1900 (
MCMRoman numerals are a numeral system of ancient Rome based on letters of the alphabet, which are combined to signify the sum of their values. The first ten Roman numerals are:...
) was an exceptional
common year starting on MondayThis is the calendar for any common year starting on Monday . Examples: Gregorian year 1990, 2001 & 2007 or Julian year 1918 ....
(link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendarThe Gregorian calendar is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was first proposed by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius, and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, on 24 February 1582 by the papal bull Inter gravissimas...
, but a
leap year starting on SaturdayThis is the calendar for any leap year starting on Saturday , such as 2000.Previous year | Next year- Years in Gregorian calendar :...
of the
Julian calendarThe Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC, and came into force in 45 BC . It was chosen after consultation with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria and was probably designed to approximate the tropical year, known at least since Hipparchus...
. As a result, the Julian calendar was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar until Wednesday, February 28 (O.S. February 16) and has been 13 days behind since Thursday, March 1 (O.S. February 17). It was the last year of the
19th centuryThe 19th century was a period in history marked by the collapse of the Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Ottoman, Holy Roman and Mughal empires...
.
January
See also January 1900January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in January, 1900.-January 1, 1900 :...
- January 1
- Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states, and is the only state made up entirely of islands. It is located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The state was admitted to the Union on August...
asks for a delegate at the U.S. Republican National ConventionThe Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. Convened by the Republican National Committee, the stated purpose of the convocation is to nominate an official candidate in an upcoming U.S...
.
- January 2
- The first electric bus
An electric bus is a bus powered by electricity.There are two main electric bus categories:* The trolleybus is a type of electric bus powered by two overhead electric wires, with electricity being drawn from one wire and returned via the other wire, using two roof-mounted trolley poles.* The...
becomes operational in New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
.
- John Hay
John Milton Hay was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln.-Early life:...
announces the Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs. As a theory, the Open Door Policy originates with British commercial practice, as was reflected in treaties concluded with Qing Dynasty China after the First Opium War...
to promote trade with ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
.
- January 3 – The United States Census estimates the country's population was 70 million.
- January 4 – Strikes in Belgium
The Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
and GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
lead to mining riots.
- January 5
- Irish
Ireland is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the north-west of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland, separated by the Irish Sea, is the island of Great Britain...
leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
rule.
- Dr. Henry A. Rowland
Henry Augustus Rowland was a U.S. physicist. Between 1899 and 1901 he served as the first president of the American Physical Society...
of Johns Hopkins UniversityThe Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Johns Hopkins also maintains full-time campuses elsewhere in Maryland, Washington, D.C., Italy, China, and Singapore...
discovers the cause of the EarthEarth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system, and the largest of the terrestrial planets in the Solar System in terms of diameter, mass and density...
's magnetismIn physics, the term magnetism is used to describe how materials respond on the microscopic level to an applied magnetic field; to categorize the magnetic phase of a material. For example, the most well known form of magnetism is ferromagnetism such that some ferromagnetic materials produce their...
.
- January 6 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: BoerBoer is the Dutch word for farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking pastoralists of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State,...
s attack Ladysmith, South Africa, killing over 1,000.
- January 8 – United States President
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in the United States by influence and recognition...
William McKinleyWilliam McKinley Jr. was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office....
places AlaskaAlaska is the largest state of the United States of America by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait...
under military rule.
- January 9
- The first through train runs from Cairo
Cairo is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab World. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life...
to KhartoumKhartoum is the capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as "al-Mogran"...
.
- January 14
- The opera Tosca
Tosca is an opera in three acts by Giacomo Puccini to an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa, based on Victorien Sardou's drama, La Tosca. The work premiered at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on January 14 1900. It is one of the world's most popular operas, a hit with audiences...
premieres in Rome.
- The United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate and the House are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution . Each U.S state is represented by two senators,...
accepts the AngloThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
-GermanGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
treaty of 1899, in which the United KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
renounces its claims to the Samoan islandsAmerican Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa . The main island is Tutuila, with the Manua Islands, Rose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory...
.
- January 17
- Brigham H. Roberts is refused a seat in the United States House of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, commonly referred to as the "House," is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, the upper house being the United States Senate. The composition and powers of the House and the Senate are established in Article One of the Constitution...
because of his polygamyThe term polygamy is used in related ways in social anthropology, sociobiology, sociology, as well as in popular speech. Polygamy can be defined as any "form of marriage in which a person [has] more than one spouse."In social anthropology, polygamy is the practice of marriage to more than one...
.
- Yaqui
The "Yoeme" or Yaqui are a Native American tribe who originally lived in the valley of the Río Yaqui in the northern Mexican state of Sonora and throughout the Sonoran Desert region into the southwestern U.S. state of Arizona. The Yaqui call themselves "Yoeme," the Yaqui word for person...
Indians in TexasTexas is the second-largest U.S. state in both area and population, and the largest state in the contiguous United States.The name had wide usage among native Americans, meaning "friends" or "allies"...
proclaim independence from MexicoThe United Mexican States , commonly known as Mexico , is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of...
.
- January 23 – 5,000 Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west...
n miners go on strike.
- January 24 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
– Battle of Spion KopThe Battle of Spion Kop was fought about 38 km west-south-west of Ladysmith on the hilltop of Spioenkop
along the Tugela River, Natal in South Africa...
: BoerBoer is the Dutch word for farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking pastoralists of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State,...
troops defeat the British.
- January 26 – The Labor League Conference opens in Sydney
Sydney is the largest city in Australia, and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney has a metropolitan area population of approximately 4.34 million and an area of approximately 12,000 square kilometres. Its inhabitants are called Sydneysiders, and Sydney is often called "the Harbour City"...
, AustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
, with plans to form a Federal Labor Party.
- January 27 – Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: Foreign diplomats in Peking, ChinaChina is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
- January 29 – The American League
The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League , is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, that eventually aspired to major league...
of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia is the largest city in Pennsylvania and the sixth-most-populous city in the United States.In 2008, the population of the city proper was estimated to be over 1.4 million, while the metropolitan area's population of 5.8 million made it the country's fifth-largest...
with 8 founding teams.
February
See also February 1900January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in February, 1900.-February 1, 1900 :...
- February 1 – Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Australia's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.2 million inhabitants , 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.The state's capital...
refuses to join the Federation unless given 5 years of fiscal freedom.
- February 3
- Kentucky Governor William Goebel
William J. Goebel was an American politician who served as Governor of Kentucky for a few days in 1900 after having been mortally wounded by an assassin the day before he was sworn in...
dies of wounds after beig shot by assassins on January 30. Goebel, who had prevailed in an a dispute over the winner of the 1899 election, had been sworn in on his deathbed.
Former
Secretary of StateThe United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet and the highest-ranking cabinet secretary both in line of succession and order of precedence. The current Secretary of...
Caleb PowersCaleb Powers was a United States Representative from Kentucky and the first Secretary of State of Kentucky convicted as an accessory to murder.-Early life:He was born near Williamsburg, Kentucky...
is later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebel.
-
- Strikers in Aachen
Aachen is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany...
, ViennaVienna is the capital of the Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by...
and BrusselsBrussels , officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region , is the de facto capital city of the European Union and the largest urban area in Belgium...
demand an 8-hour working day and higher wages.
- February 5
- Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
and the United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
sign a treaty for the building of a Central American shipping canalThe Inter-Oceanic Nicaragua Canal is a proposed waterway that would connect the Caribbean Sea, and therefore the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pacific Ocean through Nicaragua, in Central America...
through NicaraguaNicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km
2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of...
.
- Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: The British House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords . Both Commons and Lords meet in the Palace of Westminster. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members, who are known as "Members...
' vote of censure over the British government's handling of the war is defeated.
- February 6 – The international arbitration court at The Hague
The Hague is the third largest city in the Netherlands after Amsterdam and Rotterdam, with a population of 485,818 and an area of approximately 100 km²...
is created when the NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east...
' Senate ratifies an 1899 peace conferenceA peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of certain states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities and sign a peace treaty....
decree.
- February 8 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
troops are defeated by theBoerBoer is the Dutch word for farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans-speaking pastoralists of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State,...
s at Ladysmith.
- February 9 – Dwight F. Davis
Dwight Filley Davis was an American tennis player and politician. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition.-Biography:Davis was born in St. Louis, Missouri....
creates the Davis CupThe Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. The largest annual international team competition in sports, the Davis Cup is run by the International Tennis Federation and is contested between teams of players from competing countries in a knock-out format. The competition...
tennisTennis is a sport played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a strung racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court....
tournament.
- February 14
- Russia
Russia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
responds to international pressure to free FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
by tightening imperial control over the country.
- Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
– Battle of PaardebergThe Battle of Paardeberg or Perdeberg was a major battle during the Second Anglo-Boer War. It was fought near Paardeberg Drift on the banks of the Modderrivier in the Orange Free State near Kimberley....
: 20,000 BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
troops invade the Orange Free StateThe Republic of the Orange Free State was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa. It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province...
.
- February 15 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: The Siege of KimberleyThe Siege of Kimberley took place during the Second Boer War at Kimberley, South Africa when Boer forces from the Orange Free State and the Transvaal besieged the diamond mining town. The Boers moved quickly to try to capture the British enclave when war broke out between the British and the two...
is lifted.
- February 17 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: Battle of PaardebergThe Battle of Paardeberg or Perdeberg was a major battle during the Second Anglo-Boer War. It was fought near Paardeberg Drift on the banks of the Modderrivier in the Orange Free State near Kimberley....
: British troops defeat the Boers.
- February 27
- The British Labour Party
The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century, it has been seen since 1920 as the principal party of the Left in England, Scotland and Wales, but not Northern Ireland, where it has only recently begun to organise again...
is formed.
- Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
military leaders accept the unconditional notice of surrender from Boer GeneralA general officer is an officer of high military rank. The term or equivalent is used by nearly every country in the world. General can be used as a generic term for all grades of general officer, or it can specifically refer to a single rank that is simply called general.-All general officer...
Piet CronjePieter Arnoldus Cronjé, commonly known as Piet Cronjé was a general of the South African Republic's military forces during the Anglo-Boer wars of 1880-1881 and 1899-1902.Born in the Cape Colony but raised in Transvaal, Cronjé made his reputation in the First Boer War,...
.
- Ramsay MacDonald
James Ramsay MacDonald was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He rose from humble origins to become the first Labour Prime Minister in 1924....
is appointed secretary of the newly formed British Labour Party.
March
See also March 1900January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in March, 1900.-March 1, 1900 :...
- March 2 – Groups of officials inspect towns around Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the continental mainland , the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans...
in order to find the new Federal capital.
- March 5 – Two U.S.
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
cruisers are sent to Central AmericaManagua
Guatemala City
San Salvador
San Pedro Sula
Panama City
San José, Costa Rica
Santa Ana, El Salvador
León
San Miguel|-|}...
to protect U.S. interests in a dispute between NicaraguaNicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km
2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of...
and Costa RicaCosta Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east.Costa Rica, which translates literally as "Rich Coast", constitutionally...
.
- March 6
- 'Baby-farmer' Ada Williams
Ada Chard-Williams
is hanged at NewgateNewgate at the west end of Newgate Street was one of the historic seven gates of London Wall round the City of London and one of the six which date back to Roman times. From it a Roman road led west to Silchester...
Prison for murdering a 21-month old girl.
- A coal mine explosion in West Virginia
West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland to the northeast...
kills 50 miners.
- March 7 – Fire at Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality...
destroys part of its roof.
- March 8 – London
[]London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. It has been a major settlement for two millennia, and the history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, when it was named Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, the 'square mile', retains its medieval boundaries...
ers celebrate as Queen VictoriaVictoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death...
makes a rare visit to the city.
- March 9 – Women in Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
demand the right to participate in university entrance exams.
- March 14 – Botanist Hugo de Vries
Hugo Marie de Vries was a Dutch botanist and one of the first geneticists. He is known chiefly for suggesting the concept of genes, rediscovering the laws of heredity in the 1890s while unaware of Gregor Mendel's work, for introducing the term "mutation", and for developing a mutation theory of...
rediscovers Mendel's laws of heredityMendelian inheritance is a set of primary tenets relating to the transmission of hereditary characteristics from parent organisms to their children; it underlies much of genetics. They were initially derived from the work of Gregor Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was "re-discovered" in...
.
- March 15 – The Gold Standard Act
The Gold Standard Act of the United States was passed in 1900 and established gold as the only standard for redeeming paper money, stopping bimetallism . It was signed by President William McKinley.-See also:* Gold standard* Resumption Act* Bland-Allison Act* Sherman Silver Purchase Act...
is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standardThe gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common medium of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set, fixed quantities of gold...
.
- March 16 – British
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
archaeologist Sir Arthur EvansSir Arthur John Evans was a British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete at Kephala Hill and for developing the concept of "Minoan civilization" from the structures and artifacts there and elsewhere in Crete and the eastern Mediterranean...
purchases the land on CreteCrete is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at 8,336 km²...
on which the ruins of the palace of KnossosKnossos , also known as Labyrinth, or Knossos Palace, is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and probably the ceremonial and political center of the Minoan civilization and culture. The palace appears as a maze of workrooms, living spaces, and store rooms close to a central square...
reside. He begins to unearth some of the palace 3 days later.
- March 24 – New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
Mayor Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that will link ManhattanManhattan is one of the five boroughs of New York City, located primarily on Manhattan Island at the mouth of the Hudson River.New York County, which has the same boundaries as the Borough of Manhattan , is the most densely populated county in the United States, with a 2008 population of 1,634,795...
and Brooklyn.
- March 25 – The War of the Golden Stool
The Yaa Asantewaa War, also known as the War of the Golden Stool, the Third Ashanti Expedition, the Ashanti Uprising or variations thereof, was the final war in a series of conflicts between the British Imperial government of the Gold Coast and the Empire of Ashanti, a powerful, semi-autonomous...
erupts in the Ashanti Kingdom of West Africa between the Ashanti and British colonial forces.
- March 27
- The arrival of a Russian fleet in Korea
Korea is a civilization and formerly unified nation currently divided into two states. Located on the Korean Peninsula, it borders China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait....
causes concern to the Japanese government.
- India
India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal...
is in crisis as millions starve. The country turns to the Colonial Government for help as food supplies run out.
- March 28 – Over 1,000 tonnes of filth are removed from demolished Sydney, Australia buildings in areas affected by the bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis . Plague is a zoonotic, primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas. Plague is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death and devastation it brought...
outbreak.
- March 31 – In France
France , officially the French Republic , is a country located in Western Europe, with several overseas islands and territories located on other continents. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean...
, the legal length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours.
April
See also April 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in April, 1900.-April 1, 1900 :*Bayern Munich played its first game, defeating the MTV 1879 club, 7-1....
- April 1
- The Irish Guards
The Irish Guards , part of the Guards Division, is a Foot Guards regiment of the British Army.Along with the Royal Irish Regiment, it is one of only two purely Irish regiments remaining in the British Army...
are formed by Queen VictoriaVictoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death...
.
- King George of Greece
George I, King of the Hellenes was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected King by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former King Otto...
becomes absolute monarch of CreteCrete is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea at 8,336 km²...
.
- April 4 – An anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales
Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910...
during his visit to BelgiumThe Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters, as well as those of other major international organizations, including NATO...
.
- April 14 – The Paris World Exhibition opens.
- April 22 – Battle of Kousséri
The battle of Kousséri originated in French plans to occupy the Chari-Baguirmi region. In 1899–1900, the French organized three armed columns, one proceeding north from Congo, one east from Niger and another south from Algeria...
: French forces secure their domination of ChadChad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...
.
- April 26 – The Great Lumber Fire
The Hull-Ottawa fire of 1900 was a devastating fire in 1900 that destroyed much of Hull, Quebec and large portions of Ottawa, Ontario. On April 26 a defective chimney on a house in Hull caught fire, which quickly spread between the wooden houses due to windy conditions...
of Ottawa–HullHull is the central and oldest part of the city of Gatineau, Quebec, Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River, directly opposite Ottawa...
kills 7 and leaves 15,000 homeless.
- April 30 – Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states, and is the only state made up entirely of islands. It is located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia. The state was admitted to the Union on August...
becomes an official U.S. territory.
May
See also May 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in May, 1900.-May 1, 1900 :...
- May 1 – An explosion of blasting powder in coal
Coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
mine in Scofield, UtahScofield is a town in Carbon County, Utah, United States. The population was 28 at the 2000 census. Scofield's name is frequently applied to the 1900 mine disaster in the Pleasant Valley Coal Company's Winter Quarters mine. The community was named for General Charles W...
kills 200.
- May 14 – The second Modern Olympic Games opens in Paris
Paris is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
(as part of the Paris World Exhibition).
- May 17
- Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
troops relieve the MafekingThe Siege of Mafeking was the most famous British action in the Second Boer War. It took place at the town of Mafeking in South Africa over a period of 217 days, from October 1899 to May 1900, and turned Robert Baden-Powell, who went on to found the Scouting Movement, into a national hero...
.
- Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: Boxers destroy 3 villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians.
- May 18 – The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
proclaims a protectorateA protectorate, in international law, is an autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity. In exchange for this, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of...
over TongaTonga , officially the Kingdom of Tonga , an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprises 169 islands, 36 of which are inhabited, and stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres in a north-south line...
.
- May 21 – Russia
Russia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
invades ManchuriaManchuria is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria either falls entirely within China, or is divided between China and Russia...
.
- May 23 – Sergeant William Harvey Carney
William Harvey Carney was an American Civil War soldier and the first African American to earn the Medal of Honor, though he was not presented with the honor until nearly 37 years after his act of bravery. Carney was the 21st African-American to be awarded the Medal, the first recipient having...
is awarded the Medal of HonorThe Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed on a member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes themselves "conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while...
for heroism in 1863, as the first African AmericanAfrican Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry...
to have earned the Medal. He was the 21st black recipient of the Medal.
- May 24 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: The British annex Orange Free StateThe Republic of the Orange Free State was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa. It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province...
as Orange River ColonyThe Orange River Colony was the British colony created after this nation first occupied and then annexed the independent Orange Free State in the Second Boer War...
.
- May 28 – Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: The Boxers attack Belgian personnel in the Fengtai railway station.
- May 31 – Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China.
June
See also June 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in June 1900.-June 1, 1900 :...
- June 1 – Carrie Nation
Carrie A. Nation was a member of the temperance movement—which opposed alcohol in pre-Prohibition America—particularly noted for promoting her viewpoint through vandalism. On many occasions, Nation would enter an alcohol-serving establishment and attack the bar with a hatchet...
begins her crusade to demolish saloons.
- June 5 – Second Boer War
The Second Boer War , commonly referred to as The Boer War and also known as the South African War , the Anglo-Boer War and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog , or the Engelse oorlog was fought...
: BritishThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands...
soldiers take PretoriaPretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the executive and de facto national capital; the others are Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital.Pretoria is...
.
- June 14 – The Reichstag
The Reichstag was the parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently of the North German Confederation, and of Germany until 1945...
approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navyThe German Navy The German Navy The German Navy (Deutsche Marine is the navy of Germany and part of the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces).The German Navy traces its roots back to the Imperial Fleet (Reichsflotte) of the revolutionary era of 1848–1852 and more directly to the Prussian Navy, which...
.
- June 20 – Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
- June 30 – Saale disaster
SS Saale was an ocean liner for North German Lloyd in the late 19th century. On 30 June 1900, Saale was moored at the North German Lloyd piers in Hoboken, New Jersey, preparing to depart on a transatlantic crossing when some cotton on a nearby pier caught on fire and spread to the ship...
: The German passenger shipA passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is...
Saale, owned by the North German Lloyd Steamship line, catches fire at the docks in Hoboken, New JerseyHoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2000 United States Census, the city's population was 38,577. The city is part of the New York metropolitan area and contains Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub for the region...
. The fire spreads to the adjacent piers and nearby ships, killing 326 people.
July
See also July 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in July, 1900.-July 1, 1900 :...
- July 2 – The first zeppelin
For the English rock group, please see Led Zeppelin. For other meanings please see Zeppelin .A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship pioneered by the German Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century. It was based on designs he had outlined in 1874 and detailed in 1893...
flight occurs over Lake ConstanceLake Constance is a lake on the Rhine at the northern foot of the Alps, and consists of three bodies of water: the Obersee , the Untersee , and a connecting stretch of the Rhine, called the Seerhein.The lake is situated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria near the Alps...
near FriedrichshafenFriedrichshafen is a town on the northern side of Lake Constance in southern Germany, near the borders with Switzerland and Austria....
, GermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
.
- July 5 – The Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act passes the British Parliament.
- July 9 – Queen Victoria
Victoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death...
gives royal assent to the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act.
- July 12 – A German
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
cruise liner, the SS DeutschlandSS Deutschland was a passenger liner owned by the Hamburg-Amerika Line of Germany. She sailed for over twenty-five years under three different names.-As the transatlantic liner Deutschland:...
, breaks the Blue RibandThe Blue Riband is an unofficial accolade given to the passenger liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean in regular service with the record highest speed. The term was borrowed from horse racing and was not widely used until after 1910. Under the unwritten rules, the record is based on average speed...
record for the first time with an average speed of 22.42 knotsThe knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour, which is equal to exactly 1.852 km/h and approximately 1.151 mph. The abbreviation kn is preferred by American and Canadian maritime authorities, and by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; however, the...
.
- July 19 – The first line
Paris Métro Line 1 was the first line of the Paris Métro in Paris, France. Line 1, whose first section was opened in 1900, now connects La Défense – Grande Arche to Château de Vincennes. With a 16.5 km length, it constitutes an "East-West" route transportation important for the City of Paris...
of the MétroThe Paris Métro or Métropolitain is the rapid transit system in Paris. It is a symbol of the city, notable for its station architecture, influenced by Art Nouveau. It has 16 lines, mostly underground, and a total length of 214 km . There are 300 stations...
is inaugurated in ParisParis is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
- July 25 – The Robert Charles Riots
The Robert Charles Riots of 1900 were sparked after African American laborer Robert Charles shot a police officer, which led to a manhunt. Twenty-eight people were killed in the conflict, including Robert Charles himself. Many more people were killed and wounded by riots stemming from the manhunt...
occur in New Orleans, LouisianaNew Orleans is a major U.S. port and the largest city in the state of Louisiana. New Orleans is the center of the New Orleans Metropolitan Area, the largest metro area in the state....
, United States.
- July 29 – King Umberto I of Italy
Umberto I or Humbert I , nicknamed the Good , was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death...
is assassinated by ItalianItaly , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine boundary with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia...
-born anarchist Gaetano BresciGaetano Bresci was an Italian American anarchist who assassinated Italian King Umberto I. He is still considered a hero by many anarchists and republicans...
.
- July 30 – The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred.
August
See also August 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in August, 1900.-August 1, 1900 :...
- August 14 – Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
: An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the EuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
ans taken hostage.
September
See also September 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in September, 1900.-September 1, 1900 :...
- September 8 – A powerful hurricane
A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Tropical cyclones feed on heat released when moist air rises, resulting in condensation of water vapor contained in the moist air...
hitsThe Hurricane of 1900 made landfall on the city of Galveston, Texas, on September 8, 1900.It had estimated winds of at landfall, making it a Category 4 storm on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale....
Galveston, TexasGalveston is a coastal city located on Galveston Island in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2005 U.S. Census estimate, the city had a total population of 57,466 within an area of...
killing about 8,000.
- September 13 – Philippine-American War
The Philippine–American War, sometimes known as the Philippine War of Independence was an armed military conflict between the Philippines and the United States, which arose from the struggle of the insurgent First Philippine Republic against United States annexation of the islands...
: Filipino resistance fighters defeat a large American column in the Battle of Pulang LupaThe Battle of Pulang Lupa was an engagement fought on September 13, 1900, during the Philippine-American War between the forces of Colonel Maximo Abad and Devereux Shields, in which Abad's men annihilated the American force....
.
- September 17 – Philippine-American War
The Philippine–American War, sometimes known as the Philippine War of Independence was an armed military conflict between the Philippines and the United States, which arose from the struggle of the insurgent First Philippine Republic against United States annexation of the islands...
: Filipinos under Juan CaillesJuan Cailles was a Filipino commander who served during the Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War. He later served as a provincial politician.-Early life:...
defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.
- September 25 – In the British general election
The United Kingdom general election of 1900 was held from 25 September to 24 October 1900. Also known as the khaki election , it was held in the midst of the return of soldiers from the Second Boer War...
, the recently formed Labour Party gains two seats. Winston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC was a British politician known chiefly for his leadership of the United Kingdom during World War II. He served as Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer...
is elected to Parliament for the first time.
November
See also November 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in November, 1900.-November 1, 1900 :...
- November 3
- The first automobile
An automobile, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...
showAn auto show, or motorshow, is a public exhibition of current automobile models, debuts, concept cars, or out-of-production classics. It is commonly attended by automobile manufacturers. Most auto shows occur once or twice a year...
in the United StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
opens at New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
's Madison Square GardenMadison Square Garden II was the name of an indoor arena in New York City. Built in 1890 and closing in 1925, the arena hosted the Democratic National Convention in 1924. Its seating capacity was 8,000 spectators...
.
- November 6 – U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley
William McKinley Jr. was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office....
is reelected by defeating Democratic challenger William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan was the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States in 1896, 1900 and 1908, a lawyer, and the 41st United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. One of the most popular speakers in American history, he was noted for a deep, commanding voice...
.
December
See also December 1900January - February -March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - DecemberThe following events occurred in December, 1900.-December 1, 1900 :...
- December 7 – Max Planck
Max Planck was a German physicist. He is considered to be the founder of the quantum theory, and thus one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Planck was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.-Biography:Planck came from a traditional, intellectual family...
announces his discovery of the law of black bodyIn physics, a black body is an idealized object that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on it. No electromagnetic radiation passes through it and none is reflected. Because no light is reflected or transmitted, the object appears black when it is cold. However, a black body emits a...
emission, marking the birth of quantum physics..
Undated
- U.S. New Haven, CT Louis Lassen of Louis' Lunch
Louis' Lunch in New Haven, Connecticut, advertises itself as the first restaurant to serve hamburgers and as being the oldest hamburger restaurant still operating in the U.S. Opened as a small lunch wagon in 1895, Louis' Lunch was also one of the first places in the U.S...
makes the first modern-day hamburgerA hamburger is a sandwich consisting of a cooked patty of ground meat, usually beef, placed in an open bun or between two slices of bread...
sandwichA sandwich is a food item consisting of two or more slices of bread with one or more fillings between them, or one slice of bread with a topping or toppings, commonly called an open sandwich. Sandwiches are a widely popular type of food, typically taken to work or school, or picnics to be eaten as...
.
- The Sokoto Caliphate has 1 million free people and maybe 2.5 million slaves.
- Civil service
The term civil service has two distinct meanings:* A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations....
consists of fewer than 3,500 top officials for a population of 300 million in IndiaIndia, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal...
.
- 4 out of every 1,000 residents of British India die of cholera
Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxin-producing strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Transmission to humans occurs through eating food or drinking water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae from other cholera patients...
each year.
- Japan
is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
participates with the European powers in occupying BeijingBeijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China...
to suppress the Boxer RebellionThe Boxer Rebellion, more properly called the Boxer Uprising, or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in Chinese, was a violent anti-imperialism, anti-Christian movement by the "Righteous Fists of Harmony,” Yihe tuan义和团 or Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists in China , between 1898 and 1901...
.
- At the Carnegie Steel Corporation (later USX) Slavs and Italians produce 1/3 of the world's total steel supply.
- 1900–1914 – 14 million immigrants pass through the US customs inspection station at Ellis Island
Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, is the location of what was from January 1, 1892, until November 12, 1954 the main entry facility for immigrants entering the United States; the facility replaced the state-run Castle Garden Immigration Depot in Manhattan...
in New York CityNew York is the most populous city in the United States, and the center of the New York metropolitan area, which is among the most populous urban areas in the world. A leading global city, New York exerts a powerful influence over worldwide commerce, finance, culture, fashion and entertainment...
.
- 1900–1917 – 72,000 railroad worker deaths occure in the USA.
World population
- World population
The term world population commonly refers to the total number of living humans on Earth at a given time. As of , the Earth's population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be billion. The world population has been growing continuously since the end of the Black Death around 1400...
: 1,650,000,000
- Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area. With a billion people in 61 territories, it accounts for about 14.8% of the...
: 133,000,000
- Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.6% of the earth's total surface area and with approximately 4 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population.Asia is traditionally defined as part of the...
: 947,000,000
- Japan
is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
: c. 45,000,000
- Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
: 408,000,000
- Latin-America: 74,000,000
- Northern America
4. Miami
5. Philadelphia6. Toronto
7. Dallas
8. Boston
9. Houston
10. Atlanta}}|}Northern America is the northernmost region of the Americas, and is part of the North American continent. It lies directly north of the region of Middle America; the land border between the...
: 82,000,000
- Oceania
Oceania is a geographical, often geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term "Oceania" was coined in 1831 by French explorer Dumont d'Urville...
: 6,000,000
January–June
- January 1 – Xavier Cugat
Xavier Cugat, born Francesc d'Asís Xavier Cugat Mingall de Bru i Deulofeu was an American bandleader who spent his formative years in Havana, Cuba. A trained violinist and arranger, he was a key personality in the spread of Latin music in United States popular music. He was also a cartoonist and a...
, Cuban bandleader (d. 1990)
- January 2 – William Haines
Charles William "Billy" Haines was an American film actor and interior designer. A star of the silent era, Haines' career was cut short in the Thirties as a result of his refusal to deny his homosexuality....
, American actor (d. 1973)
- January 4 – James Bond
James Bond was a leading American ornithologist whose name was appropriated by writer Ian Fleming for his fictional spy, James Bond.-Biography:...
, American ornithologist (d. 1989)
- January 5 – Yves Tanguy
Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy , known as Yves Tanguy was a surrealist painter.-Biography:Tanguy was born in Paris, France, the son of a retired navy captain. His parents were both of Breton origin...
, French painter (d. 1955)
- January 16 – Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank
Annelies Marie "Anne" Frank was a Jewish girl who was born in the city of Frankfurt am Main in Weimar Germany, and who lived most of her life in or near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands...
(d. 1945)
- January 25 – Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky, also known as T. G. Dobzhansky, and sometimes Anglicized to Theodore Dobzhansky was a noted geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the unifying modern evolutionary...
, Ukrainian geneticist and evolutionary biologist (d. 1975)
- January 23 – William Ifor Jones
William Ifor Jones , was a Welsh conductor and organist. Born into a large coal-mining family and raised in Merthyr Tydfil, Jones studied at the Royal Academy of Music in London from 1920 to 1925. He studied the organ with at St. Paul's Cathedral, London; orchestral Conducting with Sir Henry Wood...
, Welsh conductor and organist (d. 1988)
- January 26 – Karl Ristenpart
Karl Ristenpart was a German conductor.Born in Kiel, Germany, he studied at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin and in Vienna. He was heavily involved in creating three orchestras in his lifetime, most notably the Chamber Orchestra of the Saar. With this group he created one of the recorded...
, German conductor (d. 1967)
- January 27 – Hyman Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)
- January 30 – Martita Hunt
Martita Hunt was a British theatre and film actress.-Early life:Hunt was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on 30 January 1900 to British parents Alfred and Marta Hunt...
, Argentine-born British actress (d. 1969)
- February 4 – Jacques Prévert
Jacques Prévert was a French poet and screenwriter. -Life:Prevert was born at Neuilly-sur-Seine and grew up in Paris, where he was bored by school. He often went to theatre with his father, a drama critic, and acquired a love of reading from his mother...
, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
- February 5 – Adlai Stevenson
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II was an American politician, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent oratory, and promotion of liberal causes in the Democratic Party. He served one term as governor of Illinois, and received the Democratic Party's nomination for president in 1952 and 1956; both times...
, American politician (d. 1965)
- February 11 – Hans-Georg Gadamer
Hans-Georg Gadamer was a German philosopher of the continental tradition, best known for his 1960 magnum opus, Truth and Method .- Life :...
, German philosopher (d. 2002)
- February 12 – Roger J. Traynor
Roger John Traynor served as the 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California from 1964 to 1970, and as an Associate Justice from 1940 to 1964...
, American judge (d. 1983)
- February 19 – Giorgos Seferis
Giorgos or George Seferis was the pen name of Geōrgios Seferiádēs . He was one of the most important Greek poets of the 20th century, and a Nobel laureate...
, Greek writer, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
laureate (d. 1971)
- February 22 – Luis Buñuel
Luis Buñuel Portolés was a Spanish-born filmmaker who acquired Mexican citizenship and worked in Mexico, France, and also in his native Spain and the United States...
, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
- February 25 – Richard M. Hollingshead, Jr.
Richard Milton Hollingshead, Jr. was the inventor of the drive-in theater.In the early 1930s, he was working as a sales manager in his father's auto parts company, Whiz Auto Products. According to one story, his mother was a large woman who was uncomfortable sitting in a regular movie theater...
, American inventor of the drive-in theatre (d. 1975)
- February 28 – Wolfram Hirth, German pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1959)
- March 4 – Herbert Biberman
Herbert J. Biberman was an American screenwriter and film director who may be best known for having been one of the Hollywood Ten as well as directing the 1954 film Salt of the Earth; about a Grant County, New Mexico zinc miners' strike.Born in Philadelphia to a Jewish family, Biberman's pre-Ten...
, American screenwriter and film director (d. 1971)
- March 9 – Howard Aiken
Howard Hathaway Aiken was a pioneer in computing, being the primary engineer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer....
, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
- March 13 – Giorgos Seferis
Giorgos or George Seferis was the pen name of Geōrgios Seferiádēs . He was one of the most important Greek poets of the 20th century, and a Nobel laureate...
, Greek poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize in LiteratureThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
(d. 1971)
- March 19 – Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
(d. 1958)
- March 23 – Erich Fromm
Erich Seligmann Fromm was an internationally renowned social psychologist, psychoanalyst, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was associated with what became known as the Frankfurt School of critical theory.-Punanni:Erich Fromm was born on 23 March 1900, at Frankfurt am Main, the...
, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980)
- March 29 – John McEwen
Sir John "Black Jack" McEwen, GCMG, CH , was an Australian politician and 18th Prime Minister of Australia.McEwen's stern demeanour earned him the nickname "Black Jack" ....
, Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
- March 31 – Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
The Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester PC, KG, KT, KP, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, KStJ was a member of the British Royal Family, the third son of George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary, and thus uncle to Elizabeth II...
(d. 1974)
- April 2 – Roberto Arlt
Roberto Arlt was an Argentine writer born in Buenos Aires on April 2, 1900. His father was Karl Arlt and his mother, Ekatherine Iobstraibitzer. His relationship with his father was stressful, as Karl Arlt was a very severe and austere man, by Arlt's own account, and the memory of his oppressive...
, Argentine writer (d. 1942)
- April 3 – Albert Ingham
Albert Edward Ingham was an English mathematician.Ingham was born in Northampton. He obtained his Ph.D., which was supervised by John Edensor Littlewood, from the University of Cambridge. He supervised the Ph.D.s of C. Brian Haselgrove, Wolfgang Fuchs and Christopher Hooley...
, English mathematician (d. 1967)
- April 5 – Spencer Tracy
Spencer Bonaventure Tracy was an American theatrical and film actor, who appeared in 74 films from 1930 to 1967. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Tracy among the Greatest Male Stars of All Time, ranking 9th on the list...
, American actor (d. 1967)
- April 8 – Marie Byles
Marie Beuzeville Byles is known as a committed conservationist, the first practicing female solicitor in New South Wales, mountaineer, explorer and avid bushwalker, feminist, author and an original member of the Buddhist Society in New South Wales...
, Australian solicitor (d. 1979)
- April 16 – Polly Adler
Pearl "Polly" Adler was a Russian-born madam and author.The oldest of nine children of Gertrude Koval and Morris Adler, Polly Adler emigrated to America from Yanow, Russia, near the Polish border at the age of 14 just before World War I. The war stopped her family from joining her. She worked in...
, Russian author (d. 1962)
- April 21 – Hans Fritzsche
Hans Georg Fritzsche was a senior Nazi official, ending the war as Ministerialdirektor at the Propagandaministerium.- Career :...
, German Nazi official (d. 1953)
- April 25 – Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
laureate (d. 1958)
- April 26 – Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
- April 27 – August Koern
August Koern was an Estonian statesman and diplomat. He was Estonian foreign minister in exile from March 1, 1964 to June 3, 1982....
, Estonian statesman and diplomat (d. 1989)
- April 30 – Cecily Lefort
Cecily Lefort was a British SOE agent, during World War II.-Early life:Born as Cecily Margot MacKenzie in London of Scottish ancestry, she lived on the coast of Brittany in France from the age of 24 with her French husband, Dr...
, English World War II heroine (d. 1945)
- May 1 – Ignazio Silone
Ignazio Silone was the pseudonym of Secondo Tranquilli, an Italian author.-Early life and career:He was born in the town of Pescina in the Abruzzo region and lost many family members, including his mother, in the 1915 Avezzano earthquake. His father had died in 1911...
, Italian author (d. 1978)
- May 12 – Helene Weigel
Helene Weigel was one of the outstanding actors of her generation. She was the second wife of Bertolt Brecht, and together they had a son Stefan....
, Austrian actress (d. 1971)
- May 15 – Zheng Ji, Chinese nutritionist and biochemist
- May 17 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iranian political leader (d. 1989)
- May 23 – Hans Frank
Hans Michael Frank was a German lawyer who worked for the Nazi party during the 1920s and 1930s and later became a high-ranking official in Nazi Germany. He was prosecuted during the Nuremberg trials for his role in perpetrating the Holocaust during his tenure as Governor-General of occupied Poland...
, German Nazi official (d. 1946)
- May 27 – Uładzimir Zylka, Belarusian poet (d. 1933)
- May 28 – Tommy Ladnier
Tommy Ladnier was an American jazz trumpeter. Clarinetist/writer Mezz Mezzrow rated him second only to Louis Armstrong....
, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1939)
- June 3 – Rolland Fisher
Rolland Fisher was a minister and evangelist who actively promoted the temperance movement. He was Executive Secretary of the Kansas Prohibition Party in 1948-1950, was State Chairman of the party in 1962-1968, was Vice-Chairman of the Prohibition National Committee in 1963-1967, and was the...
, American temperance activist (d. 1982)
- June 4 – George Watkins
George Watkins was a Major League Baseball player, born in Freestone County, Texas who owns the record for the highest batting average in their rookie season, batting .373 in his rookie year of , with the St...
, American baseball player (d. 1970)
- June 5 – Dennis Gabor
Dennis Gabor CBE, FRS, was a Hungarian electrical engineer and inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the Nobel Prize in Physics.-Biography:He was born as Gábor Dénes, in Budapest, Hungary...
, Hungarian physicist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901; the others are the Nobel Prize in chemistry, Nobel Prize in literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and...
laureate (d. 1979)
- June 7 – Glen Gray
Glen Gray Knoblauch, better known as Glen Gray, was a jazz saxophonist and leader of the Casa Loma Orchestra....
, American saxophonist (d. 1963)
- June 15 – Paul Mares
Paul Mares , was an American early dixieland jazz cornet & trumpet player, and leader of the New Orleans Rhythm Kings.Mares was born in New Orleans. His father, Joseph E...
, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1949)
- June 17 – Martin Bormann
Martin Ludwig Bormann was a prominent Nazi official. He became head of the Party Chancellery and private secretary to Adolf Hitler...
, German Nazi official (d. 1945)
- June 25 – Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh...
, Viceroy of India (d. 1979)
- June 29 – Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Antoine de Saint Exupéry was a French writer and aviator. He is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince, and for his books about aviation adventures, including Night Flight and Wind, Sand and Stars....
, French pilot and writer (d. 1944)
July–December
- July 4 – Robert Desnos
Robert Desnos , was a French surrealist poet who played a key role in the surrealistic movement of his day. His last name is pronounced "Deznoss."- Biography :...
, French poet (d. 1945)
- July 6 – Frederica Sagor Maas
Frederica Sagor Maas is an American playwright, screenwriter, essayist and author, the youngest daughter of Russian immigrants.-Biography:She was born as Frederica Sagor in New York City...
, American playwright, essayist, and author
- July 13 – George Lewis
George Lewis was an American jazz clarinetist who achieved his greatest fame and influence in the later decades of his life....
, American jazz clarinetist (d. 1968)
- July 29 – Eyvind Johnson
Eyvind Johnson, was a Swedish author. He became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1957 and shared the Nobel Prize in Literature with Harry Martinson in 1974 with the citation:for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom.Johnson was born Olof Edvin Verner Jonsson in...
, Swedish writer, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
laureate (d. 1976)
- August 3 – Ernie Pyle
Ernest Taylor Pyle was an American journalist who wrote as a roving correspondent for the Scripps Howard newspaper chain from 1935 until his death in combat during World War II. He won the Pulitzer Prize in 1944...
, American journalist (d. 1945)
- August 4 – Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 1936 until 1952 as the wife of King George VI. After her husband's death, she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II...
, queen of George VI of the United KingdomGeorge VI was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death...
(d. 2002)
- August 6 – Cecil H. Green, British-born geophysicist and businessman (d. 2003)
- August 10 – Arthur Espie Porritt, New Zealand politician and athlete (d. 1994)
- August 11 – Philip Phillips
Philip Phillips was an influential archaeologist in the United States during the 20th century. Although his first graduate work was in architecture, he later received a doctorate from Harvard University under advisor Alfred Marston Tozzer...
, American archaeologist (d. 1994)
- August 18 – Glenn Albert Black
Glenn Albert Black was an influential archaeologist of the United States who was the first professional to study Indiana prehistoric sites. He was born 18 August 1900 in Indianapolis, Indiana and died 2 September 1964....
, American archaeologist (d. 1964)
- August 19
- Colleen Moore
Colleen Moore was an American film actress, and one of the most fashionable stars of the silent film era.-Early life:...
, American actress (d. 1988)
- Gilbert Ryle
Gilbert Ryle , was a British philosopher, and a representative of the generation of British ordinary language philosophers influenced by Wittgenstein's insights into language, and is principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase "the ghost in the machine"...
, British philosopher (d. 1976)
- August 22 – Sergei Ozhegov
Sergei Ivanovich Ozhegov was a Russian lexicographer who in 1926 graduated from the Leningrad University where his teachers included Lev Shcherba and Viktor Vinogradov....
, Russian lexicographer (d. 1964)
- August 25 – Sir Hans Adolf Krebs
Sir Hans Adolf Krebs was a German born British physician and biochemist. Krebs is best known for his identification of two important metabolic cycles: the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle...
, German physician and biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine...
(d. 1981)
- August 26 – Hellmuth Walter
Hellmuth Walter was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines...
, German engineer and inventor (d. 1980)
- September 3 – Urho Kekkonen
Urho Kaleva Kekkonen was a Finnish politician who served as Prime Minister of Finland and later as President of Finland . Kekkonen continued the "active neutrality" policy of President Juho Kusti Paasikivi, which came to be known as the Paasikivi-Kekkonen Line...
, President of Finland (d. 1986)
- September 6 – W.A.C. Bennett
William Andrew Cecil Bennett, PC, OC was Premier of the Canadian province of British Columbia. With just over 20 years in office, Bennett was and remains the longest-serving premier in British Columbia history. He was usually referred to as W.A.C...
, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
- September 22 – Paul H. Emmett
Paul Hugh Emmett was an American chemical engineer.-Biography:He was born in Portland, Oregon. After completing his baccalaureate at Oregon Agricultural College , Emmett went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he earned his Ph.D...
, American chemical engineer (d. 1985)
- September 23 – Louise Nevelson, Ukrainian-born American sculptor (d. 1988)
- September 29 – Miguel Alemán Valdés
Miguel Alemán Valdés served as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952.-Life:Alemán was born in Sayula in the state of Veracruz as the son of General Miguel Alemán González and Tomasa Valdés Ledezma...
, President of Mexico (d. 1983)
- September 29 – Auguste van Pels, German-Dutch mother of Peter van Pels, housemate of Anne Frank (d. 1945)
- October 1 – Tom Goddard
Tom Goddard was the fifth highest wicket taker in first-class cricket....
, English cricketer (d. 1966)
- October 6 – Stan Nichols
Stan Nichols was the leading all-rounder in English cricket for much of the 1930s.-Career:In his youth primarily a football goalkeeper who played for some time with Queen's Park...
, English cricketer (d. 1961)
- October 7 – Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Luitpold Himmler , one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, served as Chief of the German Police and Minister of the Interior...
, German Nazi official and SS head (d. 1945)
- October 30 – Ragnar Granit
Ragnar Arthur Granit was a Finnish/Swedish scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1967 along with Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald....
, Finnish neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or MedicineThe Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Peace, and Physiology or Medicine...
(d. 1991)
- November 4 – Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu
Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of the Communist Party of Romania , also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist. For a while, he was a professor at Bucharest University...
, Romanian communist activist and sociologist (d. 1954)
- November 5
- Martin Dies, Jr.
Martin Dies, Jr. was a Texas politician and a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives. His father, Martin Dies, was also a member of the United States House of Representatives.-Biography:...
, American politician (d. 1972)
- Natalie Schafer
Natalie Schafer was an American actress.-Early life and career:Born to a Jewish family in Red Bank, New Jersey, Schafer began her career as an actress on Broadway before moving to Los Angeles in 1941 to work in films...
, American actress (d. 1991)
- November 6 – Hugh Prosser
Hugh Prosser was a Hollywood actor who appeared in over 90 films between 1936 and 1953.A native of Illinois, Prosser was a versatile supporting performer particularly adept at playing unscrupulous villains, but also satisfactory in character roles and the occasional sympathetic part...
, American actor (d. 1952)
- November 8
- Charlie Paddock
Charles "Charlie" William Paddock was an American athlete and twofold Olympic champion.After serving in World War I as a lieutenant of field artillery, Paddock - a native of Gainesville, Texas - studied at the University of Southern California. There he became a member of the track and field...
, American athlete (d. 1943)
- Margaret Mitchell
Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell was an American author, who won the Pulitzer Prize in 1937 for her novel Gone with the Wind. The novel is one of the most popular books of all time, selling more than 30 million copies...
, American writer (Gone With The Wind) (d. 1949)
- November 11 – Halina Konopacka
Halina Konopacka , famous athlete, first Polish Olympic Champion . She took part in the Olympic Games in Amsterdam, where she won a gold medal in discus throw breaking her own world record...
, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
- November 13 – David Marshall Williams, American inventor (d. 1975)
- November 14 – Aaron Copland
Aaron Copland was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. Instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition, he was widely known as "the dean of American composers". Copland's music achieved a balance between modern music and American...
, American composer (d. 1990)
- November 16 – Nikolai Pogodin
Nikolai Fyodorovich Pogodin was a Soviet playwright.Born into a peasant family at Gundorovskaya Stantsiya in the Don Province, young Nikolai Stukalov "spent a wandering childhood with his mother, who travelled from one Cossack village to another taking in sewing"; he worked as a bookbinder and...
, Soviet playwright (d. 1962)
- November 22 – Tom Macdonald
Tom Macdonald was a Welsh journalist and novelist, whose most significant publication was his highly evocative account of growing up in North Cardiganshire in the years before the Great War, which was published in 1975 as The White Lanes of Summer.-Biography:Thomas Macdonald was born on 22...
, Welsh journalist and novelist (d. 1980)
- November 25 – Rudolf Höß
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höß was an SS-Obersturmbannführer and from May 4, 1940 to November 1943 was the first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp, where it is estimated that more than a million people were killed.-Early life:Rudolf Höss was born in Baden-Baden into a strict Catholic family...
, German Nazi official (d. 1947)
- December 3
- Ulrich Inderbinen
Ulrich Inderbinen was a Swiss mountain guide famous for his longevity and love for mountain climbing. He had been on the top of Matterhorn over 370 times and made his last ascent of it when he was 90.-References:...
, Swiss mountain guide (d. 2004)
- Richard Kuhn
Richard Kuhn was an Austrian-German biochemist and Nobel laureate.-Early life:Kuhn was born in Vienna, Austria where he attended grammar school and high school. His interest in chemistry surfaced early; however he had many interests and decided late to study chemistry...
, Austrian chemist, Nobel PrizeThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature,...
laureate (d. 1967)
- December 4 – John Axon
John Axon GC was an English engine driver from Stockport who died while trying to stop a runaway freight train on a 1 in 58 gradient near Buxton in Derbyshire after a brake failure. The train consisted of an ex-LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0 No...
, British railwayman (d. 1957)
- December 6 – Agnes Moorehead
Agnes Robertson Moorehead was an American actress. Although she began with the Mercury Theatre, appeared in more than seventy films beginning with Citizen Kane and on dozens of television shows during a career that spanned more than thirty years, Moorehead is most widely known to modern audiences...
, American actress (Bewitched) (d. 1974)
- December 10 – Dominic Costa
Dominic Eric Costa was an Australian politician. He was born at Warialda, New South Wales and was educated at public schools...
, Australian politician (d. 1976)
- December 12 – Sammy Davis, Sr.
Sammy Davis, Sr. was an American dancer and the father of Sammy Davis, Jr..Sammy Davis, Sr. was born in Wilmington, North Carolina. He and his wife Elvera Sanchez were both vaudeville dancers. They split up when their son Sammy, Jr. was three. Davis, Sr. obtained custody of his son and took the...
, American dancer (d. 1988)
- December 20 – Marinus van der Goes van Naters
Jonkheer Marinus van der Goes van Naters was a Dutch nobleman and politician. He was born in Nijmegen. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1937 to 1967 and in-parliament chairman of the Social Democratic parties SDAP and its successor the Dutch Labour Party from 1945 to 1951...
, Dutch politician (d. 2005)
January–June
- January 20 – John Ruskin
John Ruskin was an English art critic and social thinker, also remembered as an author, poet and artist. His essays on art and architecture were extremely influential in the Victorian and Edwardian eras....
, English writer and social critic (b. 1819)
- January 31 – John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry, Scottish nobleman and boxer (b. 1844)
- February 18 – Clinton L. Merriam
Clinton Levi Merriam was a United States Representative from New York.Merriam was born in Leyden, Lewis County, New York on March 25, 1824...
, American politician (b. 1824)
- March 6
- Gottlieb Daimler
Gottlieb Daimler was an engineer, industrial designer and industrialist, born in Schorndorf , in what is now the Federal Republic of Germany. He was a pioneer of internal-combustion engines and automobile development...
, German inventor and automotive pioneer (b. 1834)
- Carl Bechstein
Bechstein is a surname and may refer to:*Johann Matthäus Bechstein , a German naturalist and forester.*Ludwig Bechstein , a German writer....
, GermanGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium,...
pianoThe piano is a musical instrument which is played by means of a keyboard. Widely used in Western music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music, and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...
maker (b. 1826)
- April 5
- Joseph Louis François Bertrand
Joseph Louis François Bertrand was a French mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, economics and thermodynamics....
, French mathematician (b. 1822)
- Osman Nuri Paşa, Ottoman military leader (b. 1832)
- April 12 – {[James Richard Cocke]], American physician, homeopath, and a pioneer hypnotherapist (b. 1863).
- April 17 – George Curry
George Sutherland Curry was a robber of the Wild West.-Early outlaw career:Curry was born on Prince Edward Island about 1864. His family moved to Chadron, Nebraska where he started rustling as a young man. He gained the soubriquets "Big Nose", and "Flatnose"" and took up residence at the outlaw...
, Wild West robber (Wild Bunch) (shot) (b. 1864)
- April 19 – James Dawson, Australian activist (b. 1806)
- April 22 – Amédée-François Lamy
Amédée-François Lamy was born at Mougins, in the French département of Alpes-Maritimes on February 7 1858 and died in the battle of Kousséri on April 22 1900....
, French soldier (b. 1858) (killed in battle)
- April 24 – George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, British politician (b.1823)
- April 30 – Casey Jones
John Luther "Casey" Jones was an American railroad engineer from Jackson, Tennessee who worked for the Illinois Central Railroad . On April 30, 1900, he alone was killed when his passenger train collided with a stalled freight train at Vaughan, Mississippi on a foggy and rainy night...
, American railway engineer (b. 1864)
- May 18 – Jean Gaspard Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, French philosopher (b. 1813)
- June 2
- Samori Ture, West African empire-builder (b. 1830)
- Clarence Cook
Clarence Chatham Cook was a 19th century American author and art critic.Born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, Cook graduated from Harvard in 1849 and worked as a teacher. Between 1863 and 1869, Cook wrote a series of articles about American art for The New York Tribune...
, American critic and writer (b. 1828)
- June 3 – Mary Kingsley
Mary Henrietta Kingsley was an English writer and explorer who greatly influenced European ideas about Africa and African people....
, English explorer and writer (b. 1862)
- June 5 – Stephen Crane
Stephen Crane was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism...
, American author (b. 1871)
- June 11 – Belle Boyd
Isabella Marie Boyd , best known as Belle Boyd or Cleopatra of the Secession, was a Confederate spy in the American Civil War...
, American Confederate spy and actress (b. 1843)
- June 19 – Princess Josephine of Baden
Princess Josephine Friederike Luise of Baden was born at Mannheim, the daughter of Karl, Grand Duke of Baden and his wife, Stéphanie de Beauharnais.-Life:...
(b. 1813)
July–December
- July 8 – Henry D. Cogswell
Dr. Henry Daniel Cogswell was a dentist and a crusader in the temperance movement. He and his wife Caroline also founded Cogswell College in Sunnyvale, California. Another campus in Everett, Washington was later dedicated in his honor.Born in Tolland, Connecticut, Cogswell's family were...
, American philanthropist (b. 1820)
- July 29 – Umberto I
Umberto I or Humbert I , nicknamed the Good , was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death...
, King of Italy (b. 1844)
- July 31 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the third Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha reigning between 1893 and 1900. He was also a member of the British Royal Family, the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha...
, second son of Queen Victoria (b. 1844)
- August 10 – Charles Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen
Charles Arthur Russell, Baron Russell of Killowen, GCMG QC, was a British statesman of the 19th century, and Lord Chief Justice.-Early life:...
, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1832)
- August 12 – Wilhelm Steinitz
Wilhelm Steinitz was an Austrian-American chess player and the first undisputed world chess champion from 1886 to 1894. Some contemporaries and later writers described him as world champion since 1866, when he won a match against Adolf Anderssen...
, Austrian-born chess player (b. 1836)
- August 16 – José Maria de Eça de Queiroz, Portuguese writer (b. 1845)
- August 23 – Kuroda Kiyotaka
Count , , also known as Kuroda Ryōsuke , was a Japanese politician of the Meiji era, and the second Prime Minister of Japan from 30 April 1888 to 25 October 1889.-As a Satsuma samurai:...
, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1840)
- August 25 – Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a 19th- century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science, using a distinctive German-language style and displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony and...
, German philosopher and writer (b. 1844)
- September 23
- William Marsh Rice
William Marsh Rice was an American businessman who bequeathed his fortune to found Rice University in Houston, Texas.-Biography:...
, American philanthropist and university founder (b. 1816)
- Arsenio Martínez Campos
Arsenio Martínez Campos was a Spanish officer, who rose against the First Spanish Republic in a military revolution in 1874 and restored Spain's Bourbon dynasty. Later he became Captain-General of Cuba. As soldier and politician, he took part in the wars in Africa, Mexico, Cuba and the last...
, Spanish revolutionary (b. 1831)
- September 29 – Samuel Fenton Cary
Samuel Fenton Cary, Sr. was a congressman and significant temperance movement leader in the nineteenth century. Cary became well-known nationally as a prohibitionist author and lecturer....
, American politician (b. 1814)
- October 15 – Zdeněk Fibich
Zdeněk Fibich was a Czech composer of classical music, including chamber works , symphonic poems, three symphonies, at least seven operas, the most famous probably Šárka and The Bride of Messina; melodramas including the substantial...
, Czech composer (b. 1850)
- October 22 – John Sherman
John Sherman, nicknamed "The Ohio Icicle" , was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Ohio during the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. He served as both Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State and was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act...
, American politician (b.1823)
- November 22 – Sir Arthur Sullivan
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO was an English composer, of Irish and Italian descent, best known for his operatic collaborations with librettist W. S. Gilbert, including such continually-popular works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance, and The Mikado...
. English composer (b. 1842)
- November 30 – Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish playwright, poet and author of numerous short stories and one novel. Known for his biting wit, he became one of the most successful playwrights of the late Victorian era in London, and one of the greatest "celebrities" of his day...
, Irish writer (b. 1854)
External links