1983 Atlantic hurricane season

1983 Atlantic Hurricane Season

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1983 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1983 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane

Atlantic hurricane

North Atlantic tropical cyclones usually form in summer or autumn. Tropical cyclones can be broken down by intensity. Tropical storms have one-minute maximum sustained winds of at least 39 mph , while hurricanes have one-minute maximum sustained exceeding 74 mph ....
season in 53 years, with only four tropical storms forming. The season officially began on June 1, 1983, and lasted until November 30, 1983. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most storms form in the Atlantic basin

Atlantic Basin

Atlantic Basin may refer to:* Atlantic Ocean* Atlantic Basin in Brooklyn, site of:** Brooklyn Cruise Terminal** Atlantic Basin Iron Works...
. The season had very little activity, with only seven tropical depressions, four of which reached tropical storm strength or higher.

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The 1983 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane

Atlantic hurricane

Atlantic Basin

Accumulated cyclone energy

Accumulated cyclone energy is a measure used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to express the activity of individual tropical cyclones and entire tropical cyclone seasons, particularly the Atlantic hurricane seasons....
count since 1950, but not since 1900.

The season began later than normal, with the first tropical depression forming on July 29. and the second on July 31. However, neither tropical depression strengthened, with the first dying out on July 30. The second one dissipated on August 3. Hurricane Alicia

Hurricane Alicia

Hurricane Alicia was the third depression, the first tropical storm, and the only major hurricane of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season. It struck Galveston and Houston, Texas directly, causing $2.6 billion United States dollar in damage and killing 21 people; this made it the worst Texas hurricane since Hurricane Carla , and Texas' fi...
formed as Tropical Depression Three on August 15, quickly intensified into a hurricane on August 16 and made landfall in Texas

Texas

Hurricane Barry (1983)

Hurricane Barry was the fourth Tropical cyclone#Tropical depression, second Tropical cyclone#hurricane and second Tropical cyclone naming of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season....
formed on August 25, crossed over Florida

Florida

Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
and strengthened into a hurricane. Barry made landfall near Brownsville, Texas

Brownsville, Texas

Brownsville is a city in and the county seat of Cameron County, Texas, Texas, United States. Brownsville is the 15th largest city in the state of Texas and the 130th largest in the United States....
and dissipated over land on August 30.

Hurricane Chantal, the third of three hurricanes in 1983, formed on September 10. It strengthened into a hurricane, but stayed out to sea, being absorbed by a front on September 15. Tropical Depression Six formed on September 19, peaked at 35 mph (55 km/h) and caused heavy rains in the Caribbean

Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands , and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and Northern America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America....
before degenerating into a wave on September 21. Tropical Storm Dean was the final storm of the season, forming on September 26. It originally went to the north, peaking at winds (85 km/h), and making landfall in the Delmarva Peninsula

Delmarva Peninsula

Virginia

The Commonwealth of Virginia is an United States U.S. state on the East Coast of the United States of the Southern United States. The state is known as the "Old Dominion" and sometimes as "Mother of Presidents", because it is the birthplace of Lists of United States Presidents by place of birth#By state....
.

Seasonal forecasts and activity

**Predictions of tropical activity in the 1983 season**
Source	Date	Named storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes
CSU Colorado State University Colorado State University is a public institution of higher learning located in Fort Collins, Colorado, Colorado in the United States. Colorado State University is the state's Morrill Act university and the flagship campus university of the Colorado State University System....	July 23	8	5	Unknown
Record high activity		28 2005 Atlantic hurricane season The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active List of Atlantic hurricane seasons in recorded history, repeatedly shattering previous records....	15 2005 Atlantic hurricane season The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active List of Atlantic hurricane seasons in recorded history, repeatedly shattering previous records....	8 1950 Atlantic hurricane season The 1950 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 16, 1950, and lasted until October 31, 1950. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin....
Record low activity		1 1914 Atlantic hurricane season The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record, in which the season lasted for only 5 days. Although the season normally runs through the summer and the first half of fall, actual activity in the season was confined to the middle of September....	0 1914 Atlantic hurricane season The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record, in which the season lasted for only 5 days. Although the season normally runs through the summer and the first half of fall, actual activity in the season was confined to the middle of September.... (tie 1907 Atlantic hurricane season The 1907 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1907. The season was a very quiet one. Only five tropical storms formed, with none of them reaching hurricane strength.... )	0
Actual activity		4	3	1

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts like Dr. William M. Gray

William M. Gray

William M. "Bill" Gray is a pioneer in the science of forecasting hurricanes.In 1952 he received a Bachelor of Science degree in geography from George Washington University, and in 1959 a Master's degree in meteorology from the University of Chicago, where he went on to earn a Doctor of Philosophy in geophysical sciences in 1964....
, and his associates at Colorado State University

Colorado State University

Colorado State University is a public institution of higher learning located in Fort Collins, Colorado, Colorado in the United States. Colorado State University is the state's Morrill Act university and the flagship campus university of the Colorado State University System....
. A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has six to fourteen named storms, with four to eight of those reaching hurricane strength, and one to three major hurricanes. The July 23, 1983 forecast predicted that after the slow start to the season, that a total of eight storms would form, and five of the storms would reach hurricane status. The forecast did not specify how many of the hurricanes would reach major hurricane status. However, the predictions proved to be too high, with only four named storms forming by the end of the season and three of those reaching hurricane status.

The season, which began on June 1 and ended on November 30, was very inactive because of strong upper-level wind shear. The wind shear was unusually strong throughout the Caribbean and open Atlantic, and disrupted convection in areas of disturbed weather so they could not develop. Over sixty African systems had formed and made it westward, but when they reached the Lesser Antilles

Lesser Antilles

The Lesser Antilles, also known as the Caribbees, are part of the Antilles, which together with the Bahamas, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Greater Antilles form the West Indies....
, they were dissolved easily. The only area where the shear was minimal—a region encompassing the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic north of the Bahamas and east of Florida—was where the four named storms developed. This makes the 1983 season the least active season since the 1930 Atlantic hurricane season

1930 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1930 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1930. The season was one of the least active seasons on record, with only two tropical cyclones known to have formed during the season....
which had only two storms. 1983 and the prior season

1982 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1982 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1982, and lasted until November 30, 1982. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin....
became the first example of two consecutive years to have no storms form in the Caribbean Sea

Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean situated in the mid-latitudes of the Western Hemisphere, bounded to the south and west by the Americas, with the North Atlantic Ocean proper to the northeast and the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest....
since 1871, when reliable record began. 1983 also proved to be the first season since 1871 that a storm did not form south of 25°N latitude.

1983 was the first season for which the National Hurricane Center issued numeric landfall probabilities. Probabilities had been calculated for prior storms for use in the issuing of hurricane watches and warnings, but this was the first time the raw numeric probabilities were released to the public. The probabilities issued were accurate during Alicia, indicating that Galveston and surrounding portions of the upper Texas coast were the most likely area to be struck.

Storms

Tropical Depression One

Tropical Depression One formed from a tropical disturbance near the Lesser Antilles

Lesser Antilles

National Hurricane Center

The National Hurricane Center , located at Florida International University in Miami, Florida, is the division of National Weather Service's Tropical Prediction Center responsible for tracking and predicting the likely behavior of tropical depressions, tropical storms and tropical cyclone....
indicated the possibility of the depression strengthening into a tropical storm in media reports but upper-level wind shear inhibited any development. The depression dissipated the next day.

Tropical Depression Two

An area of disturbed weather in the central Atlantic managed to gain enough organization to be designated Tropical Depression Two on July 31. The depression moved across the Atlantic without strengthening due to high upper-level wind shear, and dissipated near the Lesser Antilles on August 3.

Hurricane Alicia

The system that would become Hurricane Alicia originated from the western end of a frontal trough that stretched from New England

New England

Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world. Considered a smaller part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is an oceanic basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba....
. Satellite pictures showed a meso-scale low pressure area that had moved off the Alabama

Alabama

Alabama is a state located in the Southern United States of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west....
and Mississippi

Mississippi

Mississippi is a U.S. state located in the Deep South of the United States. Jackson, Mississippi is the state capital and largest city. The state's name comes from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, and takes its name from the Anishinaabe language word misi-ziibi ....
coasts near the trough and was possibly the precursor system to Alicia. Pressures in the Gulf of Mexico were high and stayed high during the early development stages. On August 15, a ship recorded a minimal pressure of 1015 millibars

Bar (unit)

The bar , decibar and the millibar are units of pressure. They are not SI units, nor are they cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI....
(29.99 inHg), when the system was upgraded into Tropical Storm Alicia. With high environmental pressures around it, Alicia remained a small system.

Steering currents above Alicia remained weak during the storm's lifetime. However, a ridge was well formed to the north of the developing storms. With fluctuations in the pressures, Alicia began to drift to west on August 16. This was short-lived, as Alicia turned to the northwest towards Texas

Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
. During the period of August 16 to August 18, an anticyclone had formed over Alicia and along with slow movement over warm waters, caused Alicia to intensify rapidly. The pressure in Alicia decreased one millibar an hour in the 40 hours before landfall. Alicia peaked at 115 mph (185 km/h) in winds and 962 millibars (28.39 inHg) in pressure on August 18. Alicia made landfall near Galveston, Texas

Galveston, Texas

Galveston is a city in and county seat of Galveston County, Texas located on Galveston Island on the Gulf Coast of the United States in the U.S....
on August 18 as a Category 3 hurricane. Alicia weakened quickly over land and accelerated over the Midwest, before dissipating over Nebraska

Nebraska

Nebraska is a U.S. state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Western United States.Nebraska probably gets its name from the archaic Chiwere language words ?? Br?sge or the Omaha-Ponca language N? Bth?ska meaning "flat water," after the Platte River that flows through the state....
on August 21.

As Alicia moved northward, the remnants caused moderate to heavy rainfall in several states. Houston suffered heavy damage, including thousands of shattered glass panes from downtown skyscrapers. In the end, Alicia killed 22 people and caused $2 billion (1983 USD) in damage ($4.1 billion, 2007 USD).

Hurricane Barry

Hurricane Barry originated from a tropical disturbance that left the Northwestern Africa

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
n coast on August 13. Most of the season, the northwestern tropical Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
had upper-level wind shear, which had inhibited development of systems. Due to these conditions, the disturbance was unable to strengthen until August 22 as it was approaching the Bahamas. A weak trough moved the disturbance into an area of low wind shear, and the disturbance intensified into Tropical Depression Four on the evening of August 23. The depression was just to the northeast of the northern Bahamian Islands where it strengthened into Tropical Storm Barry on the morning of August 24.

Tropical Storm Barry turned to the west and with returning wind shear, weakened into a tropical depression. The depression made landfall near Melbourne, Florida

Melbourne, Florida

Melbourne is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. As of 2006, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau is 76,371. Melbourne is a principal city of the Palm Bay, Florida–Melbourne–Titusville, Florida Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is home to 534,359 people....
on the morning of August 25. After Tropical Depression Barry emerged from central Florida, it was still under pressure from high-level winds. The depression entered the central Gulf of Mexico

Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico is the ninth largest body of water in the world. Considered a smaller part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is an oceanic basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba....
and returned to tropical storm strength. Barry rapidly intensified, becoming a hurricane on August 28, making landfall near Brownsville, Texas

Brownsville, Texas

Bar (unit)

The bar , decibar and the millibar are units of pressure. They are not SI units, nor are they cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI....
(29.11 inHg). The remnants dissipated over the northern Mexican

Mexico

The United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federalism constitutionalism republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico....
mountains on August 29.

Hurricane Chantal

The area of disturbed weather that would soon become Chantal began in a large envelope of low pressure on the morning of September 10. The disturbed weather, nested off the coast of Bermuda

Bermuda

Hispaniola

Hispaniola is the second-largest and most populous island of the Antilles, lying between the islands of Cuba to the west, and Puerto Rico to the east....
to the central north Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions; with a total area of about 106.4 million square kilometres . It covers approximately one-fifth of the Earth's surface....
. This particular area of disturbed weather become part of the northeast portion of a low-pressure system. On September 10, a reconnaissance aircraft found sustained winds of 30 mph (50 km/h) and a 1010 millibar

Bar (unit)

The bar , decibar and the millibar are units of pressure. They are not SI units, nor are they cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI....
(29.83 inHg

HG and Hg may refer to:* Hg, the chemical symbol for mercury .* mmHg, or Torr, a unit of pressure* hg, or hectogram, one tenth of a kilogram...
) pressure reading. This reading upgraded the low-pressure system into the fifth tropical depression of the 1983 season.

The depression moved to within 100 miles (160 kilometers) of Bermuda

Bermuda

Bermuda is a British overseas territory in the Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, it is situated around 1770 kilometres northeast of Miami, Florida, and 1350 kilometres south of Halifax Regional Municipality, Canada....
and slowly intensified. Late that afternoon, Tropical Depression Five had intensified into a 40 mph (60 km/h) storm and was named Chantal. Chantal intensified rapidly, reaching 65 mph (105 km/h) by the morning of September 11. Chantal turned to the east and gained a weak outflow with cirrus clouds. Chantal was upgraded into a hurricane on the morning of September 12, but post-analysis reported that it may have reached hurricane status the night before. The hurricane changed little over the next 24 hours, until becoming disorganized on the night of the 12th. Chantal was downgraded to a tropical storm around the same time.

Overnight, all convection in Chantal dissipated, and its forward speed decreased as it headed to the north. A weak wave caused Chantal to speed up and the system was lost in a frontal system by the night of September 14. Effects on Bermuda were minimal, with the island getting winds of up to 20 mph (25 km/h) and few thundershowers. Chantal generated swells of 30–40 ft (9–12 m) along the East Coast of the United States

East Coast of the United States

The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard", refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern United States, which touch the Atlantic Ocean and stretch up to Canada....
.

Tropical Depression Six

Tropical Depression Six formed on September 19. The depression caused heavy rainfall in the Lesser Antilles

Lesser Antilles

Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are List of divided islands, Saint Martin being the other....
.

Tropical Storm Dean

Tropical Storm Dean originated from inside a frontal cloud band, which had moved off the Eastern Coast of the United States on September 22. During the next few days, the band became stationary from The Bahamas

The Bahamas

The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent, sovereign, English language-speaking country consisting of two thousand cays and seven hundred islands that form an archipelago....
to beyond Bermuda

Bermuda

Bar (unit)

The bar , decibar and the millibar are units of pressure. They are not SI units, nor are they cgs units, but they are accepted for use with the SI....
(30.56 inHg) high pressure cell had become settled over the northeastern United States

United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. This resulted in a strong pressure gradient and winds near gale force along the eastern coast.

A low-level circulation formed from the frontal cloud band on September 26 about 460 miles (740 km) east of central Florida

Florida

Florida is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the northeast....
. Dean was first identified on the afternoon of September 26 as a subtropical storm

Subtropical cyclone

A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical cyclone and some characteristics of an extratropical cyclone....
. An Air Force

Air force

An air force, also known in some countries as an air army or historically an army air corps , is in the broadest sense, the national armed force or armed service that primarily conducts aerial warfare....
reconnaissance

Reconnaissance

Reconnaissance is a military and medical term denoting exploration conducted to gain information. Militarily, its shorthand Australian, Canadian, and British form is recce , its American usage form is recon ....
flight was sent to Dean on September 27 and only reported winds of 35 mph (55 km/h) at 23 miles (37 kilometres) from the center. A pressure of 999 millibars (29.50 inHg) indicated that Dean was strengthening as it headed northward. Additionally, satellite pictures showed that the subtropical cyclone was emerging from the cloud. This data also showed that the storm was gaining tropical characteristics and was given the name Dean on the afternoon of September 27.

Dean's winds peaked at 50 mph (80 km/h) on September 28 as it headed northward. Dean's circulation turned to the northwest on September 29 and made landfall in the Delmarva Peninsula

Delmarva Peninsula

The Delmarva Peninsula is a large peninsula on the East Coast of the United States of the United States, occupied by portions of three U.S. states: Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia....
, one of only three storms in recorded history to do so, after Tropical Storm Bret in 1981 and later Tropical Storm Danielle in 1992. Dean dissipated over land on September 30.

Gale warnings were from North Carolina

North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north....
to Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, more commonly referred to as Rhode Island , is a U.S. state in the New England region of the United States....
in association with Dean. Dean produced rainfall spreading from the North Carolina

North Carolina

Virginia

New England

New England is a region of the United States located in the northeastern corner of the country, bounded by the Atlantic Ocean, Canada and New York State, and consisting of the modern U.S....
. Virginia reported rains of 1 inch (25.4 mm) with 3 inches (76.2 mm) at the border. Rains peaked at 4.62 inches (117 mm) at Cockaponset Ranger Station in Connecticut

Connecticut

Connecticut is a U.S. state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The state borders New York to the west and south , Massachusetts to the north, and Rhode Island to the east....
. Damage was limited to minor beach erosion and flooding along the portion of Mid-Atlantic coast states.

Season impact

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Rating

ACE (10⁴kt²) – Storm:
1	6.38	Alicia Hurricane Alicia Hurricane Alicia was the third depression, the first tropical storm, and the only major hurricane of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season. It struck Galveston and Houston, Texas directly, causing $2.6 billion United States dollar in damage and killing 21 people; this made it the worst Texas hurricane since Hurricane Carla , and Texas' fi...	2	4.27	Chantal
3	3.14	Barry Hurricane Barry (1983) Hurricane Barry was the fourth Tropical cyclone#Tropical depression, second Tropical cyclone#hurricane and second Tropical cyclone naming of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season....	4	3.07	Dean
Total = 16.86 (17)

The table on the right shows the ACE

Accumulated cyclone energy

Accumulated cyclone energy is a measure used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to express the activity of individual tropical cyclones and entire tropical cyclone seasons, particularly the Atlantic hurricane seasons....
for each storm in the season. ACE is, broadly speaking, a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the length of time it existed, so storms that last a long time, as well as particularly strong hurricanes, have high ACEs. ACE is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 35 knots (39 mph, 63 km/h) or tropical storm strength. The 1983 season had a cumulative ACE of 16.86 (17), which is well below normal and currently the least active season on record since the 1914 season

1914 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1914 Atlantic hurricane season was the least active Atlantic hurricane season on record, in which the season lasted for only 5 days. Although the season normally runs through the summer and the first half of fall, actual activity in the season was confined to the middle of September....
, which had an ACE rating of 2.53.

Storm names

The following names were used for named storms that formed in the North Atlantic in 1983. The names not retired from this list were used again in the 1989 season

1989 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1989 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1989, and lasted until November 30, 1989. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin....
. It was the first time these names had been used since the post-1978 change in the National Hurricane Center

National Hurricane Center

Alicia
Hurricane Alicia

Hurricane Alicia was the third depression, the first tropical storm, and the only major hurricane of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season. It struck Galveston and Houston, Texas directly, causing $2.6 billion United States dollar in damage and killing 21 people; this made it the worst Texas hurricane since Hurricane Carla , and Texas' fi...
Barry
Hurricane Barry (1983)

Hurricane Barry was the fourth Tropical cyclone#Tropical depression, second Tropical cyclone#hurricane and second Tropical cyclone naming of the 1983 Atlantic hurricane season....
Chantal
Dean

Retirement

The World Meteorological Organization

World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873....
retired one name in the spring of 1984: Alicia. It was replaced in the 1989 season

1989 Atlantic hurricane season

Tropical Storm Allison (1989)

Tropical Storm Allison was the first tropical cyclone, first named storm, and first tropical storm of the 1989 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm moved over Texas, producing heavy rain, and causing $560 million dollars in damage....
.

1983 Atlantic hurricane season

Seasonal forecasts and activity

Storms

Tropical Depression One

Tropical Depression Two

Hurricane Alicia

Hurricane Barry

Hurricane Chantal

Tropical Depression Six

Tropical Storm Dean

Season impact

Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Rating

Storm names

Retirement

See also

External links