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1982-2000 South Lebanon conflict
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During the South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000) Hezbollah, was created as a result of Israel's invasion of Lebanon. Along with Hezbollah, the mainly leftist and secular groups in the Lebanese National Resistance Front, waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon as well as their allies in the SLA, following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. The conflict ended on May 24, 2000 when the Lebanese Resistance, also known as Hezbollah forced the Israelis to withdraw from South Lebanon after decades of occupation.
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Encyclopedia
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During the South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000) Hezbollah, was created as a result of Israel's invasion of Lebanon. Along with Hezbollah, the mainly leftist and secular groups in the Lebanese National Resistance Front, waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon as well as their allies in the SLA, following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. The conflict ended on May 24, 2000 when the Lebanese Resistance, also known as Hezbollah forced the Israelis to withdraw from South Lebanon after decades of occupation. It ended with Israeli withdrawal in accordance with 1978's United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, The Israelis withdrew from most of Southern Lebanon, one area still under Israeli occupation is the Lebanese Shebaa Farms Subsequently Hezbollah was able to extend its control of Southern Lebanon, and while other militias disarmed in accordance with the Taif agreement, Hezbollah continued to maintain a sizable fighting force after the Israeli withdrawal. The conflict has been described as a sub-conflict of the Lebanese Civil War which is known to have been provoked by foreign forces, Israeli, Syrian, Palestinian and American (the 1982-1990 period).
Chronology
1993
After a month of Hezbollah shelling and attacks on its soldiers, Israel conducted a seven-day operation called Operation Accountability in order to destroy Hezbollah.
1996
The fighting culminated during Operation Grapes of Wrath in April 1996 when Israel launched an assault and air-campaign against Hezbollah. The campaign did not succeed and resulted in the deaths of more than 150 civilians and refugees in the shelling of a United Nations base at Qana.
On 30 May, two staggered road-side bombs killed four Israeli soldiers and injured several others at Marjayoun, where the IDF had their headquarters in southern Lebanon. On 10 June, all 13 members of an Israeli patrol north of the Litani river were killed or wounded in an ambush by Hezbollah. In retaliatory fire after the 10 June incident, Israeli artillery killed one Lebanese Army soldier and wounded one civilian.
2000: Israeli withdrawal
In January 2000, Hezbollah assassinated the commander of the South Lebanon Army's Western Brigade, Colonel Aql Hashem, at his home in the security zone. Hashem had been responsible for day to day operations of the SLA.
On 24 May "after the collapse of the SLA and the rapid advance of Hezbollah forces, Israel announced that it would withdraw its troops from southern Lebanon and completed its withdrawal the next day, more than six weeks before its stated deadline of 7 July." This was widely considered a victory for Hezbollah and boosted its popularity hugely in Lebanon.
Israel considered this move as tactical withdrawal since it always regarded the Security Zone as a buffer zone only to defend Israel's citizens. With an end to the occupation, Israel could assume it would improve its worldwide image.
As a Syrian-backed Lebanese government refused to demarcate its border with Israel, Israel worked with UN cartographers led by regional coordinator Terje Rød-Larsen to certify Israel has withdrawn from all occupied Lebanese territory. On June 16, 2000, UN Security Council concluded that Israel had indeed withdrawn its forces from all of Lebanon, in accordance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 (1978).
Aftermath
The tentative peace, resulting from the withdrawal, did not last, as Hezbollah rejected UNSC 425, and a weak Lebanese government did not deploy its forces along the Israeli border as required by UNSC 425.
On October 7, 2000 Hezbollah attacked Israel. In a cross-border raid, three Israeli soldiers who were patrolling the Lebanese border were attacked and abducted. Their bodies were returned to Israel in a 2004 prisoner exchange. During this exchange, it was also agreed that the price for the release of Lebanon's longest-held prisoner Samir Kuntar would be solid information on the fate of captured Israeli pilot Ron Arad. As Hizbullah failed to Earth any solid evidence as to Arad's fate, Kuntar remained incarcerated for his crimes.
In July 2006, in response to Israel's failure to release the Lebanese prisoners in Israel, Hezbollah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers and killed eight others. In retaliation Israel began the 2006 Lebanon War to rescue the abducted soldiers and weaken Hezbollah .
See also
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