459th Air Refueling Wing
Encyclopedia
The 459th Air Refueling Wing (459 ARW) is an Air Force Reserve Command
Air Force Reserve Command
The Air Force Reserve Command is a major command of the U.S. Air Force with its headquarters at Robins AFB, Georgia.It stood up as a major command of the Air Force on 17 February 1997....

 unit based at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility since 1954.

Overview

Flying the KC-135 Stratotanker
KC-135 Stratotanker
The Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker is an aerial refueling military aircraft. It and the Boeing 707 airliner were developed from the Boeing 367-80 prototype. The KC-135 was the US Air Force's first jet-powered refueling tanker and replaced the KC-97 Stratotanker...

 and assigned to Fourth Air Force
Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Reserve . It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California....

, the 459 ARW's mission is to recruit, train, equip, challenge, mentor and reward the men and women of the unit to provide safe, sustained, outstanding service to ourselves, our communities and nation. If activated, the 459 ARW would become part of Air Mobility Command
Air Mobility Command
Air Mobility Command is a Major Command of the U.S. Air Force. AMC is headquartered at Scott AFB, Illinois, east of St. Louis....

.

Subordinate units of the 459th ARW are the 459 OG, 459 OSF, 756 ARS, 459 AES, 459 ASTS, 459 AMDS, 459 AMXS, 459 MXG, 459 MOF, 459 AMS, 459 MXS, 759 LRF, 459 MSG, 459 MSF, 459 CF, 459 LRF, 459 SVF, 459 CES, 459 SFS, 69 APS

The 459th Airlift Wing converted to the air refueling mission on 1 October 2003. This also resulted in a conversion from the C-141 Starlifter
C-141 Starlifter
The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter was a military strategic airlifter in service with the Air Mobility Command of the United States Air Force...

 to the Boeing KC-135R, and the wing was equipped with eight aircraft. The wing was also reassigned from the 22nd Air Force
Twenty-Second Air Force
Twenty-Second Air Force is a Numbered Air Force component of Air Force Reserve Command . It was activated on 1 July 1993 and is headquartered at Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia....

 to the 4th Air Force
Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Reserve . It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California....

.

The wing, over the years, is a six-time recipient of the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Outstanding Unit Award
The Air Force Outstanding Unit Award is an award of the United States Air Force which was first created in 1954. The award is presented as a ribbon to any command of the U.S...

. There are about 1,200 traditional Reservists stationed at the wing. A full-time civilian and Air Reserve Technician
Air Reserve Technician Program
Air Reserve Technicians, commonly referred to as ARTs, are a nucleus of managers, planners and trainers who have knowledge and expertise to smooth Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard units' transition from a peacetime to a wartime environment...

 staff of about 230 people provide day-to-day administration and management of the 459th.

World War II

The World War II predecessor to the 459th Air Refueling Wing was the 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy). Activated as a B-24 Liberator
B-24 Liberator
The Consolidated B-24 Liberator was an American heavy bomber, designed by Consolidated Aircraft of San Diego, California. It was known within the company as the Model 32, and a small number of early models were sold under the name LB-30, for Land Bomber...

 heavy bombardment unit in July 1943; assigned to II Bomber Command
II Bomber Command
The II Bomber Command is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to Second Air Force, based at Fort George Wright, Washington. It was inactivated on 6 October 1943....

 for training. Primarily trained in Utah
Utah
Utah is a state in the Western United States. It was the 45th state to join the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,763,885 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the...

 and Arizona
Arizona
Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

 received deployment orders for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations
Mediterranean Theater of Operations
The Mediterranean Theater of Operations, United States Army was originally called North African Theater of Operations and is an American term for the conflict that took place between the Allies and Axis Powers in North Africa and Italy during World War II...

 (MTO) in September 1943. Moved to Massachusetts
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

 where the group flew long-range convoy escort missions over the Newfoundland Banks to Long Island Sound, November–December 1943 while station in Italy was being constructed.

Deployed to Southern Italy in January 1944; entered combat in February, being assigned to Fifteenth Air Force
Fifteenth Air Force
The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California....

. Engaged in very long range strategic bombing missions to enemy military, industrial and transportation targets in Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....

, bombing railroad marshalling yards, oil refineries, airdrome installations, heavy industry, and other strategic objectives. Also carried out some support and interdiction operations. Struck bridges, harbors, and troop concentrations in August 1944 to aid the invasion of Southern France. Hit communications lines and other targets during March and April 1945 to support the advance of British Eighth Army and American Fifth Army in northern Italy.

Returned to the United States in August 1945, being programmed for deployment to the Pacific Theater of Operations
Pacific Theater of Operations
The Pacific Theater of Operations was the World War II area of military activity in the Pacific Ocean and the countries bordering it, a geographic scope that reflected the operational and administrative command structures of the American forces during that period...

 (PTO) as a B-29 Superfortress
B-29 Superfortress
The B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing that was flown primarily by the United States Air Forces in late-World War II and through the Korean War. The B-29 was one of the largest aircraft to see service during World War II...

 Very Heavy Bombardment Squadron. Many combat veterans of MTO demobilized upon arrival in the United States, and a small cadre of personnel reformed at Sioux Falls Army Airfield, South Dakota at the end of August. Japanese Capitulation in August led to inactivation of unit and assigned personnel being reassigned to other group squadrons or demobilized.

Reactivated in the Air Force Reserve in 1947 with B-29s. Trained at Long Beach Army Air Field, California then moving in 1949 to Smoky Hill AFB, Kansas
Kansas
Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...

 and Barksdale AFB, Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...

 shortly afterward. Activated in 1951 by Second Air Force
Second Air Force
The Second Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command . It is headquartered at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi....

 due to the Korean War
Korean War
The Korean War was a conventional war between South Korea, supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China , with military material aid from the Soviet Union...

, aircraft and personnel being reassigned to Strategic Air Command
Strategic Air Command
The Strategic Air Command was both a Major Command of the United States Air Force and a "specified command" of the United States Department of Defense. SAC was the operational establishment in charge of America's land-based strategic bomber aircraft and land-based intercontinental ballistic...

 combat groups deployed to Far East Air Forces; inactivated shortly afterward.

Air Force Reserve

The Reserve flying mission began at Andrews AFB in the summer of 1954, when the 756th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated and equipped with the C-46 aircraft. Nearly 8 months later, the unit had grown enough to activate its parent organization, the 459th Troop Carrier Group (formerly 459th Bombardment Group) and its parent the 459th Troop Carrier Wing. Later that year, another squadron, the 757th Troop Carrier Squadron was activated at Byrd Field, Richmond, Virginia and assigned to the Group. A third flying unit, the 758th Troop Carrier Squadron, was added in 1957 and equipped with the C-119 "Flying Boxcar" at Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pennsylvania. In November 1957, the 757th relocated from Byrd Field to Youngstown Municipal Airport, Ohio.
On 1 July 1966, the 459th was redesignated 459th Military Airlift Wing and converted to a strategic, long-range mission with the C-124 "Globemaster" aircraft.

In June 1971, the 459th converted to the C-130 "Hercules" and was redesignated as the 459th Tactical Airlift Wing. In December 1974, with the consolidation of all Air Force strategic and tactical airlift resources under a single manager, the 459th's active duty gaining command switched from Tactical Air Command to Military Airlift Command.

In July 1986, the Wing converted to the Lockheed C-141B "Starlifter" aircraft. The conversion resulted in an increase of Wing personnel at Andrews from 900 to a level of almost 1,600.

Modern era

In 1992, wing personnel flew supplies to the victims of Hurricane Andrew
Hurricane Andrew
Hurricane Andrew was the third Category 5 hurricane to make landfall in the United States, after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969. Andrew was the first named storm and only major hurricane of the otherwise inactive 1992 Atlantic hurricane season...

 in Florida; medical equipment and supplies to Minsk
Minsk
- Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened...

, Belarus, as part of Operation Provide Hope
Operation Provide Hope
Operation Provide Hope was a humanitarian operation conducted by the U.S Air Force to provide medical equipment to former Soviet republics during their transition to democratic and free-market states. The operation was announced by Secretary of State James A. Baker, III on January 22-23, 1992 and...

; and food, medicine, supplies and medical personnel into Somalia in support of Operation Restore Hope.

In 1993, the 459th continued to support Operation Support Hope. The wing provided humanitarian airlift relief in Rwanda and in support of the Cuban refugees at Guantanamo Bay
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base is located on of land and water at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba which the United States leased for use as a coaling station following the Cuban-American Treaty of 1903. The base is located on the shore of Guantánamo Bay at the southeastern end of Cuba. It is the oldest overseas...

, Cuba. In addition, 459th personnel supported Operation Uphold Democracy
Operation Uphold Democracy
Operation Uphold Democracy was an intervention designed to remove the military regime installed by the 1991 Haitian coup d'état that overthrew the elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide...

 in Haiti as well as various other significant missions around the globe.

The 459th has been engaged in the Global War on Terrorism since September 2001. As a result of these operations, the Wing has participated in places around the globe to include: Iraq, Afghanistan, Cuba, Bosnia and Kosovo. Redesignated in 2003 as an air refueling wing; equipped with KC-135Rs.

Lineage

  • Established as 459th Bombardment Group (Heavy) on 19 May 1943
Activated on 1 July 1943
Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Heavy, on 20 August 1943
Inactivated on 28 August 1945
  • Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy, on 11 March 1947
Activated in the Reserve on 19 April 1947
Redesignated 459th Bombardment Group, Medium, on 27 June 1949.
Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
Inactivated on 16 June 1951
  • Established as 459th Troop Carrier Wing, Medium on 30 December 1954
Group redesignated: 459th Troop Carrier Group, Medium, on 30 December 1954 and became subordinate organization to wing
Activated in the Reserve on 26 January 1955
Redesignated: 459th Military Airlift Wing on 1 July 1966
Redesignated: 459th Tactical Airlift Wing on 29 June 1971
Redesignated: 459th Military Airlift Wing on 1 July 1986
Redesignated: 459th Airlift Wing on 1 February 1992
Redesignated: 459th Air Refueling Wing on 1 October 2003.

Assignments

  • Second Air Force
    Second Air Force
    The Second Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command . It is headquartered at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi....

    , 1 July 1943
  • First Air Force
    First Air Force
    The First Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command . It is headquartered at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida....

    , 31 October 1943
  • Fifteenth Air Force
    Fifteenth Air Force
    The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California....

304 Bombardment Wing
304th Air Division
The 304th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Continental Air Command, assigned to Fourth Air Force, being stationed at Long Beach Airport, California...

, 25 January 1944
  • Continental Air Forces
Second Air Force
Second Air Force
The Second Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Education and Training Command . It is headquartered at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi....

, 13–28 August 1945
304 Bombardment Wing (later, 304th Air Division)
304th Air Division
The 304th Air Division is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with Continental Air Command, assigned to Fourth Air Force, being stationed at Long Beach Airport, California...

, 19 April 1947
  • Strategic Air Command
    Strategic Air Command
    The Strategic Air Command was both a Major Command of the United States Air Force and a "specified command" of the United States Department of Defense. SAC was the operational establishment in charge of America's land-based strategic bomber aircraft and land-based intercontinental ballistic...

Eighth Air Force
Eighth Air Force
The Eighth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Global Strike Command . It is headquartered at Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana....

, 27 June 1949
Fifteenth Air Force
Fifteenth Air Force
The Fifteenth Expeditionary Mobility Task Force is one of two EMTFs assigned to the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command . It is headquartered at Travis Air Force Base, California....

, 1 April 1950 – 16 June 1951


  • Air Force Reserve
First Air Force
First Air Force
The First Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command . It is headquartered at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida....

, 26 January 1955
Fourteenth Air Force
Fourteenth Air Force
The Fourteenth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Space Command . It is headquartered at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California....

, 25 March 1958
Second Air Force Reserve Region, 15 August 1960
First Air Force Reserve Region, 24 June 1966
Eastern Air Force Reserve Region, 31 December 1969
Fourteenth Air Force
Fourteenth Air Force
The Fourteenth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Space Command . It is headquartered at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California....

, 8 October 1976
  • Air Force Reserve Command
    Air Force Reserve Command
    The Air Force Reserve Command is a major command of the U.S. Air Force with its headquarters at Robins AFB, Georgia.It stood up as a major command of the Air Force on 17 February 1997....

Twenty-Second Air Force
Twenty-Second Air Force
Twenty-Second Air Force is a Numbered Air Force component of Air Force Reserve Command . It was activated on 1 July 1993 and is headquartered at Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia....

, 1 July 1993
Fourth Air Force
Fourth Air Force
The Fourth Air Force is a numbered air force of the United States Air Force Reserve . It is headquartered at March Air Reserve Base, California....

, 1 April 2003 – .


Stations

  • Alamogordo AAFld, New Mexico
    New Mexico
    New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...

    , 1 July 1943
  • Davis-Monthan Fld, Arizona
    Arizona
    Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

    , 28 July 1943
  • Kearns Army Airfield, Kearns
    Kearns, Utah
    Kearns is a township and census-designated place in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. Named after Utah's U.S. Senator Thomas Kearns, it had a population of 35,731 at the 2010 Census.This was a 6.2 percent increase over the 2000 figure of 33,659...

    , Utah, c. 31 August 1943
  • Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona
    Arizona
    Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

    , c. 21 September 1943
  • Westover Fld, Massachusetts
    Massachusetts
    The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. As of the 2010...

    , 31 October 1943 – 3 January 1944
  • Giulia Airfield, Italy, c. 12 February 1944 – c July 1945
  • Sioux Falls AAF
    Sioux Falls Regional Airport
    Sioux Falls Regional Airport , also known as Joe Foss Field, is a joint civil and military use airport located three nautical miles northwest of the central business district of Sioux Falls, a city in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, United States...

    , South Dakota
    South Dakota
    South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...

    , c. 16–28 August 1945
  • Long Beach AAF, California, 19 April 1947
  • Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona
    Arizona
    Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

    , 27 June 1949 – 16 June 1951
  • Andrews AFB, Maryland
    Maryland
    Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...

    , since 26 January 1955

Components

Groups

  • 459th Troop Carrier (later, 459th Operations)
26 January 1955 – 14 April 1959
1 August 1992 –
  • 904th Troop Carrier (later, 904th Military Airlift)
1 July 1966 – 26 January 1968
2 June – 31 December 1969
  • 905th Military Airlift (later, 905th Tactical Airlift): 25 February 1972 – 1 April 1974.
  • 907th Tactical Airlift (later, 907th Airlift): 1 October 1989 – 1 October 1994
  • 909th Troop Carrier (later, 909th Military Airlift): 17 January 1963 – 1 September 1975
  • 910th Troop Carrier (later, 910th Tactical Fighter; 910th Tactical Airlift)
17 January 1963 – 1 July 1966
1 April 1981 – 1 October 1989.
  • 911th Troop Carrier (later, 911th Military Airlift)
17 January 1963 – 21 April 1971 (detached 1–21 April 1971)

  • 913th Tactical Airlift (later, 913th Airlift): 8 January 1976 – 1 August 1992.
  • 915th Military Airlift: 26 January 1968 – 1 September 1969.
  • 918th Military Airlift: attached 1–20 April 1971, assigned 21 April 1971 – 1 July 1972
  • 919th Military Airlift (later, 919th Tactical Airlift): 30 July 1971 – 1 December 1974
  • 920th Tactical Airlift: 25 April 1973 – 1 January 1976
  • 927th Tactical Airlift: 15 March 1976 – 1 July 1981.

Squadrons
  • 57th Fighter Squadron: 15 May 1947 – 27 June 1949
  • 756th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier, Airlift, Air Refueling) Squadron
    756th Air Refueling Squadron
    The 756th Air Refueling Squadron is part of the 459th Air Refueling Wing at Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland. It operates KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft conducting air refueling missions.-History:...

    : 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 19 April 1947 – 26 June 1949; 26 January 1955 – 17 January 1963; 1 September 1975 – present
  • 757th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier) Squadron
    757th Airlift Squadron
    The 757th Airlift Squadron was on a regular U.S. Air Force squadron from the 1940s to 1973. The unit was assigned to the USAF Reserve in 1973. The unit relocated in 1992 from 907 AW Rickenbacker ANGB, Ohio to 910 AW at Youngstown Air Reserve Station, Ohio...

    : 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 8 April 1955 – 17 January 1963
  • 758th Bombardment (later Troop Carrier) Squadron
    758th Airlift Squadron
    The 758th Airlift Squadron is part of the 911th Airlift Wing at the Pittsburgh International Airport, Pennsylvania. It operates the C-130H2 version of the C-130 Hercules aircraft, providing global tactical airlfit.-Mission:...

    : 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 27 June 1949; 16 November 1957 – 17 January 1963
  • 759th Bombardment Squadron
    759th Bombardment Squadron
    The 759th Bombardment Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was last assigned to the 459th Bombardment Group, stationed at Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona. It was inactivated on 16 June 1951-History:...

    : 1 July 1943 – 28 August 1945; 12 July 1947 – 16 June 1951

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK