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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

 

 
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
 
 
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an octane
Octane

Octane is a straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula CH36CH3.Octane has 18 structural isomers:* Octane ...
 isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
 which defines the 100 point on the octane rating
Octane rating

The octane rating is a measure of the resistance of gasoline and other fuels to detonation in spark plug internal combustion engines. High-performance engines typically have higher compression ratios and are therefore more prone to detonation, so they require higher octane fuel....
 scale (the zero point is n-Heptane
Heptane

n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C5CH3 or C7H16. It is the zero point of the octane rating scale ....
). It is an important component of gasoline
Gasoline

File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
.

Isooctane is produced on a massive scale in the petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 industry, usually as a mixture with related hydrocarbons. The alkylation
Alkylation

Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion or a carbene ....
 process alkylates isobutane
Isobutane

Isobutane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane, is an alkane, isomeric with butane. Recent concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays....
 with isobutylene
Isobutylene

Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon of significant industrial importance. It is a four-carbon branched alkene , one of the four isomers of butylene. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless flammable gas....
 using a strong acid catalyst. In the NExOCTANE process, isobutylene is dimer
Dimer

File:Carboxylic acid dimers.pngA dimer is a chemical or biological entity consisting of two identical subunits called monomers, which are held together by either intramolecular forces or weaker intermolecular forces....
ized into isooctene and then hydrogenated to isooctane.








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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an octane
Octane

Octane is a straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula CH36CH3.Octane has 18 structural isomers:* Octane ...
 isomer
Isomer

In chemistry, isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae. Isomers do not necessarily share similar properties unless they also have the same functional groups....
 which defines the 100 point on the octane rating
Octane rating

The octane rating is a measure of the resistance of gasoline and other fuels to detonation in spark plug internal combustion engines. High-performance engines typically have higher compression ratios and are therefore more prone to detonation, so they require higher octane fuel....
 scale (the zero point is n-Heptane
Heptane

n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C5CH3 or C7H16. It is the zero point of the octane rating scale ....
). It is an important component of gasoline
Gasoline

File:GasCan.jpgGasoline or petrol is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture, primarily used as fuel in internal combustion engines.It consists mostly of aliphatic hydrocarbons, enhanced with iso-octane or the aromatic hydrocarbons toluene and benzene to increase its octane rating....
.

Isooctane is produced on a massive scale in the petroleum
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
 industry, usually as a mixture with related hydrocarbons. The alkylation
Alkylation

Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion or a carbene ....
 process alkylates isobutane
Isobutane

Isobutane, also known as methylpropane or 2-methylpropane, is an alkane, isomeric with butane. Recent concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays....
 with isobutylene
Isobutylene

Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon of significant industrial importance. It is a four-carbon branched alkene , one of the four isomers of butylene. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless flammable gas....
 using a strong acid catalyst. In the NExOCTANE process, isobutylene is dimer
Dimer

File:Carboxylic acid dimers.pngA dimer is a chemical or biological entity consisting of two identical subunits called monomers, which are held together by either intramolecular forces or weaker intermolecular forces....
ized into isooctene and then hydrogenated to isooctane.

See also

  • Oil refinery
    Oil refinery

    An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt, heating oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas....
  • Antiknock agent
    Antiknock agent

    An antiknock agent is a gasoline additive used to reduce engine knocking and increase the fuel's octane rating.The mixture known as gasoline, when used in high Physical compression internal combustion engines, has a tendency to ignite early causing a damaging "engine knocking" noise....
    s


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