1860 in literature
Encyclopedia
The year 1860 in literature involved some significant new books.

Events

  • January - First issue of the Cornhill Magazine
    Cornhill Magazine
    The Cornhill Magazine was a Victorian magazine and literary journal named after Cornhill Street in London.Cornhill was founded by George Murray Smith in 1860 and was published until 1975. It was a literary journal with a selection of articles on diverse subjects and serialisations of new novels...

  • June 9 ****- Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter becomes the first dime novel
    Dime novel
    Dime novel, though it has a specific meaning, has also become a catch-all term for several different forms of late 19th-century and early 20th-century U.S...

     to be published.
  • Fyodor Dostoevsky
    Fyodor Dostoevsky
    Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky was a Russian writer of novels, short stories and essays. He is best known for his novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov....

     returns to St Petersburg.
  • Mary Elizabeth Braddon
    Mary Elizabeth Braddon
    Mary Elizabeth Braddon was a British Victorian era popular novelist. She is best known for her 1862 sensation novel Lady Audley's Secret.-Life:...

     meets her future husband John Maxwell
    John Maxwell
    John Maxwell may refer to:*John Maxwell, 4th Lord Maxwell , Scottish nobleman and head of the Border family of Maxwell*John Maxwell , Scottish prelate, Archbishop of Tuam, Bishop of Ross...

    .
  • Alexander Bain
    Alexander Bain
    Alexander Bain was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist in the British school of empiricism who was a prominent and innovative figure in the fields of psychology, linguistics, logic, moral philosophy and education reform...

     is appointed to the chair of logic and English literature at the University of Aberdeen
    University of Aberdeen
    The University of Aberdeen, an ancient university founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland, is a British university. It is the third oldest university in Scotland, and the fifth oldest in the United Kingdom and wider English-speaking world...

    .
  • The Univers religieux is suppressed by the French government.
  • Samuel Wilberforce
    Samuel Wilberforce
    Samuel Wilberforce was an English bishop in the Church of England, third son of William Wilberforce. Known as "Soapy Sam", Wilberforce was one of the greatest public speakers of his time and place...

     and Thomas Huxley
    Thomas Huxley
    Thomas Henry Huxley PC FRS was an English biologist, known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution....

     debate the theories of Charles Darwin
    Charles Darwin
    Charles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...

     at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History
    Oxford University Museum of Natural History
    The Oxford University Museum of Natural History, sometimes known simply as the Oxford University Museum, is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It also contains a lecture theatre which is used by the...

    .
  • The first Vanity Fair
    Vanity Fair (magazine, historical)
    Vanity Fair has been the title of at least five magazines, including an 1859–1863 American publication, an 1868–1914 British publication, an unrelated 1902–1904 New York magazine, and a 1913–1936 American publication edited by Condé Nast, which was revived in 1983.Vanity Fair was notably a...

    magazine is published in the USA.

New books

  • R M Ballantyne
    Robert Michael Ballantyne
    R. M. Ballantyne was a Scottish juvenile fiction writer.Born Robert Michael Ballantyne in Edinburgh, he was part of a famous family of printers and publishers. At the age of 16 he went to Canada and was six years in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company...

     -The Dog Crusoe and his Master
  • Wilkie Collins
    Wilkie Collins
    William Wilkie Collins was an English novelist, playwright, and author of short stories. He was very popular during the Victorian era and wrote 30 novels, more than 60 short stories, 14 plays, and over 100 non-fiction pieces...

     - The Woman in White
    The Woman in White (novel)
    The Woman in White is an epistolary novel written by Wilkie Collins in 1859, serialized in 1859–1860, and first published in book form in 1860...

  • V.G. Cowdin - Ellen; or, The Fanatic's Daughter
    Ellen; or, The Fanatic's Daughter
    Ellen; or, The Fanatic's Daughter' is an 1860 plantation fiction novel written by Mrs. V.G. Cowdin.- Overview :Ellen is one of several examples of Anti-Tom literature, a literary subgenre that emerged in the Southern United States in response to the 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher...

  • George Eliot
    George Eliot
    Mary Anne Evans , better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, journalist and translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era...

     - The Mill on the Floss
    The Mill on the Floss
    The Mill on the Floss is a novel by George Eliot , first published in three volumes in 1860 by William Blackwood. The first American edition was by Thomas Y...

  • G.M. Flanders - The Ebony Idol
    The Ebony Idol
    The Ebony Idol is a plantation literature novel first published in 1860 and written by G.M. Flanders.-Overview:The Ebony Idol is one of several novels written in the Southern United States in response to the 1852 abolitionist novel Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe.The majority of these...

  • Edmond & Jules de Goncourt - Charles Demailly
  • Nathaniel Hawthorne
    Nathaniel Hawthorne
    Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American novelist and short story writer.Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in the city of Salem, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Hathorne and the former Elizabeth Clarke Manning. His ancestors include John Hathorne, a judge during the Salem Witch Trials...

     - The Marble Faun
    The Marble Faun
    The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni, also known as Transformation, was the last of the four major romances by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was published in 1860. The Marble Faun, written on the eve of the American Civil War, is set in a fantastical Italy...

  • Mór Jókai
    Mór Jókai
    Mór Jókai , born Móric Jókay de Ásva , outside Hungary also known as Maurus Jokai, was a Hungarian dramatist and novelist.-Early life:...

     - Poor Rich
  • George Meredith
    George Meredith
    George Meredith, OM was an English novelist and poet of the Victorian era.- Life :Meredith was born in Portsmouth, England, a son and grandson of naval outfitters. His mother died when he was five. At the age of 14 he was sent to a Moravian School in Neuwied, Germany, where he remained for two...

     - Evan Harrington
  • Multatuli
    Multatuli
    Eduard Douwes Dekker , better known by his pen name Multatuli , was a Dutch writer famous for his satirical novel, Max Havelaar , which denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies .-Biography:Dekker was born in Amsterdam...

     - Max Havelaar
    Max Havelaar
    Max Havelaar: Or the Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company is a culturally and socially significant 1860 novel by Multatuli which was to play a key role in shaping and modifying Dutch colonial policy in the Dutch East Indies in the nineteenth and early twentieth century...

  • R. M. Potter - The Fall of the Alamo
  • Charles Reade
    Charles Reade
    Charles Reade was an English novelist and dramatist, best known for The Cloister and the Hearth.-Life:Charles Reade was born at Ipsden, Oxfordshire to John Reade and Anne Marie Scott-Waring; William Winwood Reade the influential historian , was his nephew. He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford,...

     - The Cloister and the Hearth
    The Cloister and the Hearth
    The Cloister and the Hearth is a historical novel by the English author Charles Reade. Set in the 15th century, it relates the story revolving about the travels of a young scribe and illuminator, Gerard Eliassoen, through several European countries. The Cloister and the Hearth often describes the...

  • Mary Howard Schoolcraft - The Black Gauntlet: A Tale of Plantation Life in South Carolina
    The Black Gauntlet: A Tale of Plantation Life in South Carolina
    The Black Gauntlet: A Tale of Plantation Life in South Carolina is an anti-Tom novel written in 1860 by Mary Howard Schoolcraft, published under her married name of Mrs...

  • Charlotte Mary Yonge
    Charlotte Mary Yonge
    Charlotte Mary Yonge , was an English novelist, known for her huge output, now mostly out of print.- Life :Charlotte Mary Yonge was born in Otterbourne, Hampshire, England, on 11 August 1823 to William Yonge and Fanny Yonge, née Bargus. She was educated at home by her father, studying Latin, Greek,...

    • Hopes and Fears
    • Kenneth

Non-fiction

  • Jacob Burckhardt
    Jacob Burckhardt
    Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt was a historian of art and culture, and an influential figure in the historiography of each field. He is known as one of the major progenitors of cultural history, albeit in a form very different from how cultural history is conceived and studied in academia today...

     - Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien
    The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
    The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy is an 1860 work on the Italian Renaissance by Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt. Together with his History of the Renaissance in Italy it is counted among the classics of Renaissance historiography.English translation by S. G. C...

    (The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy)
  • Eugène Crepet - Poètes francais; Les Paradis artificiels: opium et haschisch
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson
    Ralph Waldo Emerson
    Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century...

     - The Conduct of Life
    The Conduct of Life
    The Conduct of Life is a collection of essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson. It was published in 1860.-External links:**...

  • Gray's Anatomy
    Gray's Anatomy
    Gray's Anatomy is an English-language human anatomy textbook originally written by Henry Gray. The book is widely regarded as an extremely influential work on the subject, and has continued to be revised and republished from its initial publication in 1858 to the present day...

    , 2nd edition
  • John Ruskin
    John Ruskin
    John Ruskin was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era, also an art patron, draughtsman, watercolourist, a prominent social thinker and philanthropist. He wrote on subjects ranging from geology to architecture, myth to ornithology, literature to education, and botany to political...

     - Modern Painters IV

Births

  • January 10 - Charles G.D. Roberts
    Charles G.D. Roberts
    Sir Charles George Douglas Roberts, was a Canadian poet and prose writer who is known as the Father of Canadian Poetry. He was "almost the first Canadian author to obtain worldwide reputation and influence; he was also a tireless promoter and encourager of Canadian literature......

    , poet (+ 1943)
  • January 29 - Anton Chekhov
    Anton Chekhov
    Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian physician, dramatist and author who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short stories in history. His career as a dramatist produced four classics and his best short stories are held in high esteem by writers and critics...

    , Russian short story writer, novelist and dramatist (+ 1904)
  • February 11 - Rachilde
    Rachilde
    Rachilde was the nom de plume of Marguerite Vallette-Eymery, a French author who was born February 11, 1860 in Périgueux, Périgord, Dordogne, Aquitaine, France during the Second French Empire and died on April 4, 1953....

     (Marguerite Vallette-Eymery), French author (+ 1953)
  • May 9 - J. M. Barrie
    J. M. Barrie
    Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM was a Scottish author and dramatist, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. The child of a family of small-town weavers, he was educated in Scotland. He moved to London, where he developed a career as a novelist and playwright...

    , novelist and dramatist (+ 1937)
  • June 6 - William Ralph Inge
    William Ralph Inge
    William Ralph Inge was an English author, Anglican priest, professor of divinity at Cambridge, and Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, which provided the appellation by which he was widely known, "Dean Inge."- Life :...

    , theologian
  • July 3 - Charlotte Perkins Gilman
    Charlotte Perkins Gilman
    Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a prominent American sociologist, novelist, writer of short stories, poetry, and nonfiction, and a lecturer for social reform...

    , novelist and short story writer (+ 1935)
  • September 13 - Ralph Connor
    Ralph Connor
    Rev. Dr. Charles William Gordon, or Ralph Connor, was a Canadian novelist, using the Connor pen name while maintaining his status as a Church leader, first in the Presbyterian and later the United churches in Canada. Gordon was also at one time a master at Upper Canada College...

    , Canadian novelist (+ 1937)
  • September 14 - Hamlin Garland
    Hamlin Garland
    Hannibal Hamlin Garland was an American novelist, poet, essayist, and short story writer. He is best known for his fiction involving hard-working Midwestern farmers.- Biography :...

      (+ 1940)
  • October 23 - Molly Elliot Seawell
    Molly Elliot Seawell
    Molly Elliot Seawell was an American writer.-Family:She was born as Mary Elliot Seawell into one of the older families of English language-speaking North America and one of the first families of Virginia...

      (+ 1916)
  • December 11 - Leonard Huxley
    Leonard Huxley (writer)
    Leonard Huxley was an English schoolteacher, writer and editor.- Family :His father was the zoologist Thomas Henry Huxley, 'Darwin's bulldog'. Leonard was educated at University College School, London, St. Andrews University, and Balliol College, Oxford. He first married Julia Arnold, daughter of...

    , writer and editor, father of Aldous Huxley
    Aldous Huxley
    Aldous Leonard Huxley was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel...

  • date unknown - Harriet Theresa Comstock
    Harriet Theresa Comstock
    Harriet Theresa Comstock was an American novelist and author of children's books.She was born in 1860 in Nichols, New York, and educated in Plainfield, New Jersey.In 1885, she married to Philip Comstock of Brooklyn, New York....

    , children's author

Deaths

  • January 29 - Ernst Moritz Arndt
    Ernst Moritz Arndt
    Ernst Moritz Arndt was a German nationalistic and antisemitic author and poet. Early in his life, he fought for the abolition of serfdom, later against Napoleonic dominance over Germany, and had to flee to Sweden for some time due to his anti-French positions...

    , poet
  • February 9 - William Evans Burton
    William Evans Burton
    William Evans Burton , who often went by the nickname Billy, was an English actor, playwright, theater manager and publisher who relocated to the United States.-Early life:...

    , dramatist
  • February 25 - Chauncey Allen Goodrich
    Chauncey Allen Goodrich
    Chauncey Allen Goodrich was an American clergyman, educator and lexicographer. He was the son-in-law of Noah Webster and edited his Dictionary after his father-in-law's death.-Family:...

    , lexicographer
  • May 9 - Samuel Griswold Goodrich
    Samuel Griswold Goodrich
    Samuel Griswold Goodrich was an American author, better known under the pseudonym Peter Parley.-Biography:Goodrich was born at Ridgefield, Connecticut as the son of a Congregational minister...

    , children's author (Peter Parley)
  • May 16 - Annabella Byron, 11th Baroness Wentworth, wife of Lord Byron
  • May 23 - Albert Richard Smith
    Albert Richard Smith
    Albert Richard Smith , was an English author, entertainer, and mountaineer.-Biography:Smith was born at Chertsey, Surrey. The son of a surgeon, he studied medicine in London and in Paris, and his first literary effort was an account of his life there, which appeared in the Mirror. He gradually...

    , journalist and humorist
  • August 25
    • Christian Lobeck
      Christian Lobeck
      Christian August Lobeck , was a German classical scholar.He was born at Naumburg. After studying at the universities of Jena and Leipzig, he became Privatdozent at the University of Wittenberg in 1802, and in 1810 was appointed to a professorship there...

      , classical scholar
    • Johan Ludvig Heiberg
      Johan Ludvig Heiberg (poet)
      Johan Ludvig Heiberg , Danish poet and critic, son of the political writer Peter Andreas Heiberg , and of the novelist, afterwards the Baroness Gyllembourg-Ehrensvärd, was born in Copenhagen....

      , poet
  • September 21 - Arthur Schopenhauer
    Arthur Schopenhauer
    Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher known for his pessimism and philosophical clarity. At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation, On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the four separate manifestations of reason in the phenomenal...

    , philosopher
  • December 2 - Ferdinand Christian Baur
    Ferdinand Christian Baur
    Ferdinand Christian Baur was a German theologian and leader of the Tübingen school of theology...

    , theologian
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