Year
1930 (
MCMXXXRoman numerals are a numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet, which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals areThe Roman numeral system is decimal but not directly positional and does not include a zero...
) was a
common year starting on WednesdayThis is the calendar for any common year starting on Wednesday . Examples: Gregorian years 1997, 2003 and 2014 or Julian year 1903 ....
(link will display 1930 calendar) of the
Gregorian calendarThe Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter gravissimas...
.
January–February
- January 6
- The first diesel engine automobile trip is completed (Indianapolis
Indianapolis , often abbreviated Indy , is the capital of the U.S. state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. The United States Census estimated the city's population, excluding the included towns, at 807,584 in 2009...
, Indiana, to New York City).
- The first literary character licensing agreement is signed by A. A. Milne
Alan Alexander Milne was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work.-Life:A. A...
, granting Stephen SlesingerStephen Slesinger , was an American radio/television/film producer, creator of comic strip characters and the father of the licensing industry...
U.S. and Canadian merchandising rights to the Winnie-the-PoohWinnie-the-Pooh is a fictional bear created by A. A. Milne. The first collection of stories about the character was the book Winnie-the-Pooh , and this was followed by The House at Pooh Corner . Milne also included a poem about the bear in the children’s verse book When We Were Very Young and...
works.
- January 13 – The Mickey Mouse
Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks and voiced by Walt Disney...
comic strip makes its first appearance.
- January 26 – The Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress is a major political party in India. It is the largest and oldest democratic political party in the world. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in Indian political spectrum...
declares 26 January as Independence Day or as the day for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence).
- January 30 – The first radiosonde
A radiosonde is a unit for use in weather balloons that measures various atmospheric parameters and transmits them to a fixed receiver. Radiosondes may operate at a radio frequency of 403 MHz or 1680 MHz and both types may be adjusted slightly higher or lower as required...
is launched in PavlovskPavlovsk is a town situated in Russia, from and under the jurisdiction of Saint Petersburg, just to the south of Tsarskoye Selo. Population: 14,960 ....
, USSR.
- January 31 – The 3M
3M Company , formerly known as the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation based in Maplewood, Minnesota, a suburb of St...
company markets Scotch TapeScotch Tape is a brand name used for certain pressure sensitive tapes manufactured by 3M as part of the company's Scotch brand.- History :...
.
- February 18
- While studying photographs taken in January, Clyde Tombaugh
Clyde William Tombaugh was an American astronomer.Tombaugh is best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930, but also discovered many asteroids, and called for serious scientific research of unidentified flying objects.-Biography:Tombaugh was born in Streator, LaSalle County,...
confirms the existence of PlutoPluto, formal designation 134340 Pluto, is the second-largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the tenth-largest body observed directly orbiting the Sun...
, a heavenly body considered a planet until 2006, when the term "planet" was officially defined. Pluto is now considered a Dwarf PlanetA dwarf planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union , is a celestial body orbiting the Sun that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity but has not cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals and is not a satellite...
.
- Elm Farm Ollie
Elm Farm Ollie was the first cow to fly in an airplane, doing so on 18 February 1930, as part of the International Air Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. On the same trip, which covered 72 miles from Bismarck, Missouri, to St. Louis, she also became the first cow milked in flight...
becomes the first cow to fly in an airplaneA fixed-wing aircraft, typically called an airplane, aeroplane or simply plane, is an aircraft capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air...
, and also the first cow to be milked in an airplane.
March–April
- March 2 – Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
informs the British viceroy of India that civil disobedienceCivil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power, using no form of violence. It is one of the primary methods of nonviolent resistance. In its most nonviolent form it could be said that it is compassion in...
will begin 9 days later.
- March 3 – John Dillinger
John Herbert Dillinger Jr. was an American bank robber in the Midwest during the early 1930s. He was considered to be a dangerous criminal who was involved in the deaths of several police officers, robbed at least two dozen banks and four police stations, escaped from jail twice and was idolized...
escapes prison using a wooden gun.
- March 5 – Danish painter Einar Wegener goes through a sexual reassignment surgery and takes the name Lili Elbe
Lili Elbe was a trans woman and one of the first identifiable recipients of male to female sex reassignment surgery. She was born as a male in Denmark. Born as Einar Mogens Wegener, she identified as male for most of her life and was a successful artist with that name...
.
- March 6 – The first frozen food
Freezing food preserves food from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten. Since early times, farmers, fishermen, and trappers have preserved their game in unheated buildings during the winter season...
s of Clarence BirdseyeClarence Frank Birdseye II was an American inventor who is considered the founder of the modern method of freezing food. In 1910 and 1911, he captured several hundred small mammals and isolated several thousand ticks for research into the cause of Rocky Mountain spotted fever...
go on sale in Springfield, MassachusettsSpringfield is the largest city on the Connecticut River and the county seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States.In the 2000 census, the city population was 154,082 with an estimated 2008 population of 150,640. It is the third largest city in Massachusetts and fourth largest in New...
.
- March 12 – Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
sets off on a 200-mile protest march towards the sea with 78 followers to protest the British monopoly on saltIn chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that can result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically neutral...
; more will join them during the Salt March that ends on April 5.
- March 28 – Constantinople
Constantinople was the imperial capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin Empire and the Ottoman Empire...
and Angora change their names to IstanbulIstanbul is the largest city in Turkey and fourth largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper...
and AnkaraAnkara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2007 the city had a population of 4,751,360, which includes eight districts under the city's administration...
.
- March 29 – Heinrich Brüning
Heinrich Brüning was a German politician during the Weimar Republic. He served as Chancellor of Germany from 1930 to 1932, making him the longest serving Chancellor of the Weimar Republic....
is appointed German Reichskanzler.
- March 31 – The Motion Pictures Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in motion pictures
Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry. Films are produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects.Films are cultural artifacts created by specific...
for the next 40 years.
- April 4 – The Communist Party of Panama is founded.
- April 5 – In an act of civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power, using no form of violence. It is one of the primary methods of nonviolent resistance. In its most nonviolent form it could be said that it is compassion in...
, Mahatma GandhiMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
breaks British law after marching to the sea and making saltIn chemistry, salts are ionic compounds that can result from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically neutral...
.
- April 6 – Hostess Twinkie
Twinkies are a popular, even iconic, American snack cake made and distributed by Hostess Brands. They are marketed as a "Golden Sponge Cake with Creamy Filling"....
s are invented.
- April 17 – Neoprene
Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic rubbers that are produced by polymerization of chloroprene. Neoprene in general has good chemical stability, and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range...
is invented.
- April 18
- The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India
India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
- The BBC Radio
BBC Radio is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927. For a history of BBC radio prior to 1927 see British Broadcasting Company. BBC Radios 1 to 7 are based in London, but programmes are also made in...
Service from LondonLondon is the capital of England and the United Kingdom . It is Britain's largest and most populous metropolitan area. A major settlement for two millennia, its history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, or the 'square mile'...
, somewhat infamously, reports on this day that "There is no news".
- April 21
- A fire in the Ohio Penitentiary
The Ohio Penitentiary, also known as the Ohio State Penitentiary, or less formally, the Ohio Pen or State Pen, was a prison operated from 1834 to 1983 in downtown Columbus, Ohio, in what is now known as the Arena District. The prison housed 5,235 prisoners at its peak in 1955...
near ColumbusColumbus is the capital and largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio, the state's third largest metropolitan area behind Cleveland and Cincinnati, and the fourth largest city in the American Midwest. It is the county seat of Franklin County...
kills 320 people.
- The Turkestan-Siberia Railway
The broad gauge Turkestan–Siberian Railway connects Central Asia with Siberia. It starts north of Tashkent in Uzbekistan at Arys, where it branches off from the Trans-Caspian Railway. It heads roughly northeast through Shymkent, Taraz, Bishkek to the former Kazakh capital of Almaty...
is completed.
- April 22 – The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
[In the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...]
, Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
and the United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D...
sign the London Naval TreatyThe London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, the Empire of Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on April 22, 1930, which regulated submarine warfare and limited naval shipbuilding.-Conference:...
regulating submarineA submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water. It differs from a submersible, which has only limited underwater capability...
warfare and limiting shipA ship is a large vessel that floats on water. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. In traditional terms, ships were considered to be vessels which had at least one continuous water-tight deck extending from bow to stern. However, some modern...
building.
- April 28 – The first night game in organized baseball
Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond...
history takes place in Independence, KansasIndependence is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. The population was 9,846 at the 2000 census.-Geography:...
.
May–June
- May 4/May 5 – Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
is arrested again.
- May 6 – The Great Salmas
Salmās or Salamas , also Shahpur, Dīlman, and Dīlmagān, is a city in West Azarbaijan Province of Iran. The town is of Azerbaijanian origin. In a 2006 census, the city had a population of 79,560. It is the administrative seat of Salmas County and Salmas Central District...
Earthquake in IranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and formerly known internationally as Persia, is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was widely known as Persia...
(7.3 on the Richter Scale) kills 4,000 people.
- May 10 – The National Pan-Hellenic Council
The National Pan-Hellenic Council is a collaborative organization of nine historically African American, international Greek lettered fraternities and sororities...
is founded in Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790...
.
- May 14 – Federal Bureau of Prisons
The Federal Bureau of Prisons is a federal law enforcement agency subdivision of the United States Department of Justice and is responsible for the administration of the federal prison system...
- May 15 – Aboard a Boeing
The Boeing Company is a major aerospace and defense corporation, founded by William E. Boeing in Seattle, Washington. Boeing has expanded over the years, merging with McDonnell Douglas in 1997. Boeing Corporate headquarters has been in Chicago, Illinois since 2001...
tri-motor, Ellen ChurchEllen Church was the first airline stewardess .-Biography:Born in Cresco, Iowa, Church was a pilot and a nurse. Boeing Air Transit wouldn't hire her as a pilot, but did take her suggestion to hire nurses as stewardesses in order to calm passengers' fear of flight...
becomes the first airline stewardessFlight attendants or cabin crew are members of an aircrew employed by airlines primarily to ensure the safety but also the comfort of passengers aboard commercial flights, on select business jet aircraft., and on some military aircraft.-History:The role of a flight attendant ultimately derives...
(the flight was from Oakland, CaliforniaOakland is the eighth-largest city in the U.S. state of California and a major West Coast port city, located on San Francisco Bay about eight miles east of the city of San Francisco. Oakland is a major hub city for the Bay Area subregion collectively called the East Bay, and it is the county...
to Chicago, IllinoisChicago is the largest city in both Illinois and the Midwest, and the third most populous city in the United States, with over 2.8 million living within the city limits. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland", is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million...
).
- May 16 – Rafael Leónidas Trujillo
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina , nicknamed El Jefe , ruled the Dominican Republic from 1930 until his assassination in 1961. He officially served as president from 1930 to 1938 and again from 1942 to 1952, ruling for the rest of his tenure in office as an unelected military strongman...
is elected president of the Dominican RepublicThe Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
.
- May 17 – French Prime Minister André Tardieu
André Pierre Gabriel Amédée Tardieu was three times Prime Minister of France and a dominant figure of French political life in 1929-1932.-Biography:Tardieu was a graduate of the elite Lycée Condorcet...
decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the RhinelandThe Rhineland today is the general name for areas of Germany along the river Rhine between Bingen and the Dutch border. To the west the area stretches to the borders with Luxembourg, Belgium and the Netherlands; on the eastern side it only encompasses the towns and cities along the river...
(they depart by June 30).
- May 20 – Sergei Eisenstein
Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein was a pioneering Soviet Russian film director and film theorist, often considered to be the "Father of Montage." He is noted in particular for his silent films Strike , Battleship Potemkin and October , as well as the historical epics Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the...
arrives in New York City.
- May 24 – Amy Johnson
Amy Johnson CBE, was a pioneering English aviatrix. Flying solo or with her husband, Jim Mollison, Johnson set numerous long-distance records during the 1930s...
lands in Darwin, AustraliaDarwin is the capital city of the Northern Territory, Australia. Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 124,800, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities...
, becoming the first woman to fly solo from EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
to AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
(she left on May 5 for the 11,000 mile flight).
- May 30
- Sergei Eisenstein
Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein was a pioneering Soviet Russian film director and film theorist, often considered to be the "Father of Montage." He is noted in particular for his silent films Strike , Battleship Potemkin and October , as well as the historical epics Alexander Nevsky and Ivan the...
arrives in Hollywood to work for Paramount PicturesParamount Pictures is an American film production and distribution company, located at 5555 Melrose Avenue in Hollywood. Founded in 1912 and currently owned by media conglomerate Viacom, it is America's oldest existing film studio; it is also the last major film studio still headquartered in the...
; they part ways by October.
- William "Red" Hill Sr. makes his famous five-hour journey down the Niagara lower rapids.
- June 9 – Chicago Tribune
The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, and the flagship publication of the Tribune Company. Formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" , it remains the most read daily newspaper of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region and is...
journalist Jake LingleAlfred "Jake" Lingle, Jr. was a reporter for the Chicago Tribune. He was shot dead gangland-style at the Illinois Central train station underpass, during rush hour on June 9, 1930, as dozens of people watched...
is shot in ChicagoChicago is the largest city in both Illinois and the Midwest, and the third most populous city in the United States, with over 2.8 million living within the city limits. Its metropolitan area, commonly named "Chicagoland", is the 26th most populous in the world, home to an estimated 9.7 million...
, IllinoisIllinois , the 21st state admitted to the United States of America, is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern state and the fifth most populous state in the nation...
. Newspapers promise $55,000 reward for information. Lingle is later found to have had contacts with organized crimeOrganized crime or criminal organizations is a transnational grouping of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit. The Organized Crime Control Act defines organized crime as "The unlawful activities of [...]...
.
- June 14 – Bureau of Narcotics (under Department of the Treasury
The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue...
).
- June 17 – U.S. President Herbert Hoover
Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States . Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted government intervention under the rubric "economic...
signs the Smoot-Hawley Tariff ActThe Smoot–Hawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff was an act signed into law on June 17, 1930, that raised U.S...
into law.
- June 21 – One-year conscription
Conscription, also known as the draft or national service, is the compulsory enrollment of people and the term typically refers to their enlistment in a country's military. It is known by various names, for example, the most recent conscription program in the United States was known colloquially...
comes into force in FranceFrance , officially the French Republic , is a state in Western Europe with several of its overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea,...
.
July–August
- July 4 – The dedication of George Washington
George Washington served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783...
's head is held at Mount RushmoreMount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore near Keystone, South Dakota in the United States...
.
- July 5 – The Seventh Lambeth Conference of Anglican Christian bishops opens. This conference approved the use of artificial birth control
Birth control is a regimen of one or more actions, devices, sexual practices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of pregnancy or childbirth...
in limited circumstances, marking a controversial turning point in Christian views on contraceptionPrior to the 20th century, contraception was generally condemned by all the major branches of Christianity including the major reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin...
.
- July 7
- The Lapua Movement
The Lapua Movement , named after the then municipality and modern days town of Lapua, was a political movement in Finland.It started in 1929 and was initially dominated by ardent anti-communist nationalists, emphasizing the legacy of the nationalist activism, the White Guards and the Civil War in...
marches in HelsinkiHelsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of...
, FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe...
.
- Building of the Boulder Dam (now known as Hoover Dam
Hoover Dam, once known as Boulder Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border between the US states of Arizona and Nevada. It was constructed between 1931 and 1936, and was dedicated on September 30, 1935 by President Franklin Roosevelt...
) is started.
- July 13 – The first Football World Cup
The 1930 FIFA World Cup was the inaugural world championship for international association football teams – the FIFA World Cup. It was played in Uruguay from 13 July to 30 July...
starts: Lucien LaurentLucien Laurent was a French association football player, famous for scoring the first ever FIFA World Cup goal...
scores the first goal, for FranceThe France national football team represents the nation of France in international football. It is fielded by the French Football Federation and competes as a member of UEFA....
against MexicoThe Mexico national football team represents Mexico in international football competition and is managed by the Mexican Football Federation , which also manages the women's national team...
.
- July 25 – Laurence Olivier
Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM was an English actor, director, and producer. He was one of the most famous and revered British actors of the 20th century...
marries Jill Esmond.
- July 26 – Charles Creighton
Charles Creighton was a British physician and medical author. He was highly regarded for his scholarly writings on medical history but was widely denounced for disputing the germ theory of infectious diseases....
and James Hargis of Missouri begin their return journey to Los AngelesLos Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the municipality of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
, driving 11,555 km using only a reverse gear; the trip lasts the next 42 days.
- July 28 – Richard Bennett defeats William Lyon Mackenzie King
William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s to the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from 29 December 1921 to 28 June 1926; 25 September 1926 to 6 August 1930; and 23 October 1935 to 15 November 1948...
in federal elections and becomes the Prime Minister of CanadaThe Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
.
- July 30
- Uruguay
The Uruguay national football team represents Uruguay in international football competition and is controlled by the Asociación Uruguaya de Fútbol. Uruguay is currently number sixteen in the FIFA world rankings....
beats ArgentinaThe Argentina national football team is the national association football team of Argentina and is controlled by the Argentine Football Association...
4–2 in the first association football World Cup FinalThe 1930 FIFA World Cup was the inaugural world championship for international association football teams – the FIFA World Cup. It was played in Uruguay from 13 July to 30 July...
.
- New York
New York is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous. The state is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
station W2XBS is put in charge of NBCThe National Broadcasting Company is an American television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices in Burbank, California...
broadcast engineersBroadcast engineering is the field of electrical engineering, and now to some extent computer engineering and information technology, which deals with radio and television broadcasting...
.
- July 31 – The radio drama
Radio drama is a form of audio storytelling broadcast on radio. With no visual component, radio drama depends on dialogue, music and sound effects to help the listener imagine the story....
The ShadowThe Shadow is a collection of serialized dramas, originally in pulp magazines, then on 1930s radio and then in a wide variety of media, that follow the exploits of the title character, a crime-fighting vigilante with psychic powers...
airs for the first time.
- August 6 – Judge Joseph Force Crater steps into a taxi in New York and disappears.
- August 7 – Richard Bennett becomes Canada
Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area...
's eleventh prime ministerThe Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
.
- August 9 – Betty Boop
Betty Boop is an animated cartoon character created by animator Grim Natwick, appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Fleischer Studios and released by Paramount Pictures. With her overt sexual appeal, Betty was a hit with filmgoers, and despite having been toned down...
premiers in the animated film Dizzy DishesDizzy Dishes is a animated short film created by the Fleischer Studios in 1930 as part of the Talkartoon series. It is famous as a debut cartoon of Betty Boop.-Synopsis:...
.
- August 12 – Turkish
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey
, is a Eurasian country situated in the Anatolian peninsula, located in Western Asia, and Eastern Thrace, located in southeastern Europe...
troops move into PersiaIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and formerly known internationally as Persia, is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was widely known as Persia...
to fight Kurdish insurgents.
- August 21 – Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret,was born. The younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen, and sister to The Princess Elizabeth NB.King George VI and his Queen Elizabeth were not crowned until May 1937.
- August 27 – A military junta
A military junta is a government led by a committee of military leaders. The term derives from the Spanish junta meaning committee, specifically a board of directors...
takes over in PeruPeru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.Peruvian territory was home to the Norte Chico...
.
September–October
- September 6 – José Félix Uriburu
General José Félix Benito Uriburu y Uriburu was the first de facto President of Argentina, achieved through military force, from September 6, 1930 to February 20, 1932....
carries out a successful military coup, overthrowing Hipólito YrigoyenJuan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Irigoyen Alem was twice President of Argentina...
, President of ArgentinaArgentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
.
- September 8 – 3M begins marketing Scotch transparent tape.
- September 12 – Cricket player Wilfred Rhodes
Wilfred Rhodes was an English professional cricketer who played 58 Test matches for England between 1899 and 1930. In Tests, Rhodes took 127 wickets in and scored 2,325 runs, becoming the first Englishman to complete the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in Test matches...
ends his 1,110-game first-class career by taking 5 for 95 for H.D.G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians.
- September 14 – National Socialists
Nazism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany. It was a unique variety of fascism that involved biological racism and anti-Semitism...
win 107 seats in the German ParliamentThe German federal election occurred on 14 September 1930 during the Weimar Republic. The number of seats increased from the last election in 1928 to 577 seats, however, the SPD, who remained the largest party saw their share decrease. The Nazi Party on the other hand increased their seats from 12...
(18.3% of all the votes), making them the second largest party.
- September 20 – The Eastern Catholic Rite Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church is an Antiochene Rite, Major Archiepiscopal sui iuris Eastern Catholic Church, in full communion with the Bishop of Rome...
is formed.
- September 27 – İsmet İnönü
Mustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" ....
forms new government in TurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey
, is a Eurasian country situated in the Anatolian peninsula, located in Western Asia, and Eastern Thrace, located in southeastern Europe...
. (6th government)
- October 5 – British Airship R101 crashes in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.
- October 24 – Revolution of 1930: Getúlio Dornelles Vargas takes power in Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America and the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population....
.
November–December
- November 2 – Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. Officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, it is the second-most populous nation in Africa with over 79.2 million people and the tenth-largest by area with its 1,100,000 km
2. The capital is Addis...
.
- November 3 – Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas served as president and dictator of Brazil from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, being the president with most years of office...
becomes president of BrazilBrazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America and the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population....
.
- November 25 – An earthquake
An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves...
in the Izu PeninsulaThe is a large mountainous peninsula with deeply indented coasts to the west of Tokyo on the Pacific coast of the island of Honshū, Japan. Formerly the eponymous Izu Province, Izu peninsula is now a part of Shizuoka prefecture...
of Japanis an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
kills 223 people and destroys 650 buildings.
- December – Turkish
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey
, is a Eurasian country situated in the Anatolian peninsula, located in Western Asia, and Eastern Thrace, located in southeastern Europe...
women are given the right to vote.
- December 2 – Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
: U.S. President Herbert HooverHerbert Clark Hoover was the 31st President of the United States . Hoover was a professional mining engineer and author. As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted government intervention under the rubric "economic...
goes before Congress and asks for a US$150 million public works program to help generate jobs and stimulate the economyEconomics is the social science that is concerned with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
.
- December 7 – W1XAV in Boston, Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of...
broadcasts video from the CBSCBS Broadcasting Inc. is a major American television network, which started as a radio network. The name is derived from the initials of the network's former name, Columbia Broadcasting System. The network is sometimes referred to as the "Eye Network" in reference to the shape of the company's logo...
radio orchestra program, The Fox Trappers. The broadcast also includes the first television commercial in the United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D...
, an advertisement for I.J. Fox Furriers, who sponsored the radio show.
- December 19 – Merapi
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi , is a conical volcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548...
volcano in IndonesiaIndonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 230 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a...
erupts, killing 1,300.
- December 24 – In London
London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom . It is Britain's largest and most populous metropolitan area. A major settlement for two millennia, its history goes back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, or the 'square mile'...
, Harry Grindell MatthewsHarry Grindell Matthews was an English inventor who claimed to have invented a death ray in the 1920s.-Earlier life and inventions:...
demonstrates his device to project pictures to the clouds.
- December 28 – Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
leaves for Britain for negotiations.
- December 29 – Sir Muhammad Iqbal's presidential address in Allahabad
Allahabad , or City of God in Persian, also known as Prayag , is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and administrative headquarters of Allahabad District. The ancient name of the city is Aggra and is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the...
introduces the Two-Nation TheoryThe Two-Nation Theory also known as The Ideology of Pakistan was the basis for the Partition of India in 1947. It stated that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations by every definition, and therefore Muslims should have an autonomous homeland in the Muslim majority areas of British India for...
, outlining a vision for the creation of PakistanPakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is a country in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, and India in the east and the China in the far northeast. Tajikistan also lies very close to...
.
Undated
- The British White Paper demands restrictions on Jewish immigration into Palestine.
- The Federal Bureau of Narcotics replaces the Narcotics Division of the Prohibition Unit.
- A Jake paralysis
Jamaica ginger extract was a late 19th century patent medicine that provided a convenient way to bypass Prohibition laws, since it contained between 70-80% ethanol by weight.-History:...
outbreak occurs in United States.
- Bernhard Schmidt
Bernhard Woldemar Schmidt was an Swedish-Estonian optician who spent his adult life in Germany. In 1930 he invented the Schmidt telescope which corrected for the optical errors of spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism, making possible for the first time the construction of very large,...
invents the Schmidt cameraA Schmidt camera, also referred to as the Schmidt telescope, is a catadioptric astronomical camera designed to provide wide fields of view with limited aberrations. Other similar designs are the Wright Camera and Lurie-Houghton telescope....
.http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/history/schmidt
- A massive hurricane in the Caribbean almost demolishes the city of Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo, or Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic. Its metropolitan population was 2,084,852 in 2003, and estimated at 2,253,437 in 2006. The city is located on the Caribbean Sea, at the mouth of the Ozama River...
, Dominican Republic.
- W9XAP in Chicago, Illinois
Illinois , the 21st state admitted to the United States of America, is the most populous and demographically diverse Midwestern state and the fifth most populous state in the nation...
, broadcasts the U.S. senatorial election returns, which is the first time a senatorial race, with non-stop vote tallies, is ever televised.
- 1930–1931 – Crazy Horse
Crazy Horse was a respected war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He fought against the U.S. federal government to preserve the land and traditions of the Lakota way of life, participating in the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876. After surrendering to U.S...
's lifelong friend, He DogHe Dog . A member of the Oglala Lakota, He Dog was closely associated with Crazy Horse during the Great Sioux War of 1876-77.-Biography:...
, is interviewed by journalist Eleanor Hinman and NebraskaNebraska is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha....
writer Mari SandozMari Susette Sandoz was a novelist, biographer, lecturer, and teacher. She was one of Nebraska's foremost writers, and wrote extensively about pioneer life and the Plains Indians, and has been occasionally referred to as Mari S...
.
- Sudbury, Ontario
Ontario is a Province of Canada located in the east-central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area...
, CanadaCanada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area...
is incorporated as a city.
- 1935 – The Giant Aye-aye
The Giant Aye-aye is an extinct relative of the Aye-aye, the only other species in the genus Daubentonia. It lived in Madagascar. It appears to have disappeared less than 1,000 years ago, but is entirely unknown in life, and only known from subfossil remains.As of 2004, Giant Aye-aye remains...
an extinct species is classified.
- Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus region and the Black Sea to the southeast...
ans are 38% of world populationThe world population is the population of humans on the planet Earth. In 2009, the United Nations estimated the population to be 6,800,000,000; current estimates by the United States Census Bureau put the population at ....
.
January
- January 1 – Gaafar Nimeiry
Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was the President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985...
, President of Sudan (d. 2009)
- January 2
- Julius LaRosa, American singer
- Robert Loggia
Robert Loggia is an American film and television actor and director, who specializes in character parts.-Early life:...
, American actor
- January 4 – Sorrell Booke
Sorrell Booke was an American actor who performed on stage, screen, and television. He is best known for his role as the heavyset, corrupt politician "Boss" Hogg in the television show The Dukes of Hazzard....
, American actor (d. 1994)
- January 6
- Charles Kalani, Jr.
Charles "Charlie" J. Kalani, Jr. was an American professional wrestler, professional boxer, college football player, soldier, actor, and Martial Artist who, in fighting rings, was also known as Professor Toru Tanaka, or simply, Professor Tanaka.-Early life:He was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son...
, Asian-American actor (d. 2000)
- Vic Tayback
Victor "Vic" Tayback was an American actor.-Life and career:Tayback was born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, the son of Helen and Najeeb James Tayback. His parents were immigrants from Aleppo, Syria. Tayback moved with his family to Burbank, California, during his teenage years and attended...
, American actor (d. 1990)
- January 10 – Roy E. Disney
Roy Edward Disney, KCSG was a longtime senior executive for The Walt Disney Company, which his father Roy Oliver Disney and his uncle Walt Disney founded. At the time of death he was a shareholder , and served as a consultant for the company and Director Emeritus for the Board of Directors...
, American film and television executive (d. 2009)
- January 12 – Jennifer Johnston
Jennifer Johnston is an Irish novelist, winner of the Whitbread Book Award for The Old Jest in 1979, and was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1977...
, Irish writer
- January 19 – Tippi Hedren
Nathalie Kay "Tippi" Hedren is an American actress and former fashion model with a career spanning six decades. She is primarily known for her roles in two Alfred Hitchcock films, The Birds and Marnie, and her extensive efforts in animal rescue at Shambala Preserve, an wildlife habitat which she...
, American actress
- January 20 – Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin is an American mechanical engineer, retired United States Air Force pilot and astronaut who was the Lunar Module pilot on Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing in history...
, American pilot and astronaut, Apollo 11The Apollo 11 space flight landed the first humans on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969. The mission, carried out by the United States, is considered a major accomplishment in human exploration and represented a victory by the U.S...
second person to set foot on the MoonThe Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System. It is the largest natural satellite in the Solar System relative to the size of its planet, a quarter the diameter of Earth and 1/81 its mass, and is the second densest satellite after Io...
- January 23 – Derek Walcott
The Hon. Derek Alton Walcott, OCC is a Caribbean poet, playwright, writer and visual artist. Born in Castries, Saint Lucia, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1992....
, West Indian writer, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
laureate
- January 24 – Rita Lakin
Rita Lakin is the creator of the Gladdy Gold mystery books. These include Getting Old Is Murder, Getting Old Is The Best Revenge, and Getting Old Is Criminal....
, American author
- January 26 – John Straffen
John Thomas Straffen was a British serial killer who was the longest-serving prisoner in British legal history. Straffen killed two young girls in the summer of 1951. He was found to be unfit to plead and committed to Broadmoor Hospital; during a brief escape in 1952 he killed again. This time he...
, British serial killer (d. 2007)
- January 27 – Bobby Bland
Robert Calvin Bland better known as Bobby “Blue” Bland, is an American singer of blues and soul. He is an original member of The Beale Streeters. and is sometimes referred to as the "Lion of the Blues"...
, American singer
- January 30 – Gene Hackman
Eugene Allen "Gene" Hackman is an American actor and novelist.Hackman has made 80 films. He came to fame in 1967 when his performance as Buck Barrow in Bonnie and Clyde earned him his first Oscar nomination...
, American actor
February
- February 6 – Allan King
Allan Winton King, OC ) was a Canadian film director.-Life:During the Depression, King attended Henry Hudson Elementary School in Kitsilano, Vancouver...
, Canadian director (d. 2009)
- February 8
- Alejandro Rey
Alejandro Rey was an Argentine-American actor.Rey was born in Buenos Aires and became famous as an actor in Argentine movies before making the decision to emigrate to the United States in 1960. He was most famous for his roles in movies like Fun in Acapulco with Elvis Presley , as well as the...
, Argentine-American actor (d. 1987)
- Jim Dooley
James William Dooley was a former American football player and coach. He is best remembered for his tenure in both capacities with the National Football League's Chicago Bears....
, American football coach (d. 2008)
- February 10 – Robert Wagner
Robert John Wagner is an American film and television actor of stage and screen, who starred in movies, soap operas and television....
, American actor
- February 12 – Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter is the senior United States senator from Pennsylvania. Specter is a Democrat, but was a Republican from 1965 until switching back to the Democratic Party in 2009. Elected to the Senate in 1980, Specter staked out a spot in the political center...
, American politician
- February 15 – Sarah Jane Moore, American prisoner
- February 16 – Peter Adamson
Peter Adamson was a British actor born in Liverpool. He is best known for playing 'rough diamond' Len Fairclough in Coronation Street from 1961 to 1983....
, British actor (d. 2002)
- February 19 – John Frankenheimer
John Michael Frankenheimer was an American filmmaker. He is known for making The Manchurian Candidate , Birdman of Alcatraz , The Train, , Seven Days in May and Ronin .-Early life:Frankenheimer was born in Malba, Queens, New York, the son of Helen Mary and Walter Martin...
, American film director (d. 2002)
- February 20 – Ken Jones
Ken Jones is an English actor. Jones was born in Liverpool, England and after working as a signwriter and amateur acting, he trained at RADA and joined Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop...
, British actor
- February 22
- Marni Nixon
Marni Nixon is an American soprano renowned for being a playback singer for featured actresses in well known movie musicals. This has earned her the sobriquet "The Ghostess with the Mostess", and also "The Voice of Hollywood"...
, American singer and actress
- James McGarrell
James McGarrell is an important American painter known for painting lush figurative interiors and landscapes.-Biography:...
, American painter
- February 27
- Joanne Woodward
Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward is an Academy Award-winning American actress, television and theatrical producer, and widow of Paul Newman.-Early life:...
, American actress
- Peter Stone
Peter Hess Stone was an American writer for theater, television and movies.-Life and career:Stone was born in Los Angeles. His mother, Hilda , was a film writer, and his father, John Stone was the writer and producer of many silent films, including Shirley Temple and Charlie Chan movies...
, American writer (d. 2003)
- February 28 – Leon Neil Cooper, American physicist, Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
laureate
March
- March 2 – Tom Wolfe
Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe, Jr. is a best-selling American author and journalist. He is one of the founders of the New Journalism movement of the 1960s and 1970s.-Early life:Wolfe was born in Richmond, Virginia to Thomas Kennerly Wolfe, Sr. and Helen Hughes Wolfe...
, American author and novelist
- March 3 – Heiner Geissler, German politician
- March 3 – K. S. Rajah
Kasinather Sauthararajah S.C., P.B.M. , known professionally as K.S. Rajah, was a Senior Counsel and former Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Singapore...
, Senior Counsel and former Judicial Commissioner of the Supreme Court of Singapore
- March 6
- Allison Hayes
Allison Hayes was an American film and television actress and model.-Early life:Born Mary Jane Hayes in Charleston, West Virginia, Hayes won the title of Miss District of Columbia and represented Washington, DC in the 1949 Miss America pageant...
, American actress (d. 1977)
- Lorin Maazel
Lorin Varencove Maazel is a conductor, violinist and composer.- Early life :Maazel was born to Jewish-American parents in Neuilly-sur-Seine in France and brought up in the United States...
, French-born conductor
- March 7 – Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, GCVO, RDI, is an English photographer and Emmy Award-winning documentary filmmaker who sits in the House of Lords by a life peerage granted him in 1999. He was married to Princess Margaret from 1960 to 1978...
- March 10 – Claude Bolling
Claude Bolling , is a renowned French jazz pianist, composer, arranger, and occasional actor.He was born in Cannes, studied at the Nice Conservatory, then in Paris. A child prodigy, by age 14 he was playing jazz piano professionally, with Lionel Hampton, Roy Eldridge, and Kenny Clarke...
, French jazz pianist and composer
- March 13 – Liz Anderson
Liz Anderson is an American Country Music Singer-Songwriter. She is also the mother of singer Lynn Anderson....
, American country music singer-songwriter
- March 15 – Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
Zhores Ivanovich Alferov is a Russian physicist and academic who contributed significantly to the creation of modern heterostructure physics and electronics. He is an inventor of the heterotransistor and the winner of 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is also a Russian politician and has been a...
, Russian physicist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
laureate
- March 17 – James Irwin
James Benson Irwin was an American astronaut and engineer of Scottish and Irish descent. He served as Lunar Module pilot for Apollo 15, the fourth human lunar landing; he was the eighth person to walk on the Moon....
, American astronaut (d. 1991)
- March 19 – Ornette Coleman
Ornette Coleman is an American saxophonist, violinist, trumpeter and composer. He was one of the major innovators of the free jazz movement of the 1960s....
, American musician
- March 20 – Willie Thrower
Willie Thrower was a professional American football player. Born near Pittsburgh in New Kensington, Pennsylvania, he was the first African American player to appear in a "modern-era" professional game at the quarterback position in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears in 1953.In...
, American football player
- March 22
- Pat Robertson
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson is a prominent political spokesman for the Christian right in American politics and a highly visible spokesman in the media for Fundamentalist religion...
, American televangelist
- Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Joshua Sondheim is an American composer and lyricist for stage and film. He is the winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize...
, American composer and lyricist
- March 24
- David Dacko
David Dacko was the first President of the Central African Republic , from August 14, 1960 to January 1, 1966, and the third president of the CAR from September 21, 1979 to September 1, 1981...
, first President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)
- Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980)
- March 25 – John Keel
John Alva Keel was a Fortean author and professional journalist.Keel wrote professionally from the age of 12, and was best known for his writings on unidentified flying objects, the "Mothman" of West Virginia, and other paranormal subjects...
, American author
- March 26 – Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor is an American jurist who was the first female member of the Supreme Court of the United States. She served as an Associate Justice from 1981 until her retirement from the Court in 2006. O'Connor was appointed by President Ronald Reagan in 1981.Prior to O'Connor's appointment...
, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (1981–2006)
- March 27 – David Janssen
David Janssen was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Dr. Richard Kimble in the television series The Fugitive and as Harry Orwell on Harry O.-Early life:...
, American actor (d. 1980)
- March 28 – Jerome Isaac Friedman
Jerome Isaac Friedman is an American physicist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois to parents who emigrated to the US from Russia, and excelled particularly in art while growing up...
, American physicist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
laureate
- March 30
- John Astin
John Allen Astin is an American actor who has appeared in numerous films and television shows, and is best known for the role of Gomez Addams on The Addams Family, and other similarly eccentric comedic characters.-Early years:...
, American actor
- Rolf Harris
Rolf Harris, CBE, AM , is an Australian/British musician, singer, composer, painter, and television host and personality....
, Australian-born entertainer
April
- April 1 – Grace Lee Whitney
Grace Lee Whitney is an American actress and entertainer, also known as Ruth Whitney and Lee Whitney. She is most famous for playing the role of Janice Rand on the Star Trek television series and films.-Early life:...
, American actress
- April 3
- Lawton Chiles
Lawton Mainor Chiles, Jr. was an American politician from the U.S. state of Florida. In a career spanning four decades, Chiles, a Democrat who never lost an election, served in the Florida House of Representatives , the Florida State Senate , the United States Senate , and as the 41st Governor of...
, U.S. Senator and the Governor of Florida (d. 1998)
- Helmut Kohl
Helmut Josef Michael Kohl is a German conservative politician and statesman. He was Chancellor of Germany from 1982 to 1998 and the chairman of the Christian Democratic Union from 1973 to 1998...
, Chancellor of Germany
- April 8 – Carlos Hugo of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma
- April 10 – Spede Pasanen
Pertti Olavi "Spede" Pasanen was a Finnish film director and producer, comedian, humorist, inventor, TV personality and practitioner of gags....
, Finnish television personality (d. 2001)
- April 11 – Anton LaVey
Anton Szandor LaVey, born Howard Stanton Levey, was the American founder and High Priest of the Church of Satan as well as a writer, occultist, and musician...
, American Satanist (d. 1997)
- April 12 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish Professor of Engineering (d. 2006)
- April 15 – Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
Vigdís Finnbogadóttir was the fourth President of Iceland, serving from 1980 to 1996. She was one of the world's first elected female heads of state . She was Iceland's first female president and head of state...
, President of IcelandThe President of Iceland is Iceland's elected head of state. The president is elected to a four-year term by universal adult suffrage and has limited powers. The president is not the head of government; the Prime Minister of Iceland is the head of government. There have been five presidents since...
- April 16 – Herbie Mann
Herbert Jay Solomon , better known as Herbie Mann, was a Jewish American jazz flutist and important early practitioner of world music...
, American jazz flutist (d. 2003)
- April 16 – Carol Bly
Carol Bly was a teacher and an award-winning American author of short stories, essays, and nonfiction works on writing...
, Teacher, award-winning American author of short stories, essays, and nonfiction (d. 2007)
- April 19 – Dick Sargent
Dick Sargent was an American actor, notable as the second actor to portray Darrin Stephens on the television series Bewitched...
, American actor and gay activist (d. 1994)
- April 21 – Silvana Mangano
Silvana Mangano was an Italian actress.Raised in poverty during World War II, Mangano trained as a dancer and worked as a model before winning a "Miss Rome" beauty pageant in 1946...
, Italian actress (d. 1989)
- April 24 – Richard Donner
Richard Donner is an American film director, film producer, and comic book writer. The production company The Donners' Company is owned by Donner and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner. After directing the horror film The Omen, Donner became famous for the hailed creation of the first modern...
, American film director and producer
- April 25 – Paul Mazursky
Paul Mazursky is an American film director, screenwriter and actor.-Personal life:He was born Irwin Mazursky in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jean , a piano player for dance classes, and David Mazursky, a laborer. His grandfather was a Jewish immigrant from Ukraine. He graduated from Brooklyn...
, American director and writer
- April 28 – Carolyn Jones
Carolyn Sue Jones was an American actress.Jones began her film career in the early 1950s, and by the end of the decade had achieved recognition with a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for The Bachelor Party and a Golden Globe Award as one of the most promising actresses...
, American actress (d. 1983)
- April 29 – Jean Rochefort
Jean Rochefort is a French actor, with a career that spanned over five decades.Rochefort was born in Paris, France. He was 19 years old when he entered the Centre d'Art Dramatique de la rue Blanche. Later he joined the Conservatoire National...
, French actor
May
- May 3 – Bob Havens
Bob Havens is an American big band and jazz musician who appeared on The Lawrence Welk Show from 1960 to 1982. His instrument is the trombone....
, American musician
- May 4 – Roberta Peters
Roberta Peters is an American coloratura soprano.One of the most prominent American singers to achieve lasting fame and success in opera, Peters is noted for her 35-year association with the Metropolitan Opera Company in New York...
, American soprano
- May 4 – Katherine Jackson
Katherine Esther Scruse-Jackson is the matriarch of the Jackson musical family.-Childhood:Born as Kattie B. Screws in Barbour County, Alabama, she was the daughter of Martha and Prince Albert Screws...
, Mother of the Jackson Family
- May 8 – Heather Harper
Heather Harper CBE is a Northern Ireland-born British operatic soprano.She was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland in 1930, where she received her early musical training...
, Irish soprano
- May 9 – Joan Sims
Joan Sims was an English actress best remembered for her roles in the Carry On films, and latterly for playing Madge Hardcastle in As Time Goes By.-Early life:...
, English actress (d. 2001)
- May 10 – Pat Summerall
George Allen "Pat" Summerall is a former American football player and television sportscaster, having worked at CBS, Fox, and ESPN....
, American football player and broadcaster
- May 11 – Bud Ekins
Bud Ekins was one of the foremost stuntmen of his generation. Born James Sherwin Ekins in Hollywood, California, he is known to most as the actor who jumped the fence on a disguised Triumph TR6 Trophy 650cc motorcycle in The Great Escape, and who drove the Ford Mustang 390 GT in Bullitt...
, American stuntman (d. 2007)
- May 15 – Jasper Johns
Jasper Johns, Jr. is an American contemporary artist who works primarily in painting and printmaking.-Life:Born in Augusta, Georgia, Jasper Johns spent his early life in Allendale, South Carolina with his paternal grandparents after his parents marriage failed...
, American painter
- May 19 – Lorraine Hansberry
Lorraine Hansberry was an African American playwright and author of political speeches, letters, and essays...
, American playwright (d. 1965)
- May 21 – Malcolm Fraser
John Malcolm Fraser, AC, CH, GCL is an Australian Liberal Party politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia. He came to power in the 1975 election following the dismissal of the Whitlam Labor government, in which he played a key role...
, 22nd Prime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of prime minister is, in practice, the most powerful political office in Australia...
- May 22
- John Barth
John Simmons Barth is an American novelist and short-story writer, known for the postmodernist and metafictive quality of his work....
, American writer
- Harvey Milk
Harvey Bernard Milk was an American politician who became the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California, when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors...
, American politician and civil rights activist (d. 1978)
- May 31 – Clint Eastwood
Clinton "Clint" Eastwood is an American film actor, director, producer and composer. He has received five Academy Awards, five Golden Globe Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award, two Cannes Film Festival awards, and five People's Choice Awards — including one for Favorite All-Time...
, American actor, director, and producer
June
- June 1 – Edward Woodward
Edward Albert Arthur Woodward OBE was an English stage and screen actor and singer. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art , Woodward began his career on stage, and through his career he appeared in productions in both the West End in London and on Broadway in New York...
, British actor (d. 2009)
- June 2 – Charles Conrad
Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr. , was an American naval officer, astronaut and engineer, and the third person to walk on the Moon. He also described himself as the first man to dance on the Moon...
, American astronaut and moonwalker, commander of Apollo 12 (d. 1999)
- June 8 – Robert Aumann
Robert John Aumann is an Israeli-American mathematician and a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences. He is a professor at the Center for the Study of Rationality in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel...
, German-born mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics
- June 9 – Monique Serf
Monique Andrée Serf , known as Barbara, was a popular French female singer. She took her stage name from her Russian grandmother, Varvara Brodsky, changing just the 'V's to 'B's.- Childhood :...
, French musician (d. 1997)
- June 11 – Charles B. Rangel
Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel is an American politician. He has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1971, representing the Fifteenth Congressional District of New York, and is the most senior member of that state's congressional delegation. He is a...
, African-American politician
- June 12 – Jim Nabors
James Thurston "Jim" Nabors is an American actor and singer. Born and raised in Sylacauga, Alabama, Nabors moved to Southern California due to his asthma. While working at a Santa Monica nightclub, The Horn, he was discovered by Andy Griffith and consequently joined The Andy Griffith Show, playing...
, American actor, musician, and comedian
- June 17 – Brian Statham
John Brian "George" Statham, CBE was one of the leading English fast bowlers in 20th-century English cricket. Initially a bowler of a brisk fast-medium pace, Statham was able to remodel his action to generate enough speed to become genuinely fast...
, English cricketer (d. 2000)
- June 19 – Gena Rowlands
Gena Rowlands is an American actress of film, stage and television. The 3 time Emmy and 2 time Golden Globe winner is best known for her collaborations with her actor-director husband John Cassavetes in ten films, in two of which, Gloria and A Woman Under the Influence, she gave Academy...
, American actress
- June 22 – Yuri Artyukhin
Yury Petrovich Artyukhin was a Soviet Russian cosmonaut and engineer who made a single flight into space....
, Russian cosmonaut (d. 1998)
- June 24 – William B. Ziff, Jr.
William Bernard Ziff, Jr. was an American publishing executive. His father, William B. Ziff, Sr., was the co-founder of Ziff Davis Inc. and when the elder Ziff died in 1953, Ziff took over the management of the company. After buying out partner Bernard G...
, American publishing executive (d. 2006)
- June 27 – Ross Perot
Henry Ross Perot is an American businessman from Texas best known for running for President of the United States in 1992 and 1996. Perot founded Electronic Data Systems in 1962, sold the company to General Motors in 1984, and founded Perot Systems in 1988. Perot Systems was bought by Dell for...
, American billionaire and politician
- June 28 – Itamar Franco
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco, usually known as Itamar Franco is a Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from December 29, 1992 to January 1, 1995.-Early life and orgin:...
, President of BrazilThe President of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against the Emperor Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two...
July
- July 2 – Carlos Menem
Carlos Saúl Menem is an Argentine politician who was President of Argentina from 1989 to 1999.-Early life:Carlos Robert Saúl Menem Akil was born in 1930 in Anillaco, a small town in the mountainous north of La Rioja Province, Argentina...
, President of ArgentinaThe President of Argentina is the head of state of Argentina...
- July 3 – Carlos Kleiber
Carlos Kleiber was an Austrian classical conductor who spent most of his professional career in Germany.- Early career :...
, Austrian conductor (d. 2004)
- July 4
- Frunzik Mkrtchyan
Mher Mushegovich Mkrtchyan was a popular Soviet Armenian actor who was named a People's Artist of the Soviet Union in 1984....
, Armenian actor
- George Steinbrenner
George Michael Steinbrenner III is a businessman and owner and former principal executive of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees...
, American big businessman and then baseball team owner
- July 9 – Buddy Bregman
Buddy Bregman is an American musical arranger, record producer and composer.He has worked with many of the greatest musical artists of 20th Century popular music including; Ella Fitzgerald, Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Matt Monro, and Frank Sinatra.Born in Chicago, he studied...
, American musical arranger
- July 11 – Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom is an American writer and literary critic, currently Sterling Professor of the Humanities at Yale University...
, American literary critic
- July 15 – Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher born in Algeria, who is known as the founder of deconstruction...
, Algerian-born French literary critic (d. 2004)
- July 22 – Jeremy Lloyd
Jeremy Lloyd is an English writer, screenwriter, author and actor, best known as co-author and writer of several successful British sitcoms....
, British actor and screenwriter
- July 25
- Maureen Forrester
Maureen Kathleen Stewart Forrester, CC, OQ was a Canadian operatic contralto.-Life and career:Born in Montreal, Quebec as one of four children to Thomas Forrester, a Scottish cabinetmaker and his Irish-born wife, the former May Arnold, Maureen Forrester grew up in a poor section of east Montreal....
, Canadian contralto
- Murray Chapple
Murray Ernest Chapple was a New Zealand cricketer who played 14 Tests as a specialist batsman, spread over 13 years. However, he was largely unsuccessful, with only three fifties and his highest career score being 76...
, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1985)
- July 28 – Jean Roba
Jean Roba was a Belgian comics author from the Marcinelle school. His best-known work is Boule et Bill.-Biography:...
, Belgian comics author (d. 2006)
August
- August 1 – Pierre Bourdieu
Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher.Bourdieu pioneered investigative frameworks and terminologies such as cultural, social, and symbolic capital, and the concepts of habitus, field or location, and symbolic violence to reveal the dynamics of power relations in...
, French sociologist
- August 5 – Neil Armstrong
Neil Alden Armstrong is an American aviator and a former astronaut, test pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor, and United States Naval Aviator. He was the first person to set foot on the Moon. His first spaceflight was aboard Gemini 8 in 1966, for which he was the command pilot,...
, American astronaut, first human to set foot on the MoonThe Apollo 11 space flight landed the first humans on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969. The mission, carried out by the United States, is considered a major accomplishment in human exploration and represented a victory by the U.S...
, Commander of Apollo 11
- August 6 – Abbey Lincoln
Abbey Lincoln is a jazz vocalist, songwriter, and actress. Lincoln is unusual in that she writes and performs her own compositions, expanding the expectations of jazz audiences....
, American singer
- August 12 – George Soros
George Soros is a Hungarian-American currency speculator, stock investor, businessman, philanthropist, and political activist...
, Hungarian-born investor
- August 13 – Don Ho
Don Ho, born Donald Tai Loy Ho , was a Hawaiian and traditional pop musician, singer and entertainer.-Life and career:...
, Hawaiian singer & musician (d. 2007)
- August 16 – Robert Culp
Robert Martin Culp was an American actor, scriptwriter, voice actor and director, widely known for his work in television...
, American actor (d. 2010)
- August 17 – Ted Hughes
Edward James Hughes OM was an English poet and children's writer, known as Ted Hughes. Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation. Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death....
, English poet (d. 1998)
- August 19 – Frank McCourt
Francis "Frank" McCourt was an Irish-American teacher and Pulitzer Prize-winning author, best known as the author of Angela’s Ashes.His brothers Malachy McCourt and Alphie McCourt are also autobiographical writers...
, Irish-American writer (d. 2009)
- August 21 – Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II and the daughter of King George VI and his wife Queen Elizabeth....
(d. 2002)
- August 23 – Mickey McMahan
Mickey McMahan was an American born big band musician who played with the Lawrence Welk orchestra from 1966 to 1982. His instrument was the trumpet....
, American big band musician (d. 2008)
- August 25 – Sean Connery
Sir Thomas Sean Connery , more commonly known as Sean Connery, is a retired Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, 2 BAFTA Awards and 3 Golden Globes....
, Scottish actor
- August 27 – Gholamreza Takhti
Gholamreza Takhti is the most famous wrestler in Iranian history. He was most famous for his chivalrous behavior and sportsmanship, and he continues to symbolize the essence of sport to the Iranian people.- Early life :Takhti was born in Tehran, Iran on August 27, 1930 to a poor family, leaving...
, Iranian wrestler (d. 1968)
- August 30 – Warren Buffett
Warren Edward Buffett is an American investor, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is one of the most successful investors in the world. Often called the "legendary investor Warren Buffett", he is the primary shareholder, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway...
, American entrepreneurAn entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a new enterprise, venture or idea and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome.
and billionaire
September
- September 3 – Cherry Wilder
Cherry Wilder was the pseudonym of science fiction and fantasy writer Cherry Barbara Grimm, née Lockett....
, New Zealand author (d. 2002)
- September 9 – Frank Lucas
Frank Lucas is an American former heroin dealer and organized crime boss who operated in Harlem during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was particularly known for cutting out middlemen in the drug trade and buying heroin directly from his source in the Golden Triangle...
, African-American drug lord
- September 7
- King Baudouin I of Belgium (d. 1993)
- Sonny Rollins
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins is a Grammy-winning American jazz tenor saxophonist. Widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians of the post-bebop era, Rollins' long, prolific career began at the age of 11, and he was playing with piano legend Thelonious Monk...
, American jazz saxophonist
- September 11
- Cathryn Damon
Cathryn Lee Damon was an American actress, best known for her roles on television sitcoms in the 1970s and 1980s....
, American actress (d. 1987)
- Renzo Montagnani
Renzo Montagnani was an Italian film and theatre actor and dubber.Montagnani was born in Alessandria, Piedmont, and debuted as theatre actor thanks to the help of Erminio Macario...
, Italian actor (d. 1997)
- September 13
- Mary Baumgartner
Mary Baumgartner [Wimp] is a former female catcher who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League...
, American female professional baseball player
- Bola Ige
James Ajibola Idowu Ige simply known as Bola Ige was a Nigerian lawyer and politician. He became Federal Minister of Justice for Nigeria...
, Nigerian politician (d. 2001)
- September 16 – Anne Francis
Anne Lloyd Francis is an American actress, famous for her role in the science fiction film classic Forbidden Planet , and as the female private detective in the television series Honey West . She won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy award for her role in Honey West...
, American actress
- September 21 – Dawn Addams
Dawn Addams was a British actress in motion pictures of the 1950s.She was born Victoria Dawn Addams in Felixstowe, Suffolk, England, the daughter of Ethel Mary and Captain James Ramage Addams. Her mother died when she was young, and she spent her early life in Calcutta, India...
, British actress (d. 1985)
- September 23
- Ray Charles
Ray Charles was an American musician. Charles was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings for Atlantic Records...
, American singer and musician (d. 2004)
- Colin Blakely
Colin George Blakely was a Northern Irish character actor. He was considered an actor of great range.-Early life:...
, English actor (d. 1987)
- September 24 – Angelo Muscat
Angelo Muscat was a character actor.Muscat was born in Malta. He appeared in 14 of the 17 episodes of the sixties cult television series The Prisoner, in which he played the famously mute Butler. Distinctly diminutive at only 4 ft 3 in , he played an Oompa-Loompa in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate...
, Maltese actor (d. 1977)
- September 25 – Shel Silverstein
Sheldon Allan "Shel" Silverstein was an American poet, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, cartoonist, screenwriter and author of children's books. He styled himself as Uncle Shelby on his children's books, and some sources incorrectly state that he was born Shelby Silverstein...
, American author, poet, and humorist (d. 1999)
- September 26
- Philip Bosco
-Personal life:Bosco was born in Jersey City, New Jersey, the son of Margaret Raymond , a policewoman, and Philip Lupo Bosco, a carnival worker. Bosco went to high school at St. Peter's Preparatory School in Jersey City. He attended the Catholic University of Washington, D.C. Bosco married Nancy...
, American actor
- Fritz Wunderlich
Friedrich "Fritz" Karl Otto Wunderlich was a German lyric tenor, born in Kusel in the Rhineland. His mother was a violinist and his father was a choir-master. For a short time, the family kept the inn "Emrichs Bräustübl"...
, German tenor (d. 1966)
October
- October 1
- Richard Harris, Irish actor (d. 2002)
- Philippe Noiret
Philippe Noiret was a French film actor.-Biography:Noiret's father was in the clothes trade. Philippe was an indifferent scholar and attended several prestigious Paris schools. He failed several times to pass his baccalauréat exams, so he decided to study theater...
, French actor (d. 2006)
- October 5
- Anne Haddy
Anne Haddy was an Australian film and television actress, best known for her role in the long-running soap opera, Neighbours.-Biography:...
, Australian actress (d. 1999)
- Pavel Popovich
Pavel Romanovich Popovich was a Soviet cosmonaut of Ukrainian descent, and the first ethnic Ukrainian to fly in space....
, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2009)
- Reinhard Selten
Reinhard Selten is a German economist.Selten was born in Breslau in Lower Silesia, now in Poland, to a Jewish father and Protestant mother. For his work in game theory, Selten won the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences...
, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- October 6 – Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad was the president of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule stabilized and consolidated the power of the country's central government after decades of coups and counter-coups...
, President of Syria (d. 2000)
- October 8 – Tōru Takemitsu
was a Japanese composer and writer on aesthetics and music theory. Largely self-taught, Takemitsu possessed consummate skill in the subtle manipulation of instrumental and orchestral timbre...
, Japanese composer (d. 1996)
- October 10
- Yves Chauvin
Yves Chauvin is a French chemist and Nobel Prize laureate. He is honorary research director at the Institut français du pétrole and a member of the French Academy of Science. Chauvin received his degree from the Lyon's School of Chemistry, Physics and Electronics in 1954.He was awarded the 2005...
, French chemist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
laureate
- Harold Pinter
Harold Pinter, CH, CBE , was an English playwright, screenwriter, actor, theatre director, political activist and poet. He was among the most influential British playwrights of modern times. In 2005, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature...
, English playwright, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
laureate (d. 2008)
- October 11 – Sam Johnson
Samuel Robert "Sam" Johnson is an American politician and a retired career U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot. He currently is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the 3rd District of Texas...
, American politician
- October 14 – Schafik Handal
Schafik Jorge Handal was a Salvadoran politician. Born in Usulután, he was the son of Palestinian Arab immigrants.-Biography:...
, Salvadoran politician (d. 2006)
- October 17
- Robert Atkins
Robert Coleman Atkins, MD was an American physician and cardiologist, best known for the Atkins Nutritional Approach , a popular but controversial way of dieting that entails close control of carbohydrate consumption, emphasizing protein and fat intake, including saturated fat in addition to...
, American nutritionist (d. 2003)
- Jimmy Breslin
Jimmy Breslin is an American journalist and author. He has written numerous novels, and columns of his have appeared regularly in various newspapers in his hometown of New York City...
, American newspaper columnist and author
- October 24 – The Big Bopper
Jiles Perry "JP" Richardson, Jr. commonly known as The Big Bopper, was an American disc jockey, singer, and songwriter whose big voice and exuberant personality made him an early rock and roll star. He is best known for his recording of "Chantilly Lace"...
, American singer. (d. 1959)
- October 28 – Bernie Ecclestone
Bernard Charles "Bernie" Ecclestone is a British sports entrepreneur, as president and CEO of Formula One Management and Formula One Administration and through his part-ownership of Alpha Prema, the parent company of the Formula One Group of companies. As such, he is generally considered the...
, English auto racing tycoon
- October 29
- Puck Brouwer
Bertha van Duyne-Brouwer was a Dutch athlete who competed mainly in the 200 metres....
, Dutch athlete (d. 2006)
- Natalie Sleeth
Natalie Allyn Sleeth was an American composer.Sleeth was born in Evanston, Illinois. In 1934, she began to study the piano at the early age of four. Later in her life, she received an Academic major in music and a BA in music theory at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. She married a Professor...
, American composer (d. 1992)
- October 30
- Clifford Brown
Clifford Brown , aka "Brownie," was an influential and highly rated American jazz trumpeter. He died aged 25, leaving behind only four years' worth of recordings...
, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1956)
- Timothy Findley
Timothy Irving Frederick Findley, OC, O.Ont was a Canadian novelist and playwright. He was also informally known by the nickname Tiff or Tiffy, an acronym of his initials.-Biography:...
, Canadian author (d. 2002)
- October 31 – Michael Collins
Michael Collins is a former American astronaut and test pilot. Selected as part of the third group of fourteen astronauts in 1963, he flew in space twice. His first spaceflight was Gemini 10, in which he and command pilot John Young performed two rendezvous with different spacecraft and Collins...
, astronaut, second person to fly around the Moon solo, Command ModuleThe Command/Service Module was one of two spacecraft that were utilized for the United States Apollo program, along with the Lunar Module, to land astronauts on the Moon...
pilot on Apollo 11The Apollo 11 space flight landed the first humans on Earth's Moon on July 20, 1969. The mission, carried out by the United States, is considered a major accomplishment in human exploration and represented a victory by the U.S...
, the first human lunar landing
November
- November 3 – D. James Kennedy, American evangelist (d. 2007)
- November 4 – Doris Roberts
Doris May Roberts is an Emmy award-winning American character actress of film, stage and TV. With a seven-decade career, she is most widely known recently for playing Marie Barone on Everybody Loves Raymond.-Early life:...
, American actress
- November 6 – Wilma Briggs
Wilma Briggs [Briggsie] is a former female left fielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5' 4", 138 lb., she batted left-handed and threw right-handed....
, American female baseball player
- November 14
- Shirley Crabtree
Shirley Crabtree, Jr, better known as Big Daddy was an English professional wrestler famous for his record-breaking 64 inch chest...
("Big Daddy"), British professional wrestler (d. 1997)
- Edward White
Edward Higgins White, II was an engineer, United States Air Force officer and a NASA astronaut. On June 3, 1965, he became the first American to conduct a spacewalk. White was killed along with fellow astronauts Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee during pre-launch test for the first Apollo mission at...
, American astronaut (d. 1967)
- November 15 – J.G. Ballard, English writer (d. 2009)
- November 16 – Chinua Achebe
Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe , which is the most widely read book in modern African literature.Raised by Christian...
, Nigerian writer
- November 16 – Salvatore Riina
Salvatore Riina, also known as Totò Riina is a member of the Sicilian Mafia who became the most powerful member of the criminal organization in the early 1980s. Fellow mobsters nicknamed him The Beast due to his violent nature, or sometimes The Short One due to his diminutive height...
, Italian multiple murderer
- November 24 – Bob Friend
Robert Bartmess Friend is a former right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who pitched primarily for the Pittsburgh Pirates , joining the New York Yankees and New York Mets in his final season of...
, American baseball player
- November 25 – Clarke Scholes
Clarke Currie Scholes was an American swimmer who won an Olympic gold medal in the 100 meter freestyle at the 1952 Games of Helsinki; he also won gold at the 1955 Pan American Games....
, American freestyle swimmer
- November 27 – Rex Shelley
Rex Anthony Shelley was a Eurasian Singaporean author. A graduate of the University of Malaya in Singapore and Cambridge trained in engineering and economics, Shelley managed his own business and also worked as member of the Public Service Commission for over 30 years...
, Singaporean author (d. 2009)
December
- December 1 – Joachim Hoffmann
Joachim Hoffmann was a German historian and scientific director of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office.-Life:...
, German historian (d. 2002)
- December 2 – Gary Becker
Gary Stanley Becker is an American economist and a Nobel laureate. Born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, Becker earned a B.A. at Princeton University in 1951 and a Ph.D. at the University of Chicago in 1955...
, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 4 – Jim Hall
James Stanley Hall is an American Jazz guitarist.-Biography:Educated at the Cleveland Institute of Music, Hall moved to Los Angeles where he began to attract national, and then international, attention in the late 1950s. There he studied classic guitar with Vincente Gómez...
, American jazz guitarist
- December 6 – Daniel Lisulo
Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo was the Prime Minister of Zambia from June 1978 until February 1981. Born in Mongu, Zambia, Lisulo married Mary Mambo in 1967; she died in 1976, leaving Lisulo with two daughters. Lisulo served as the director of the Bank of Zambia from 1964 to 1977 before becoming Prime...
, Prime Minister of Zambia-List of Prime Ministers of Zambia:-See also:*List of Presidents of Zambia*Lists of incumbents...
(d. 2000)
- December 8 – Stan Richards
For the Wales international footballer see Stan Richards Stanley "Stan" Richards was an English television actor, best known for his portrayal of the lovable rogue and ex-poacher turned gamekeeper, Seth Armstrong, in popular ITV soap serial Emmerdale .- Career :He played the role of Seth...
, English actor (d. 2005)
- December 11
- Jean-Louis Trintignant
Jean-Louis Trintignant is a French actor who has enjoyed an international acclaim. He won the Best Actor award at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival.-Career:...
, French actor
- Jim Williams, American antique dealer and preservationist
- December 15 – Edna O'Brien
Edna O'Brien is an Irish novelist and short story writer whose works often revolve around the inner feelings of women, and their problems in relating to men and to society as a whole.-Life and career:...
, Irish writer
- December 21
- Adebayo Adedeji
Adebayo Adedeji is a Nigerian politician. He was Executive Secretary to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa from 1975 to 1978, and UN Under-Secretary-General from 1978 until 1991.He was born in Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria....
, Nigerian UN official
- Kalevi Sorsa
Taisto Kalevi Sorsa was a Finnish politician who was Prime Minister of Finland four times: 1972-1975, 1977-1979, 1982-1983 and 1983-1987 and at the date of his death still held the Finnish record of most days of incumbency as prime minister...
, prime minister of Finland (d. 2004)
- December 27 – Wilfrid Sheed
Wilfrid John Joseph Sheed is an English-born American novelist and essayist.He was born in London to Francis "Frank" Sheed and Mary "Maisie" Ward, prominent Catholic publishers in the UK and the USA in the mid-20th century...
, English-born American writer
- December 31
- Odetta
Odetta Holmes, known as Odetta, was an American singer, actress, guitarist, songwriter, and a human rights activist, often referred to as "The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement". Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals...
, American singer (d. 2008)
- Jaime Escalante
Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutierrez was a Bolivian-born American educator well-known for teaching students calculus from 1974 to 1991 at Garfield High School, East Los Angeles, California...
, American teacher (d. 2010)
January–June
- January 9 – Edward Bok, American author (b. 1863
- February 14 – Sir Thomas MacKenzie
Sir Thomas Noble Mackenzie GCMG was a Scottish-born New Zealand politician and explorer who briefly served as the 18th Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1912, and later served as New Zealand High Commissioner in London....
, New Zealand Prime Minister and High Commissioner (b. 1854)
- February 15 – Giulio Douhet
General Giulio Douhet was an Italian air power theorist. He was a key proponent of strategic bombing in aerial warfare.- History :...
, Italian air power theorist (b. 1869)
- February 21 – Ahmad Shah Qajar
Ahmad Shah Qajar was Shah of Persia from July 16, 1909, to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty.- Reign :...
, Shah of PersiaThe Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ....
(b. 1898)
- February 23 – Mabel Normand
Mabel Normand was an American silent film comedienne and actress. She was a popular star of Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios and is noted as one of the film industry's first female screenwriters, producers and directors...
, American actress (b. 1895)
- February 23 – Horst Wessel
Horst Ludwig Wessel was a German Nazi activist who was made a posthumous hero of the Nazi movement following his violent death in 1930...
, Nazi ideologue and composer (b. 1907)
- February 28 – Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence
Sir Perceval Maitland Laurence was an English classical scholar, judge in South Africa and a benefactor of the University of Cambridge.-Early life and education:...
, English classical scholar, South African judge and a benefactor of the University of Cambridge (b. 1854)
- March 2 – D. H. Lawrence
David Herbert Richards Lawrence was an English author, poet, playwright, essayist and literary critic. His collected works represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation...
, English writer (Lady Chatterley's Lover) (b. 1885)
- March 6 – Alfred von Tirpitz
Alfred von Tirpitz was a German Admiral, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, the powerful administrative branch of the Kaiserliche Marine from 1897 until 1916...
, German politician and admiral (b. 1848)
- March 8 – William Howard Taft
William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the 10th Chief Justice of the United States. He is the only person to have served in both offices....
, 27th President of the United StatesThe President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States armed forces.Article II of the U.S...
, 10th Chief Justice of the United StatesThe Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the United States federal court system and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight are the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States...
(b. 1857)
- March 12 – William George Barker
William George Barker VC, DSO & Bar, MC & Two Bars was a Canadian First World War fighter ace and Victoria Cross recipient.-Early life:...
, Canadian pilot
- March 19 – Arthur James Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom and the Head of Her Majesty's Government...
(b. 1848)
- March 24 – Eugeen Van Mieghem
Eugeen Van Mieghem was a Belgian artist born in the port of Antwerp. As a boy Van Mieghem was confronted with the harsh reality of life at the waterfront.Even at primary school he showed a talent for drawing...
, Belgian painter (b. 1875)
- April 2 – Empress Zawditu of Ethiopia (b. 1876)
- April 21 – Robert Bridges
Robert Seymour Bridges, OM, was an English poet, and poet laureate from 1913 to 1930.-Personal and professional life:Bridges was born in Walmer, Kent, and educated at Eton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford...
, English poet (b. 1844)
- April 14 – Vladimir Mayakovsky
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky was a Russian and Soviet poet and playwright, among the foremost representatives of early-20th century Russian Futurism.- Early life :...
, Russian poet (b. 1893)
- April 22 – Jeppe Aakjær
Jeppe Aakjær was a Danish poet and novelist, described in Chambers Biographical Dictionary as "a leader of the 'Jutland Movement' in Danish literature". A regionalist, much of his writings were about his native Jutland...
, Danish poet and novelist (b. 1866)
- May 13 – Fridtjof Nansen
For the Norwegian Navy class of frigates, see Fridtjof Nansen class frigate.Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen was a Norwegian explorer, scientist and diplomat...
, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace PrizeThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:...
(b. 1861)
- May 17 – Herbert Croly
Herbert David Croly was a progressive-liberal writer and leader of the new liberalism movement in early twentieth-century America. He is best known for co-founding the magazine The New Republic and for his book The Promise of American Life...
, American political author (b. 1869)
- May 25 – Randall Thomas Davidson
Randall Thomas Davidson, 1st Baron Davidson of Lambeth, KCVO was an Anglican clergyman of Scottish origin who served as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1903 to 1928.-Life:...
, Archbishop of CanterburyThe Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion, and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. In his role as head of the Anglican Communion, the archbishop leads the third largest group of...
(b. 1848)
- June 5 – Pascin
Julius Mordecai Pincas, known as Pascin, Jules Pascin, or the "Prince of Montparnasse", was a Bulgarian painter.- Early life :...
, Bulgarian painter (b. 1885)
- June 13 – Henry Segrave
Sir Henry O'Neil de Hane Segrave was famous for setting three land speed records and the water speed record. He was the first person to hold both the land and water speed records simultaneously. He was the first person to travel at over 200 mph in a land vehicle...
, British racer and speed record holder (b. 1896)
July–December
- July 7 – Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle,
DL was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger...
, British author (Sherlock Holmes) (b. 1859)
- July 8 – Sir Joseph Ward
Sir Joseph George Ward, 1st Baronet, GCMG was the 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand on two occasions in the early 20th century.-Early life:...
, 17th Prime Minister of New ZealandThe Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
(b. 1856)
- June 15 – Leopold Auer
Leopold Auer , was a Hungarian violinist, teacher, conductor and composer.- Prodigy :...
, Hungarian violinist (b. 1845)
- July 23 – Glenn Curtiss
Glenn Hammond Curtiss was an American aviation pioneer and founder of the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, now part of Curtiss-Wright Corporation.-Birth and early career:...
, American aviation pioneer (b. 1878)
- July 28 – Allvar Gullstrand
Allvar Gullstrand was a Swedish ophthalmologist.Born at Landskrona, Sweden, Gullstrand was professor successively of eye therapy and of optics at the University of Uppsala. He applied the methods of physical mathematics to the study of optical images and of the refraction of light in the eye...
, Swedish ophthalmologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will, the others being...
(b. 1862)
- July 30 – Joan Gamper
Joan Gamper previously known as Hans Kamper was a Swiss football pioneer, player and club president. He founded football clubs in Switzerland and Catalonia , most notably FC Barcelona.- Early years :...
, Swiss-born businessman and founder of FC BarcelonaFutbol Club Barcelona , also known simply as Barcelona and familiarly as Barça , is a football club based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The team was founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Spanish men led by Joan Gamper. The club has become a Catalan institution, hence the motto "Més que...
(b. 1877)
- August 15 – Florian Cajori
Florian Cajori was one of the most celebrated historians of mathematics in his day.- Biography :...
, Swiss-born historian of mathematics (b. 1859)
- August 24 – Tom Norman
Thomas Knoakes, later known as Tom Norman, was an English businessman and freak showman. He started his working life as a butcher in Sussex and at 17 moved to London. After viewing an exhibition of an "Electric Lady" next door to his place of work, he went into business with the lady's manager and...
, English freak.A freak show is an exhibition of rarities, "freaks of nature" — such as unusually tall or short humans, and people with both male and female secondary sexual characteristics or other extraordinary diseases and conditions — and performances that are expected to be shocking to the viewers...
showmanShowman can have a variety of meanings, usually by context and depending on the country.- Australia :Travelling showmen are people who run amusement and side show equipment at regional shows, capitol shows, events and festivals throughout Australia...
(b. 1860)
- August 26 – Lon Chaney, Sr.
Lon Chaney , nicknamed "The Man of a Thousand Faces," was an American actor during the age of silent films. He was one of the most versatile and powerful actors of early cinema. He is best remembered for his characterizations of tortured, often grotesque and afflicted characters, and his...
, American actor (b. 1883)
- August 29 – William Archibald Spooner
William Archibald Spooner was a famous Oxford don after whom is named a linguistic phenomenon, spoonerism.-Biography:...
, British scholar and Anglican priest (b. 1844)
- September 1 – Peeter Põld
Peeter Siegfried Nikolaus Põld was an Estonian pedagogic scientist, school director and politician . He was the first Estonian Minister of Education....
, Estonian pedagogical scientist and politician (b. 1878)
- September 15 – Milton Sills
Milton Sills was a highly successful American stage and film actor of the early twentieth century....
, American actor (b. 1882)
- September 21 – John T. Dorrance, American chemist (b. 1873)
- September 24 – William A. MacCorkle
William Alexander MacCorkle , was a United States teacher, lawyer, prosecutor, the ninth Governor of West Virginia and state legislator of West Virginia, and financier.-Biography:...
, Governor of West Virginia (b. 1857)
- October 2 – Gordon Stewart Northcott, serial killer, was hung.
- October 15 – Herbert Dow, Canadian-born chemical industrialist
- October 26 – Harry Payne Whitney
Harry Payne Whitney was an American businessman, thoroughbred horsebreeder, and member of the prominent Whitney family.- Early years :...
, American businessman and horse breeder (b. 1872)
- November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman
Christiaan Eijkman was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that Beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins...
, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will, the others being...
(b. 1858)
- November 30 – Mary Harris Jones, American labor leader (b. 1837)
- December 9
- Andrew "Rube" Foster, American Negro League baseball player
- Laura Muntz Lyall
Laura Muntz Lyall, June 18, 1860 – December 9, 1930, was a Canadian impressionist painter. Born Laura Adeline Muntz in Laura Muntz Lyall, June 18, 1860 – December 9, 1930, was a Canadian impressionist painter. Born Laura Adeline Muntz in Laura Muntz Lyall, June 18, 1860 –...
, Canadian painter (b. 1860)
- December 12 – Nikolai Pokrovsky
Nikolai Nikolayevich Pokrovsky was a Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire....
, Russian politician and the last foreign minister of the Russian Empire (b. 1865)
- December 13 – Fritz Pregl
Friderik “Fritz” Pregl was an Austrian chemist and physician from a mixed Slovene-German-speaking background...
, Austrian chemist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
laureate (b. 1869)
- December 14 – F. Richard Jones
Frank Richard Jones was an American director and producer.Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Dick Jones was sixteen years old when he became involved in the fledgling film industry in his hometown with the Atlas film company...
, American director (b. 1893)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
– Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
- Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
– Hans FischerHans Fischer was a German organic chemist and the recipient of the 1930 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.-Early years:...
- Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field. It is one of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, in his will, the others being...
– Karl LandsteinerKarl Landsteiner , was an Austrian biologist and physician. He is noted for his development in 1901 of the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the blood, and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. With...
- Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
– Sinclair LewisHarry Sinclair Lewis was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters." His works...
External links