenwriter, Polvere di Napoli, was released in 1998. He began directing several short movies, like L'amore non ha confini, in 1998, and La notte lunga, in 2001...
, Gustavo Zagrebelsky
Gustavo Zagrebelsky
Gustavo Zagrebelsky, born , is an Italian constitutionalist.Zagrebelsky was born in San Germano Chisone, brother of Vladimiro Zagrebelsky, judge at the European Court of Human Rights. He was appointed as an Italian Constitutional Judge by the Italian Republic President on 9 September 1995, swearing...
, Margherita Hack
Margherita Hack
Margherita Hack is an Italian astrophysicist and popular science writer. The asteroid 8558 Hack, discovered in 1995, was named in her honor.-Biography:...
, Vincenzo Consolo
Vincenzo Consolo
Vincenzo Consolo is an Italian writer. He has lived in Milan since 1969. He debuted in 1963, but gained wider attention in 1976 with Il sorriso dell’ignoto marinaio and has since become an award-winning author.- References :...
, Marco Paolini
Marco Paolini
Marco Paolini is an Italian stage actor, theatre director, dramaturge and author.- Personal background :Paolini is the son of a railroad engineer from Belluno, Italy. In the 1970s, he moved to Treviso and started working in theatre....
, Liliana Cavani
Liliana Cavani
Liliana Cavani is an Italian film director and screenwriter. She belongs to a generation of Italian filmmakers that came into prominence in the 1970s and includes Bernardo Bertolucci, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Marco Bellochio. Cavani became internationally known after the success of her 1974 feature...
, Toni Servillo
Toni Servillo
Toni Servillo; is an award-winning Italian television and film actor and director of theater, opera and film.-Personal life:Servillo was born in Afragola, Campania, the brother of musician Peppe Servillo...
, Andrea Camilleri
Andrea Camilleri
Andrea Camilleri is an Italian writer.-Biography:Originally from Porto Empedocle, Sicily, Camilleri, began studies at the Faculty of Literature in 1944, without concluding them, meanwhile publishing poems and short stories.From 1948 to 1950 Camilleri studied stage and film direction at the Silvio...
, Cristina and Francesca Comencini
Francesca Comencini
Francesca Comencini is an Italian film director and screenwriter. She attended the Lycée français Chateaubriand school with her sisters. She has directed 14 films since 1984. Her film Le parole di mio padre was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival...
, Serena Dandini, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Ellekappa, Claudia Mori
Claudia Mori
Claudia Mori , is an Italian actress, singer, television producer, and wife of the singer Adriano Celentano.-1960s:...
, Simona Marchini, Fabrizio Gifuni, Nicky Nicolai, Dario Fo
Dario Fo
Dario Fo is an Italian satirist, playwright, theater director, actor and composer. His dramatic work employs comedic methods of the ancient Italian commedia dell'arte, a theatrical style popular with the working classes. He currently owns and operates a theatre company with his wife, actress...
and Franca Rame
Franca Rame
Franca Rame is an Italian theatre actress and playwright. She is also the wife of Nobel Prize winning author Dario Fo and the mother of the writer Jacopo Fo.- Life :...
, Michele Placido
Michele Placido
Michele Placido is an internationally known Italian actor and director. He is best known for the role of Corrado Cattani in the TV series La Piovra.-Life and career:...
, Sergio Staino, Lidia Ravera
Lidia Ravera
Lidia Ravera is an Italian writer, journalist, essayist and screenwriter.She became famous in 1976 for Porci con le ali, co-written by Marco Lombardo Radice, a novel dealing with the myths and ideals of the years around 1968.-Bibliography:*Porci con le ali *Ammazzare il tempo *Bambino...
, Nadia Urbinati, Vauro, Lucio Villari
Structure
The association is currently structured with local group, district group, council group, provinaicial and regional committees.The headquarters of the association is in Rome, Via degli Scipioni 271.
Arrigo Boldrini was the ANPI president from the first congress (1947) until 2006.
During the 14th congress the new honorary president Agostino Casali was elected.
Raimondo Ricci is the national president and Armando Cossutta
Armando Cossutta
-Life:Born in Milan, Cosutta joined the Italian Communist Party in 1943, and took part in the Italian resistance movement as a partisan. After World War II, he became one of the leading members of the party, representing the most pro-Soviet Union tendency; his belief in that country as the...
is the vice-president.
Patria Indipendente
ANPI monthly publishes a magazine named “Patria Independente” (Independent nation),The magazine focuses on historical-political issues; it contributes to notify events related to the Italian resistance.
The director of this magazine since 2009 is Wladimiro Settimelli.
ANPI National Festival
Since 2008, every two years, ANPI organizes its national festival.During the event are organized meetings, debates and musical concerts that focus on anti-fascism, peace and democrazy.
Editions
| Year | Title | Date | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | ANPI resistances. Democrazy and antifascism | 20 to 22 June | Gattatico Gattatico Gattatico is a comune in the Province of Reggio Emilia in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 80 km northwest of Bologna and about 15 km northwest of Reggio Emilia.... (Reggio Emilia Province of Reggio Emilia The Province of Reggio Emilia is one of the eight provinces of the Italian Region of Emilia-Romagna. The capital city, which is the most densely populated comune in the Province, is Reggio Emilia.... ), Museo Cervi |
Sito ufficiale |
| 2010 | Italians, by Costitutions | 24th al 27 June | Ancona Ancona Ancona is a city and a seaport in the Marche region, in central Italy, with a population of 101,909 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region.... , Mole Vanvitelliana |
Sito ufficiale |
See also
- Italian resistanceItalian resistance movementThe Italian resistance is the umbrella term for the various partisan forces formed by pro-Allied Italians during World War II...
- Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces
- International BrigadesInternational BrigadesThe International Brigades were military units made up of volunteers from different countries, who traveled to Spain to defend the Second Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939....