4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference
Encyclopedia
The 4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference, subtitled Implications of a Global Climate Change of 4+ Degrees for People, Ecosystems and the Earth-system, was held 28-30 September 2009 at Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

. name="4DC"> 4 Degrees and Beyond International Climate Conference, Implications of
a Global Climate Change of 4+ Degrees for People, Ecosystems and the Earth-system
, University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...

, 28-29 Sept. 2009. The
three-day conference had about 140 science, government, NGO and private sector delegates, and included 35 oral presentations
and 18 poster presentations. The conference website includes a page for downloading abstracts, presentations, audio
recordings, and the programme. Links to a number of news stories are also provided. name="News">Linked list of news stories. Sponsors were the
University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...

, the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, and the
Met Office
Met Office
The Met Office , is the United Kingdom's national weather service, and a trading fund of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills...

 Hadley Center
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
The Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change — named in honour of George Hadley — is part of, and based at the headquarters of the Met Office in Exeter...

.

Video podcasts of all oral presentations are posted on a University of Oxford website; however, to find videos by presenter names the above cited program must first be consulted to find the presentation title.

In January 2011 eleven papers and three introductory articles resulting from the conference were published as a special issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society of London. It was established in 1665, making it the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science, and it has remained in continuous publication ever since, making it the world's...

, Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications. Many of the papers are free downloads. The contents of the special issue are listed later in this article.

In July 2011 a follow-up conference, Four Degrees Or More? Australia in a Hot World, was held at the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...

, Australia. It is described in the last section of this article.

Rationale for the Conference

"Despite 17 years of negotiations since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, global greenhouse gas emissions have continued to rise. Since 2000 the rates of annual emissions growth have increased at rates at the upper end of the IPCC scenarios, presenting the global community with a stark challenge: either instigate an immediate and radical reversal in existing emission trends or accept global temperature rises well beyond 4°."

"The immediacy and scale of the reductions necessary to avoid anything below 4°C, and indeed the human and ecosystem implications of living with 4°C, are beyond anything we have been prepared to countenance. Understanding the implications of 4°C and higher temperatures is essential if global society is to make informed choices about the balance between "extreme" rates of mitigation and "extreme" impacts and adaptation costs."

"The aim of this conference is therefore to: (i) assess the consequences of a change in global temperature above 4°C for a range of systems and sectors, and (ii) explore the options that are open for avoiding climate changes of this magnitude. The results of the conference will form an important background to the COP 15 United Nations Climate Change Conference, in Copenhagen, December 2009, and the inevitable negotiations that will follow COP 15."

Participation invitation

"1. Invited keynote talks that:"

a. provide state of the art assessments of the impacts of 4+°C climate change for a range of human, ecological and earth systems."

b. reframe the mitigation challenge in terms of steps necessary to avoid the significant risk of a 4-5 degree warming under different emissions reduction scenarios and the options open to enable a clear avoidance of such a risk."

2. Open call for oral and poster papers in the above themes, with a focus on regional examples that complement keynote topics."

Collated links to conference media and post-conference publications

Because the conference records are scattered among three websites, links to them are collated here along with WikiPedia listings for the authors. For a few presenters the materials are incomplete or absent. Bulleted items are presentations. References to post-conference papers in the Royal Society's special issue are indented.
SESSION 1, CONFERENCE OPENING

Preface (to the special issue): Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:4-5; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0304.

Introduction (to the special issue): Mark New, Diana Liverman, Heike Schroder, and Kevin Anderson
Kevin Anderson (scientist)
Professor Kevin Anderson is the Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; holds a joint chair in Energy and Climate Change at the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and School of Environmental Sciences at University of East...

. http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1934/6.full.pdf+html Four degrees and beyond: the potential for a global temperature increase of four degrees and its implications.] Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:6-19; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0303.

  • Prof John Schellnhuber, Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    . Terra quasi-incognita: beyond the 2 degree C line. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (284 MB) |

  • Dr Richard Betts, Met Office
    Met Office
    The Met Office , is the United Kingdom's national weather service, and a trading fund of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills...

     Hadley Center
    Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
    The Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change — named in honour of George Hadley — is part of, and based at the headquarters of the Met Office in Exeter...

    . Regional climate changes at 4+ degrees. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video, (284 MB) |

Richard A. Betts, Matthew Collins, Deborah L. Hemming, Chris D. Jones, Jason A. Lowe, and Michael G. Sanderson. When could global warming reach 4°C? Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:67-84; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0292.

M. G. Sanderson, D. L. Hemming, and R. A. Betts. Regional temperature and precipitation changes under high-end (=4°C) global warming. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:85-98; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0283

  • Prof Nigel Arnell, Univ. of Reading
    University of Reading
    The University of Reading is a university in the English town of Reading, Berkshire. The University was established in 1892 as University College, Reading and received its Royal Charter in 1926. It is based on several campuses in, and around, the town of Reading.The University has a long tradition...

    . 4+ degrees C: impacts across the global scale. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (165 MB) |


SESSION 2, AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND WATER SECURITY
  • Dr Philip Thornton, Int'l Livestock Research Inst.
    International Livestock Research Institute
    The International Livestock Research Institute is an international agricultural research institute based in Nairobi, Kenya, and founded in 1994 by the merging of the International Livestock Centre for Africa and the International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases...

    , Nairobi, Inst. of Atmos. & Env. Sciences, Univ. of Edinburgh
    University of Edinburgh
    The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...

    . 4+ Degrees C: what might this mean for agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa? | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (174 MB) |

Philip K. Thornton, Peter G. Jones, Polly J. Ericksen, and Andrew J. Challinor. Agriculture and food systems in sub-Saharan Africa in a 4°C+ world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:117-136; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0246.


  • Dr Reimund Rotter, MTT Agrifood Research Finland. What would happen to barley production in Finland if global temperature increases above 4+°C? | Slides |Audio | MP4 video (136 MB) |

  • Mr Rasack Nayamuth, Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute. 4+ oC: A Drastic reduction in the renewable energy potential of sugarcane. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (151 MB) |


SESSION 3, AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND WATER SECURITY

  • Dr Fai Fung, Tyndall Centre, University of Oxford. Risked posed to global water availability by a 4+°C climate change. | Slides | MP4 video (145 MB) |

Fai Fung, Ana Lopez, and Mark New. Water availability in +2°C and +4°C worlds. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:99-116; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0293.

  • Dr Matthew Charlton, Walker Institute. Limits to adaptation: implications of global temperature changes beyond 4+°C for water supply in southern England | Slides |

  • Prof Anders Levermann
    Anders Levermann
    Anders Levermann is a climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and a Professor of the Dynamics of the Climate System at Potsdam University, Germany. He was contributing author to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change which...

    , Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact Research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    . Basic mechanism for abrupt monsoon transitions | Slides |Audio | MP4 video (119 MB) |

SESSION 4, ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
  • Prof Yadvinder Malhi, Env. Change Inst., School of Geography and the Env., University of Oxford. Tropical forests in a 4+°C world. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (227 MB) |

Przemyslaw Zelazowski, Yadvinder Malhi, Chris Huntingford, Stephen Sitch, and Joshua B. Fisher. Changes in the potential distribution of humid tropical forests on a warmer planet. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:137-160; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0238. (Subscription). | Abstract |Data Supplement |

  • Prof Wolfgang Cramer, Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact Research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    . Changing climate, land use and fire in Amazonia under high warming scenarios | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (172 MB) |

  • Prof Andy Moffat, Forest Research
    Forest Research
    Forest Research is the research agency of the Forestry Commission, a government department in the United Kingdom. Its core roles are to provide the evidence base for UK forestry practices and to support innovation. It has research and office facilities within Alice Holt Forest, near Farnham in...

    . Living with uncertainty – UK forestry beyond 4+°C | Slides | Audio |

  • Jose Marengo, Earth System Science Centre, Nat'l Inst. for Space Research
    National Institute for Space Research
    The National Institute for Space Research is a research unit of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology, whose main goals are fostering scientific research and technological applications and qualifying personnel in the fields of space and atmospheric sciences, space engineering, and space...

    , Brazil. Projected impacts of 4+°C warming in the semiarid lands of northeast Brazil. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (115 MB) |


SESSION 5: VULNERABLE PEOPLE AND PLACES
  • Dr Pier Vellinga
    Pier Vellinga
    Pier Vellinga is one of the Netherlands experts on the impacts of climate change.-Position in 2009:Vellinga is the chairman of the Knowledge for Climate research program and vice chairman of the Climate Changes Spatial Planning program...

    , Wageningen Univ.
    Wageningen University
    Wageningen University and Research Centre is a Dutch public university in Wageningen, The Netherlands. It consists of Wageningen University, the Van Hall-Larenstein School of Higher Professional Education, and the former agricultural research institutes of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture...

    . Sea level rise and impacts in a 4+°C World. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (193 MB) |

  • Prof Stefan Rahmstorf
    Stefan Rahmstorf
    Stefan Rahmstorf is a German oceanographer and climatologist. Since 2000, he has been a Professor of Physics of the Oceans at Potsdam University. He received his Ph.D. in oceanography from Victoria University of Wellington...

    , Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact Research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    . Sea-level rise in a 4°C world | Slides | [haudio/5-2rahmstorf.mp3 Audio] | MP4 video (151 MB)|

  • Diogo de Gusmao, Met Office
    Met Office
    The Met Office , is the United Kingdom's national weather service, and a trading fund of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills...

     Hadley Center
    Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research
    The Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change — named in honour of George Hadley — is part of, and based at the headquarters of the Met Office in Exeter...

    . Sea level rise projections for the warmest IPCC SRES simulations. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (141 MB) |

  • Prof Robert Nicholls and Sally Brown, Univ. of Southampton
    University of Southampton
    The University of Southampton is a British public university located in the city of Southampton, England, a member of the Russell Group. The origins of the university can be dated back to the founding of the Hartley Institution in 1862 by Henry Robertson Hartley. In 1902, the Institution developed...

    . Impacts of sea-level rise at 4+°C. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (158 MB) |

Robert J. Nicholls, Natasha Marinova, Jason A. Lowe, Sally Brown, Pier

Vellinga
Pier Vellinga
Pier Vellinga is one of the Netherlands experts on the impacts of climate change.-Position in 2009:Vellinga is the chairman of the Knowledge for Climate research program and vice chairman of the Climate Changes Spatial Planning program...

, Diogo de Gusmão, Jochen Hinkel, and Richard S. J. Tol. Sea-level rise and its possible impacts given a
beyond 4°C world in the twenty-first century.
Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:161-181; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0291 (Subscription) | Abstract |
  • Dr Jochen Hinkel, Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact Research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    . The impacts of sea-level rise on coastal nations with and without mitigation. An application of the DIVA and IMAGE models. | Slides | Audio MP4 video (137 MB) |


SESSION 6: VULNERABLE PEOPLE AND PLACES
  • Prof David Karoly
    David Karoly
    David John Karoly is an Australian scientist and academic. He is an expert in climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion and climate variations due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation....

    , Univ. of Melbourne
    University of Melbourne
    The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...

    . Wildfire in a 4+°C World. | Slides | audio/6-1karoly.mp3 Audio | MP4 video (148 MB) |



François Gemenne. Climate-induced population displacements in a 4°C+ world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:182-195; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0287. (Subscription) | Abstract |

  • Dr Pamela McElwee, Arizona State Univ.
    Arizona State University
    Arizona State University is a public research university located in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area of the State of Arizona...

     . Social Vulnerability And Adaptation Possibilities For Vietnam In A 4+&Deg;C World. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (156 MB) |


SESSION 7: PANEL DISCUSSION
  • 4°C of climate change: alarmist or realist? | Audio | Moderator: Prof Diana Liverman. Panelists: Mark Lynas
    Mark Lynas
    Mark Lynas is a British author, journalist and environmental activist who focuses on climate change. He is a contributor to New Statesman, Ecologist, Granta and Geographical magazines, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers in the UK; he also worked on the film The Age of Stupid...

     (author), Dr Kevin Anderson (scientist)
    Kevin Anderson (scientist)
    Professor Kevin Anderson is the Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; holds a joint chair in Energy and Climate Change at the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and School of Environmental Sciences at University of East...

     (Dir. Tyndall Centre), Dr Chris West (Dir. UK Climate Impact Progamme), Ian Noble (Climate Advisor The World Bank), and James Painter (Reuters).


SESSION 8, ADAPTATION
  • Prof Leonard Smith, London School of Economics
    London School of Economics
    The London School of Economics and Political Science is a public research university specialised in the social sciences located in London, United Kingdom, and a constituent college of the federal University of London...

    . One, Two, Three, More: Challenges to Describing a Warmer World. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (181 MB) |


Mark Stafford Smith, Lisa Horrocks, Alex Harvey, and Clive Hamilton
Clive Hamilton
Clive Charles Hamilton AM FRSA is an Australian public intellectual and Professor of Public Ethics at the Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics and the Vice-Chancellor's Chair in Public Ethics at Charles Sturt University. He is the Founder and former Executive Director of the The...

. Rethinking adaptation for a 4°C world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:196-216; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0277.

  • Dr Michael Morecroft, Natural England
    Natural England
    Natural England is the non-departmental public body of the UK government responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and improved...

    . Nature conservation in a 4+°C world - a luxury or a necessity? | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (128 MB) |

  • Ms Lisa Horrocks, AEA
    AEA Technology
    AEA Technology plc was formed in 1996 as the privatised offshoot of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. It is a constituent of the FTSE Fledgling Index. Originally it consisted of divisions with expertise in a wide variety of areas, mostly the products of nuclear-related research...

     . The implications of 4+°C warming for adaptation strategies in the UK: time to change? | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (182 MB) |


SESSION 9: AVOIDING LARGE CLIMATE CHANGES
  • Dr Jason Lowe, The Met Office
    Met Office
    The Met Office , is the United Kingdom's national weather service, and a trading fund of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills...

    . 4+°C: the emissions reduction challenge. | (no media available) |

  • Dr Myles Allen
    Myles Allen
    Myles R. Allen is head of the Climate Dynamics group at the University of Oxford's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Department. He is the Principal Investigator of the distributed computing project Climateprediction.net , and was principally responsible for starting this project.He has...

    , Department of Physics, University of Oxford. What will it take to avoid 2, 3 and 4+°C? the importance of cumulative emissions. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (160 MB) |

Niel H. A. Bowerman, David J. Frame, Chris Huntingford, Jason A. Lowe, and Myles R. Allen
Myles Allen
Myles R. Allen is head of the Climate Dynamics group at the University of Oxford's Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics Department. He is the Principal Investigator of the distributed computing project Climateprediction.net , and was principally responsible for starting this project.He has...

. Cumulative carbon emissions, emissions floors and short-term rates of warming: implications for policy. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:45-66; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0288. (Subscription) | Abstract |

  • Dr Rob Swart, Wageningen Univ. & Research Centre
    Wageningen University
    Wageningen University and Research Centre is a Dutch public university in Wageningen, The Netherlands. It consists of Wageningen University, the Van Hall-Larenstein School of Higher Professional Education, and the former agricultural research institutes of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture...

    . Beyond 4°C: should we reconsider our options? | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (160 MB) |

  • Ms Holly Preston, Dalton Research Inst., Manchester Metro. Univ.
    Manchester Metropolitan University
    Manchester Metropolitan University is a university in North West England. Its headquarters and central campus is in the city of Manchester, but there are outlying facilities in the county of Cheshire. It is the third largest university in the United Kingdom in terms of student numbers, behind the...

     The role of international transportation sectors in climate stabilization. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (132 MB) |


SESSION 10: AVOIDING LARGE CLIMATE CHANGES
  • Prof Kevin Anderson (scientist)
    Kevin Anderson (scientist)
    Professor Kevin Anderson is the Deputy Director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; holds a joint chair in Energy and Climate Change at the School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and School of Environmental Sciences at University of East...

    , Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. Global emission pathways: balancing Annex 1 mitigation with non-Annex 1 development. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (216 MB) |

Kevin Anderson and Alice Bows. Beyond ‘dangerous’ climate change: emission scenarios for a new world. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:20-44; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0290.

  • Prof Bertrand Guillaume, Univ. of Tech. of Troyes
    University of Technology of Troyes
    The University of Technology of Troyes is a French university, in the Academy of Reims.The UTT is part of the network of the three universities of technology, found by the University of Technology of Compiègne...

    . Avoiding a 4+°C world: A challenge for democracy. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (100 MB) |

  • Dr Hari Dulal, The World Bank. Greenhouse Gas Contributions and Mitigation Potential of Agriculture: Creating Incentives within the Existing Carbon Trading Agreements. | Slides | Audio | MP4 video (100 MB) |

Additional papers from the Royal Society special issue

  • David Garner. Editorial. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A January 13, 2011 369:3; doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0289.


Poster Sessions

AGRICULTURE, WATER AND FOOD SECURITY





water resources in south east England.


ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
  • Dr. Humphrey Crick, Natural England
    Natural England
    Natural England is the non-departmental public body of the UK government responsible for ensuring that England's natural environment, including its land, flora and fauna, freshwater and marine environments, geology and soils, are protected and improved...

    . Ecosystem-based conservation in a 4+°C world.



  • Mr. Przemyslaw Zelazowski, University of Oxford. The influence of variation in climate simulations on the simulated response of tropical forests to a global 4 degrees warming.


VULNERABLE PEOPLE AND PLACES

  • Prof. Clive Hamilton, Australian Nat'l Univ.
    Australian National University
    The Australian National University is a teaching and research university located in the Australian capital, Canberra.As of 2009, the ANU employs 3,945 administrative staff who teach approximately 10,000 undergraduates, and 7,500 postgraduate students...

     & Yale Univ.
    Yale University
    Yale University is a private, Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States...

     .

Adaptive Coping Strategies in a 4+°C World.




AVOIDING LARGE CLIMATE CHANGES
  • Mr. Markus Hageman, Ecofys GmbH. The role of sectoral characteristics in designing mechanism for participation of developing countries.


  • Dr. Jasper Knight, Univ. of Exeter
    University of Exeter
    The University of Exeter is a public university in South West England. It belongs to the 1994 Group, an association of 19 of the United Kingdom's smaller research-intensive universities....

    . Landscape responses to future climate change in glaciated mountains.

  • Dr. Katja Frieler, Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact Research
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

    .

Applications of pattern scaling for probabilistic assessment of regional climate impacts.

2011 Follow up event: "Four Degrees Or More? Australia in a Hot World"

A related, second large conference, Four Degrees Or More? Australia in a Hot World was held on 12-14 July 2011 at the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...

, Australia. The conference:
"... explores the unintended consequences of current domestic and international climate policies. It invites us to imagine the social, economic and ecological implications of catastrophic global warming for Australia and its region. The international community has agreed to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Yet the Copenhagen pledges to cut emissions will, if honoured collectively, result in average warming of 4 degrees or more. So what might Australia look like then?"


As with the earlier conference, multimedia and pdf files of the presentations and keynote addresses are posted on the conference website.

The conference organiser was Dr Peter Christoff. Prof. John Schellnhuber, Potsdam Inst. for Climate Impact research (PIK)
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research is a research institute specialising in the fields of global change, climate impact and sustainable development.-References:* USA Today -Further Reading:* Study -See Also:* Climatic Research Unit...

 was again a keynote speaker, along with Prof. Ross Garnaut
Ross Garnaut
Ross Gregory Garnaut AO is a Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Australian National University and both a Vice-Chancellor's Fellow and Professorial Fellow of Economics at The University of Melbourne....

. The event was disrupted by anti-environmental protesters.

Presenters: Dr Karl Braganza, Prof. Jon Barnett, Assoc. Prof. Peter Christoff, Prof. Robyn Eckersley, Prof. Ross Garnaut, Prof. David Griggs, Andrew Hewett, Prof. Ove Hoegh Guldberg, Dr Mark Howden, Prof. Lesley Hughes, Prof. David Karoly, Prof. Jan Mcdonald, Assoc. Prof. Phil Mcmanus, Prof. Tony Mcmichael, Prof. Malte Meinshausen, Prof. Jean Palutikof, Prof. Hans Joachim Schellnhuber, Anna Skarbek, Prof. Will Steffen, And Dr Penny Whetton.

External links



The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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