405 BC

Sicily

Art

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Events

By place

Greece

• After their victory in the Battle of Arginusae
  Battle of Arginusae
  
  The naval Battle of Arginusae took place in 406 BC during the Peloponnesian War just east of the island of Lesbos. In the battle, an Athens fleet commanded by eight strategos defeated a Spartan fleet under Callicratidas....
   over the Sparta
  Sparta
  
  Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the Eurotas River in the southern part of the Peloponnese. From circa 650 BC it rose to become the dominant military power in the region and as such was recognized as the overall leader of the combined Greek forces during the Greco-Persian Wars....
  ns, the Athenian
  Athens
  
  Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
   fleet follows the reappointed Spartan admiral, Lysander
  Lysander
  
  Lysander was a Spartan General and the commander of the Spartan fleet in the Hellespont which was victorious against the Ancient Athens at battle of Aegospotami in 405 BC....
  , to the Hellespont
  Hellespont
  
  Hellespont was the ancient name of the narrow strait, now known by the modern European term 'Dardanelles'. It was so called from Helle , the daughter of Athamas, who was drowned here in the mythology of the Golden Fleece....
  . The Athenian fleet under Admiral Conon
  Conon
  
  Conon was an Athens general at the end of the Peloponnesian War, in charge during the decisive loss of the navy at the Battle of Aegospotami. He had been sent out following the recall of Alcibiades in 406 BC, and pursued the Peloponnesian fleet under Lysander to the Hellespont....
   is destroyed by the Spartans under Lysander in the Battle of Aegospotami
  Battle of Aegospotami
  
  The naval Battle of Aegospotami took place in 405 BC and was the last major battle of the Peloponnesian War. In the battle, a Spartan fleet under Lysander completely destroyed the Athenian navy....
   in the Sea of Marmara
  Sea of Marmara
  
  The Sea of Marmara , also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as Propontis , is the inland sea that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts....
   and Conon flees to Cyprus
  Cyprus
  
  Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is an island country situated in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria, and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt....
  .
• The Spartan king Pausanias
  Pausanias of Sparta
  
  Pausanias Kings of Sparta from 409 BC. In 395 BC, Pausanias failed to join forces with Lysander, and for this was condemned to death and replaced as king by his son Agesipolis I....
   lays siege to Athens while Lysander's fleet blockades Piraeus
  Piraeus
  
  Piraeus is a city in the periphery of Attica, Greece, and a municipality within Athens urban area, located 10 km southwest of its center....
  . This action closes the grain route through the Hellespont, thereby starving Athens.
• While the Peloponnesians besiege Athens, Theramenes
  Theramenes
  
  Theramenes was an Classical Athens statesman, prominent in the final decade of the Peloponnesian War. He was particularly active during the two periods of Oligarchy government at Athens, as well as in the trial of the generals who had commanded at Battle of Arginusae in 406 BC....
   tries to negotiate with Lysander. He is away for three months while Athens is being reduced to starvation. Then he heads the embassy that negotiates the terms of capitulation
  Capitulation (surrender)
  
  Capitulation , an agreement in time of war for the surrender to a hostile armed force of a particular body of troops, a town or a territory.It is an ordinary incident of war, and therefore no previous instructions from the captors' government are required before finally settling the conditions of capitulation....
   to the Spartans.

Sicily

• Dionysius the Elder rises to power as the tyrant of Syracuse. He makes peace with the Carthagian
  Carthage
  
  Carthage refers both to an ancient city in present-day Tunisia, and a modern-day suburb of Tunis. The civilization that developed within the city's sphere of influence is referred to as Punic or Carthaginian....
   general, Hamilco (whose army has been weakened by the plague), and fortifies Syracuse. This treaty leaves Carthage in control of most of Sicily.
• Dionysius the Elder ruthlessly consolidates and expands his power. He builds a wall around Syracuse and fortifies Epipolae. The Greek
  Ancient Greece
  
  The term Ancient Greece refers to the period of History of Greece lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman Republic conquest of Greece after the Battle of Corinth ....
   citizens of Naxos
  Naxos (Sicily)
  
  Naxos or Naxus , was an ancient city of Sicily, on the east coast of the island between Catana and Messana . It was situated on a low point of land at the mouth of the river Acesines , and at the foot of the hill on which was afterwards built the city of Tauromenium ....
  , Catana, and Leontini are removed from their cities; many of them are enslaved and their homes are given to Sicilian and Italian
  Italy
  
  Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
   mercenaries. Dionysius prepares his army to fight against Carthage, which now occupies western and southern Sicily.

By topic

Drama

• Aristophanes
  Aristophanes
  
  Aristophanes , son of Philippus, of the deme Cydathenaus, was a prolific and much acclaimed comedy playwright of ancient Athens. Eleven of his forty plays have come down to us virtually complete....
  ' play The Frogs
  The Frogs
  
  Frogs is a Greek comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes. It was performed at the Lenaia, one of the Festivals of Dionysus, in 405 BC, and received first place....
   is performed.
• Euripides
  Euripides
  
  Euripides was the last of the three great tragedy of classical Athens . Ancient scholars thought that Euripides had written ninety-five plays, although four of those were probably written by Critias....
  ' The Bacchae
  The Bacchae
  
  The Bacchae is an Classical Greece tragedy by the Classical Athens playwright Euripides. It premiered posthumously at the Theatre of Dionysus in 405 BCE as part of a tetralogy that also included Iphigeneia at Aulis, and which Euripides' son or nephew probably directed....
   and Iphigeneia at Aulis
  Iphigeneia at Aulis
  
  Iphigenia at Aulis is the last extant work of the playwright Euripides. Written between 408, after the Orestes, and 406 BC, the date of Euripides' death, the play was first produced the following year by his son or nephew, Euripides the Younger, and won the first place at the Athenian city Dionysia....
   are performed posthumously as part of a tetralogy
  Tetralogy
  
  A tetralogy is a compound work that is made up of four distinct works. Compare to a trilogy; made up of three works.The name comes from the Attica theater, where tetralogies were meant to be played in one sitting at the Dionysia....
   at the City Dionysia festival
  Dionysia
  
  The Dionysia was a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central event of which was the performance of tragedy and, since 487 BC, Greek comedy....
   and win first prize.

Art

• The Erechtheum
  Erechtheum
  
  The Erechtheum is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis, Athens of Athens in Greece....
  , which includes The Porch of Maidens (Caryatid
  Caryatid
  
  A caryatid is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head....
   Porch), is completed in the Ionian
  Ionic order
  
  The Ionic order column forms one of the Classical order of classical architecture, the other two canonic orders being the Doric order and the Corinthian order....
   style on the Acropolis
  Acropolis
  
  Acropolis literally means city on the edge . For purposes of defense, early settlers naturally chose elevated ground, frequently a hill with precipitous sides....
   in Athens
  Athens
  
  Athens , the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery; as one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation, its recorded history spans around 3,400 years....
   after 16 years of construction.

Births

Deaths

• Philolaus
  Philolaus
  
  Philolaus was a Greeks Pythagoreanism and Presocratic. He argued that all matter is composed of limited and unlimited things, and that the universe is determined by numbers....
  , Greek mathematician and philosopher (approximate date) (b. c. 480 BC)