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4 x 100 metres relay
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The 4 × 100 metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 meters each. The first runners begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400 m race. A relay baton is carried by each runner and must be passed within a 20 m changeover box (usually marked by yellow lines) which extends 10 m on either side of each 100 m mark of the race.
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Encyclopedia
The 4 × 100 metres relay or sprint relay is an athletics track event run in lanes over one lap of the track with four runners completing 100 meters each. The first runners begin in the same stagger as for the individual 400 m race. A relay baton is carried by each runner and must be passed within a 20 m changeover box (usually marked by yellow lines) which extends 10 m on either side of each 100 m mark of the race. Another line is marked 10 m further back, which the outgoing runner must begin in front of to begin accelerating.
Baton transfers in this race are typically blind. The outgoing runner reaches a straight arm backwards when they enter the changeover box, or when the incoming runner makes a verbal signal. The outgoing runner does not look backwards, and it is the responsibility of the incoming runner to thrust the baton into the outstretched hand, and not let go until the outgoing runner takes hold of it. Runners on the first and third legs typically run on the inside of the lane with the baton in their right hand, while runners on the second and fourth legs take the baton in their left. Polished handovers can compensate for a lack of basic speed to some extent, and disqualification for dropping the baton or failing to transfer it within the box are common, even at the highest level.
The United States has traditionally dominated this event in the men's, being the first to run it below 38 seconds. The current World Record stands at 37.10 seconds as set by the Jamaican team at the 2008 Beijing Games. The fastest electronically timed anchor leg run is 8.70 seconds by Asafa Powell in the same race, though Bob Hayes was hand timed as running 8.5 seconds at the 1964 Tokyo Games. Carl Lewis ran the anchor leg on five U.S relay teams that broke the World Record from 1983-92.
In the women's event, the United States were considered by many to be the strongest team after years of East German domination, but failed to make it to the finals in the 2008 Olympic Summer Games when, during the semifinals, they dropped the baton during the transfer from Torri Edwards to Lauryn Williams. Evelyn Ashford ran on three consecutive Olympic gold medal winning teams 1984-92, and in 1984 final ran an anchor leg of 9.77 seconds the fastest ever. The women's world record stands at 41.37 seconds, set by East Germany in 1985.
Major Championship Winners
Men
- 2008 : (Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell) 37.10 WR
- 2004 : (Jason Gardener, Darren Campbell, Marlon Devonish, Mark Lewis-Francis) 38.07
- 2000 : (Jon Drummond, Bernard Williams, Brian Lewis, Maurice Greene) 37.61
- 1996 : (Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey) 37.69
- 1992 : (Michael Marsh, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis) 37.40 WR
- 1988 : (Viktor Bryzgin, Vladimir Krylov, Vladimir Muravyov, Vitaly Savin) 38.19
- 1984 : (Sam Graddy, Ron Brown, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis) 37.83 WR
- 1980 : (Vladimir Muravyov, Nikolay Sidorov, Andrey Prokofyev, Aleksandr Aksinin) 38.26
- 1976 : (Harvey Glance, John Wesley Jones, Millard Hampton, Steven Riddick) 38.33
- 1972 : (Larry Black, Robert Taylor, Gerald Tinker, Edward Hart) 38.19 WR
- 1968 : (Charles Greene, Melvin Pender, Ronnie Ray Smith, Jim Hines) 38.24 WR
- 1964 : (Paul Drayton, Gerald Ashworth, Richard Stebbins, Robert Hayes) 39.0 WR
- 1960 : (Bernd Cullmann, Armin Hary, Walter Mahlendorf, Martin Lauer) 39.5 EWR
- 1956 : (Ira Murchison, Leamon King, Thane Baker, Bobby Joe Morrow) 39.5 WR
- 1952 : (Dean Smith, Harrison Dillard, Lindy Remigino, Andrew Stanfield) 40.1
- 1948 : (Barney Ewell, Lorenzo Wright, Harrison Dillard, Mel Patton) 40.6
- 1936 : (Jesse Owens, Ralph Metcalfe, Foy Draper, Frank Wykoff) 39.8 WR
- 1932 : (Robert Kiesel, Emmett Toppino, Hector Dyer, Frank Wykoff) 40.0 WR
- 1928 : (Frank Wykoff, James Quinn, Charles Borah, Henry Russell) 41.0 EWR
- 1924 : (Frank Hussey, Louis Clarke, Loren Murchison, Alfred LeConey) 41.0 EWR (SF 41.0 WR)
- 1920 : (Charles Paddock, Jackson Scholz, Loren Murchison, Morris Kirksey) 42.2 WR
- 1912 : (David Jacobs, Henry Macintosh, Victor d'Arcy, William Applegarth) 42.4 (QR 42.3 WR)
Women
- 2008 : (Evgeniya Polyakova, Aleksandra Fedoriva, Yulia Gushchina, Yuliya Chermoshanskaya) 42.31
- 2004 : (Aleen Bailey, Veronica Campbell, Tayna Lawrence, Sherone Simpson) 41.73
- 2000 : (Savatheda Fynes, Chandra Sturrup, Pauline Davis-Thompson, Debbie Ferguson) 41.95
- 1996 : (Chryste Gaines, Gail Devers, Inger Miller, Gwen Torrence) 41.95
- 1992 : (Evelyn Ashford, Esther Jones, Carlette Guidry, Gwen Torrence) 42.11
- 1988 : (Alice Brown, Sheila Echols, Evelyn Ashford, Florence Griffith-Joyner) 41.98
- 1984 : (Alice Brown, Jeanette Bolden, Chandra Cheeseborough, Evelyn Ashford) 41.65
- 1980 : (Romy Müller, Bärbel Wöckel, Ingrid Auerswald, Marlies Göhr) 41.60 WR
- 1976 : (Marlies Oelsner, Renate Stecher, Carla Bodendorf, Bärbel Wöckel) 42.55 OR
- 1972 : (Christiane Krause, Ingrid Mickler-Becker, Annegret Richter, Heidemarie Rosendahl) 42.81 WR
- 1968 : (Barbara Ferrell, Margaret Bailes, Mildrette Netter, Wyomia Tyus) 42.88 WR
- 1964 : (Teresa Cieply, Irena Kirszenstein, Halina Górecka, Ewa Klobukowska) 43.6 WR
- 1960 : (Martha Hudson, Lucinda Williams, Barbara Jones, Wilma Rudolph) 44.5 (SF 44.4 WR)
- 1956 : (Shirley Strickland de la Hunty, Norma Croker, Fleur Mellor, Elizabeth Cuthbert) 44.5 WR
- 1952 : (Mae Faggs, Barbara Jones, Janet Moreau, Catherine Hardy) 45.9 WR
- 1948 : (Xenia Stad-de Jong, Netty Witziers-Timmer, Gerda van der Kade-Koudijs, Fanny Blankers-Koen) 47.5
- 1936 : (Harriet Bland, Annette Rogers, Elizabeth Robinson, Helen Stephens) 46.9 (R1 46.5 WR)
- 1932 : (Mary Carew, Evelyn Furtsch, Annette Rogers, Wilhelmina von Bremen) 46.9 WR
- 1928 : (Fanny Rosenfeld, Ethel Smith, Jane Bell, Myrtle Cook) 48.4 WR
World Championships in Athletics
Men
- 2007: (Darvis Patton, Wallace Spearmon, Tyson Gay, LeRoy Dixon) 37.78
- 2005: (Ladji Doucouré, Ronald Pognon, Eddy De Lépine, Lueyi Dovy) 38.08
- 2003: (John Capel, Bernard Williams, Darvis Patton, Joshua J. Johnson) 38.06
- 2001: (Morne Nagel, Corne Du Plessis, Lee-Roy Newton, Matthew Quinn) 38.47
- 1999: (Jon Drummond, Tim Montgomery, Brian Lewis, Maurice Greene) 37.59
- 1997: (Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey) 37.86
- 1995: (Robert Esmie, Glenroy Gilbert, Bruny Surin, Donovan Bailey) 38.31
- 1993: (Jon Drummond, Andre Cason, Dennis Mitchell, Leroy Burrell) 37.48 (SF 37.40 EWR)
- 1991: (Andre Cason, Leroy Burrell, Dennis Mitchell, Carl Lewis) 37.50 WR
- 1987: (Lee McRae, Lee McNeill, Harvey Glance, Carl Lewis) 37.90
- 1983: (Emmit King, Willie Gault, Calvin Smith, Carl Lewis) 37.86 WR
The team of Mickey Grimes, Bernard Williams, Dennis Mitchell and Tim Montgomery originally won the 2001 championship in a time of 37.96, but were disqualified as a result of Tim Montgomery admitting to drug use in 2005.
Women
- 2007: (Lauryn Williams, Allyson Felix, Mikele Barber, Torri Edwards) 41.98
- 2005: (Angela Daigle, Muna Lee, Me'Lisa Barber, Lauryn Williams) 41.78
- 2003: (Patricia Girard-Léno, Muriel Hurtis, Sylviane Felix, Christine Arron) 41.78
- 2001: (Melanie Paschke, Gaby Rockmeier, Birgit Rockmeier, Marion Wagner) 42.32
- 1999: (Savatheda Fynes, Chandra Sturrup, Pauline Davis-Thompson, Debbie Ferguson) 41.92
- 1997: (Chryste Gaines, Marion Jones, Inger Miller, Gail Devers) 41.47 CR
- 1995: (Celena Mondie-Milner, Carlette Guidry-White, Chryste Gaines, Gwen Torrence) 42.12
- 1993: (Olga Bogoslovskaya, Galina Maltchouguina, Natalya Voronova, Irina Privalova) 41.49 CR
- 1991: (Dahlia Duhaney, Juliet Cuthbert, Beverly McDonald, Merlene Ottey) 41.94
- 1987: (Alice Brown, Diane Williams, Florence Griffith-Joyner, Pam Marshall) 41.58 CR
- 1983: (Silke Gladisch-Möller, Marita Koch, Ingrid Auerswald-Lange, Marlies Göhr) 41.76
The team of Kelli White, Chryste Gaines, Inger Miller, and Marion Jones originally won the 2001 championship in a time of 41.71, but were disqualified as a result of Kelli White admitting to drug use in 2004.
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