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13th century

 

 

 

 

 

13th century


 
 
As a means of recording the passage of timeFacts About Time

Two distinct views exist on the meaning of time....
, the 13th century was that centuryCentury

A century is one hundred consecutive years....






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Timeline

1961   The farthing coin, used since the 13th century, ceases to be legal tender in the United Kingdom.






Encyclopedia


As a means of recording the passage of timeFacts About Time

Two distinct views exist on the meaning of time....
, the 13th century was that centuryCentury

A century is one hundred consecutive years....
 which lasted from 1201 through 1300 in accordance with the Julian calendarJulian calendar

The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC ....
 in the Christian/Common EraCommon Era

The Common Era , sometimes known as the Current Era or as the Christian Era, is the period of measured time begi...
. . In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages was the period of European history in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries....
, and after its conquests in Asia the Mongol EmpireMongol Empire

The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
 stretched from Korea to Eastern Europe.

Events



  • 1204 — Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade

    The Fourth Crusade, originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt, instead, in 1204, invaded and con...
     sacks ByzantineByzantine Empire

    Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the...
     ConstantinopleConstantinople

    Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and following its fall in 1453, of the Ottoman Empire until 1930, wh...
     and creates the Latin EmpireFacts About Latin Empire

    In 1204 the knights of the Fourth Crusade set up a Crusader state known as the Latin Empire, or Romania, based in Cons...
    .
  • 1205 — Battle of Adrianople (1205)Battle of Adrianople (1205)

    This Battle of Adrianople occurred on April 14 1205 between Bulgarians under Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under B...
    : TsarTsar

    Tsar , occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term des...
     Kaloyan with his army crushed the (otherwise unbeaten) Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade

    The Fourth Crusade, originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt, instead, in 1204, invaded and con...
    's knights and the soldiers of Emperor Baldwin I of ConstantinopleBaldwin I of Constantinople

    Baldwin I, the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin ...
     who was attacking BulgariaBulgaria

    Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a country in Southeastern Europe....
    n lands with the goal to conquer them.
  • 1206 — MongolsMongols

    Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ...
     united under TemüjinTemüjin

    Temjin may refer to:*Temjin Borjigin, the birth name of Genghis Khan....
    , who is proclaimed "Genghis KhanGenghis Khan

    Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp...
    ".
  • 1212 — The Battle of Las Navas de TolosaBattle of Las Navas de Tolosa

    The July 16 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia....
     in IberiaIberian Peninsula

    The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe....
     sees the beginning of a rapid ChristianChristian Summary

    A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ....
     reconquestReconquista

    The Reconquista was the process by which the Christian Kingdoms of northern Hispania defeated and expelled the souther...
     of the southern half of the Iberian peninsulaIberian Peninsula

    The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe....
    , with the defeat of MoorishAl-Andalus

    Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492....
     forces.
  • 1215 — King John of EnglandJohn of England

    John reigned as King of England from April 6, 1199, until his death....
     forced to sign Magna CartaMagna Carta

    Magna Carta , also called Magna Carta Libertatum , is an English charter originally issued in 1215....
     at RunnymedeRunnymede

    Runnymede is a water-meadow alongside the River Thames in the county of Surrey, England, associated with the signing of the ...
    .
  • 1215 — BeijingBeijing

    Beijing [[[Media:Beijing pronounced in English way.ogg|English Pronunciation]]] , a city in northern [[China]], is the [[Capital of China|capital]]...
     is captured and torched by the MongolsMongols

    Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ...
     under Genghis KhanGenghis Khan

    Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp...
    , initiating the Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty Summary

    The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo...
     in ChinaChina

    China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia....
    .
  • 1220 — The IslamIslam

    Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad....
    ic lands of Central AsiaCentral Asia

    Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia....
     are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan.
  • 1221 — The Maya of the YucatánYucatán

    Yucatn is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatn Peninsula....
     revolt against the rulers of Chichen ItzaChichen Itza Summary

    ...
    .
  • 1222 — Andrew II of HungaryAndrew II of Hungary

    Andrew II , king of Hungary from 1205 until 1235, member of Arpad dynasty....
     signs the Golden BullGolden Bull of 1222

    The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary....
     which affirms the privileges of HungarianHungary Summary

    Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovaki...
     nobility.
  • 1227 — Genghis Khan dies during the prolonged siege of the Western Xia Dynasty capital (located in northwestern China), while the TangutTangut

    The Tangut, also known as the Western Xia were a Qiangic-Tibetan people who moved to the highlands of western Sichuan ...
     Western Xia Dynasty falls soon after.
  • 1234 — the Jin Dynasty of northeastern China is conquered by the forces of the Mongol ruler Ögedei KhanÖgedei Khan

    gedei,, was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father....
    .
  • 1238 — The ThaiThailand

    The Kingdom of Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Ma...
     Kingdom of SukhothaiSukhothai kingdom

    The Sukhothai kingdom was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand....
     is established, with TheravadaTheravada

    Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka a...
     BuddhismBuddhism

    Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a way of life, a practical philosophy, and arguably a form of psychology....
     as the state religion. Later in the century it vassalises significant parts of modern ThailandThailand

    The Kingdom of Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Ma...
    , LaosLaos

    Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked socialist republic communist state in southeast...
    , BurmaMyanmar

    Myanmar, officially the Union of Myanmar is the largest country in geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia....
    , and MalaysiaMalaysia

    Malaysia is a federation of 13 states in Southeast Asia, formed in 1963....
    .
  • 1249 — End of the PortugueseFacts About Portugal

    Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic is located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, and is the w...
     ReconquistaReconquista

    The Reconquista was the process by which the Christian Kingdoms of northern Hispania defeated and expelled the souther...
     against the MoorsAl-Andalus

    Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492....
    , when King Afonso III of PortugalAfonso III of Portugal Overview

    Afonso III of Portugal , or Affonso , Alfonso or Alphonso or Alphonsus , the Bolognian or the Brave...
     reconquers the AlgarveAlgarve

    * Alcoutim* Aljezur* Castro Marim* Faro...
    .
  • 1250-1275 — the Arab or Persian born Muslim Pu Shougeng was appointed by the Song DynastySong Dynasty

    The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279....
     Chinese government as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for QuanzhouQuanzhou

    Quanzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China....
    .
  • 1258 — BaghdadBaghdad

    Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate....
     (Iraq), seat of the Muslim AbbasidAbbasid

    Abbasid is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the I...
     dynasty, is besieged and burnt to the ground by the forces of the Mongol commander Hulagu KhanHulagu Khan

    Hulagu Khan was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia....
    . The last Abbasid ruler Al-Musta'simAl-Musta'sim

    Al-Musta'sim was the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad; he ruled from 1242 to 1258....
     is executed by means of trampling horses.
  • 1259 — the Mongol ruler Möngke KhanMöngke Khan

    Mngke Khan was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1251 to 1259....
     is killed in battle by a Chinese cannonCannon

    A cannon is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance....
     blast at Fishing TownFishing town Summary

    Fishing Town or Fishing City also called the Oriental Mecca and the Place That Broke God's Whip is one of the three an...
    , ChongqingChongqing

    Chongqing is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China's four provincial-level municipalities, and the...
    , located in southwestern China.
  • 1260 — the Mongols are defeated by the Egyptian Mamluks in the Battle of Ain JalutBattle of Ain Jalut

    The Battle of Ain Jalut took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mamluks and the Mongols in Palestine....
    .
  • 1270 — Restoration of Solomonic dynastySolomonic dynasty

    The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba,...
     in EthiopiaEthiopia

    Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country situated in the Horn of Africa....
    , deposing the Zagwe dynastyZagwe dynasty Overview

    The Zagwe dynasty ruled Ethiopia from the end of the Kingdom of Axum to 1270, when Yekuno Amlak defeated and killed the last...
    .



  • 1271 — Edward I of EnglandEdward I of England

    Edward I , popularly known as "Longshanks" because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the "Hammer of the Scots" , a...
     and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth CrusadeNinth Crusade

    The Ninth Crusade, which is sometimes grouped with the Eighth Crusade, is commonly considered to be the last of the medieval...
     against BaibarsBaibars

    al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari...
    .
  • 1276 — A severe 23-year droughtDrought

    A drought is an abnormally dry period when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban or environmental water n...
     begins to affect the Grand Canyon areaHistory of the Grand Canyon area

    The known history of the Grand Canyon area stretches back 10,500 years when the first evidence for human presence in the are...
    , eventually forcing the agriculture-dependent Anasazi culture to migrate out of the region.
  • 1277 — Sultan BaibarsBaibars

    al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari...
     invades AnatoliaAnatolia

    Anatolia is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asiatic portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European...
     and captures the emirates which once composed the Sultanate of Rüm.
  • 1279, the Battle of YamenBattle of Yamen Summary

    The Battle of Yamen was a battle in 1279, considered to be the last stand of the Song Dynasty against the Yuan Dynasty....
     marks the fall of the Chinese Song DynastySong Dynasty Summary

    The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279....
     and the rise of the Mongol Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty

    The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo...
     led by Khublai Khan.
  • 1279 — The Chola Dynasty of South IndiaHistory of South India

    The history of South India covers a span of over two thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a numbe...
     falls under attacks by the Hoysala EmpireHoysala Empire

    The Hoysala Empire , at their peak ruled large parts of southern India from about1000 to 1346, with Belur, Karnataka as thei...
     and Pandyan kingdomPandyan Kingdom

    The Pandyan kingdom ????????? was an ancient Tamil state in South India of unknown antiquity....
    .
  • 1281 — MamlukMamluk

    A mamluk was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle ...
     sultan QalawunQalawun

    Saif ad-Din Qalawun al-Alfi al-Mansur was a Mameluk sultan of Egypt....
     defeats an invasion of Syria by MongolMongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
     IlkhanIlkhanate

    The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate, was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire....
     Abaqa KhanAbaqa Khan

    Abaqa Khan, the son of Hulagu and Oroqina Khatun, a Mongol Christian....
     at the Second Battle of HomsSecond Battle of Homs

    The second Battle of Homs was fought, on October 29, 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and Ilkhanate,...
    .
  • 1281 — The second Mongol invasion of JapanMongol invasions of Japan

    The ' of 1274 and 1281 were major military operations undertaken by Kublai Khan to conquer the Japanese islands after conquer...
     is foiled, as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikazeFacts About Kamikaze

    Kamikaze is a word of Japanese origin, which in the English language usually refers to the suicide attacks by Imperial Japa...
    — destroys much of the combined ChineseChina

    China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia....
     and KoreaKorea Overview

    KoreaOne of the world's oldest civilizations, Korea began with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC, according to the Dangun...
    n fleet and forces.
  • 1282 — AragonFacts About Aragon

    Aragon is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain....
     acquires SicilySicily

    Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km and 5 mi...
    , after the Sicilian VespersSicilian Vespers

    The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I of Na...
    .
  • 1283 — Kublai KhanKublai Khan

    Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or "the last of the Great Khans", was a Mongol military leader....
    's Mongol EmpireMongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
     invades the Khmer empireKhmer Empire

    The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom based in what is now Cambodia....
     of present-day CambodiaCambodia

    The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia with a population of more than 13 million....
    ; King Jayavarman VIIIJayavarman VIII Summary

    Jayavarman VIII was one of the kings of the Khmer empire....
     decides to pay tribute rather than fight the invasionInvasion

    An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by anot...
    .
  • 1284 — Peterhouse, CambridgePeterhouse, Cambridge

    Peterhouse is the oldest college in the University of Cambridge....
     founded by Hugo de Balsham, the Bishop of ElyBishop of Ely

    The Bishop of Ely is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Ely in the Province of Canterbury....
    .
  • 1285 — Second Mongol raidTatar invasions

    The Tatar invasions of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries, from the Middle Ages to the early...
     against HungaryKingdom of Hungary

    The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918....
    , led by Nogai KhanNogai Khan

    Nogai Khan, also called Kara Nogai, was a Khan of the Golden Horde and a great-grandson of Genghis Khan....
    .
  • 1291 — The Swiss Confederation is formed by UriFacts About Canton of Uri

    Uri is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland....
    , SchwyzSchwyz

    The town of Schwyz is the capital of the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland....
    , and UnterwaldenUnterwalden

    Unterwalden is the old name for what is now two cantons in central Switzerland, south of Lake Lucerne....
    .
  • 1291 — MamlukMamluk

    A mamluk was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle ...
     Sultan of Egypt KhalilKhalil

    Al-Malik Al-Ashraf Khalil was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1290 until his assassination in December, 1293....
     captures AcreSiege of Acre (1291)

    The Siege of Acre took place in 1291 and resulted in the fall of Acre, the last territory of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusal...
    , thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of JerusalemKingdom of Jerusalem Overview

    The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade....
     (the final ChristianChristian

    A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ....
     landholding remaining from the CrusadesCrusades

    The Crusades were a series of military campaigns waged in the name of Christendom This term refers to a particular political...
    ).
  • Battle of BouvinesBattle of Bouvines

    The Battle of Bouvines, July 27, 1214, was the first great international conflict of alliances among national forces in Euro...
  • BantuBantu

    Bantu is a general term for over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common la...
    -speaking peoples arrive in modern AngolaAngola

    Angola is a country in south-west Africa bordering Namibia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia, and with a wes...
    , partially displacing the original KhoisanKhoisan

    Khoisan is the name for two major ethnic groups of southern Africa....
     inhabitants.
  • PersianIran

    'Throughout history, Iran has been of great geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia....
     historian Rashid al-DinRashid al-Din

    Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani, was a Persian Doctor, writer and historian....
     records eleven Buddhist texts circulating in ArabicArabic language

    The Arabic language , or simply Arabic , is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language fami...
     translation.
  • James IJames I of Aragon

    James I of Aragon surnamed the Conqueror, was the king of Aragon, count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213...
     of AragonAragon

    Aragon is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain....
     takes control of Balearic IslandsBalearic Islands

    The Balearic Islands are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the coast of Spain....
     and ValenciaValencia (autonomous community)

    Valencia, Valencian Country, Land of Valencia, Valencian Community or Region of Valencia is an auton...
    .
  • Marco PoloMarco Polo

    Marco Polo was a Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father Niccol and his uncle Maffeo, was one of the fir...
     and his family reach ChinaChina

    China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia....
    .
  • NorwayNorway

    Insert non-formatted text hereNorway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering S...
     cedes the Isle of ManIsle of Man Overview

    The Isle of Man or Mann , is an island located in the Irish Sea at the geographical centre of Great Britain and Irela...
     to ScotlandScotland

    Scotland is a nation in northwest Europe and one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom....
    , following the signing of the Treaty of PerthTreaty of Perth

    .In Norwegian terms the Western Isles were known as the Sudreys and they had become Norwegian territory during centuries when bot...
    .
  • Ögedei KhanÖgedei Khan

    gedei,, was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father....
     establishes a Mongolian dynasty in ChinaChina

    China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia....
    . Some Mongol leaders convert from Tantric Buddhism to IslamIslam Overview

    Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad....
    .
  • Teutonic KnightsTeutonic Knights

    The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th centur...
     begin activity in Eastern Europe.
  • TheravadaTheravada Overview

    Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka a...
     overtakes MahayanaMahayana

    Mahayana is one of the major branches of Buddhism....
     as the dominant form of BuddhismBuddhism

    Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a way of life, a practical philosophy, and arguably a form of psychology....
     in CambodiaCambodia

    The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia with a population of more than 13 million....
    .
  • A period of civil unrest, . Sturlungaöld, leads to IcelandIceland

    Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland is a volcanic island nation in the northern Atlantic Ocean between Greenl...
     becoming part of the Kingdom of Norway.


  • End of HohenstaufenHohenstaufen

    The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia....
     dynasty at the Battle of TagliacozzoBattle of Tagliacozzo

    The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on August 23, 1268 between the French forces of Charles of Anjou and the Italian/Spanis...
    . The Kingdom of SicilyKingdom of Sicily

    The Kingdom of Sicily was originally a Norman foundation....
     goes to French AnjouAnjou

    Anjou is a former county , duchy and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France....
     house.
  • Fall of the Ghana EmpireGhana Empire

    The Empire of Ghana was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania and part of Mali....
    .
  • Fall of the HohenstaufenHohenstaufen

    The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia....
     dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. SicilySicily

    Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km and 5 mi...
     and NaplesNaples

    Naples is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania region and the Province of Naples....
     are acquired by the French count Charles I of Naples.
  • Fifth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against IslamIslam Overview

    Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad....
    .
  • FinlandFinland

    The Republic of Finland , is one of the Nordic countries....
     gets its first city, TurkuTurku

    Turku , founded in the 13th century, is the oldest and fifth largest city in Finland, with a population of 174,868 ....
    .
  • First EuropeEurope

    Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth....
    an universities founded.
  • Most of Asia and Eastern Europe is conquered and incorporated into the Mongol EmpireFacts About Mongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
    .
  • The Medieval Warm PeriodMedieval Warm Period

    The Medieval Warm Period or Medieval Climate Optimum was a time of unusually warm climate in Europe, lasting from abo...
     ends.
  • The Utiguri BulgarBulgars

    The Bulgars were a seminomadic asiatic people who since the 2nd century inhabited the steppe north of Caucasus and the bank...
     state on the Volga vanishes from history.
  • SamoaSamoa

    Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa, is a country comprising a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocea...
     gains its independence from the Tu'i Tonga EmpireTu'i Tonga Empire

    The Tui Tonga Empire or Tongan Empire was a powerful Oceanian empire....
    , and founds the MalietoaMalietoa

    Malietoa is a state dynasty and title in western Samoa....
     dynasty.

Significant people



  • Genghis KhanGenghis Khan

    Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp...
    , founder of Mongol EmpireMongol Empire

    The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
  • Batu KhanBatu Khan Summary

    Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde....
    , MongolMongols

    Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ...
     ruler and the founder of the Golden HordeGolden Horde

    The Golden Horde was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the brea...
  • Haakon Haakonsson, king of NorwayFacts About Norway

    Insert non-formatted text hereNorway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering S...
     from 1217 to 1263. After the long civil war Norway would again prosper under his rule and come to dominate Scandinavian politics.
  • Edward I of EnglandFacts About Edward I of England

    Edward I , popularly known as "Longshanks" because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the "Hammer of the Scots" , a...
    , English King
  • Ottokar II of BohemiaOttokar II of Bohemia

    Otakar II was a king of Bohemia. He was the second son of King Wenceslaus I of the Premyslid dynasty, and through his mother...
    , King of BohemiaList of rulers of Bohemia

    The Lands of the Bohemian Crown, were ruled by dukes and kings. ...
  • BaibarsBaibars

    al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari...
    , Mameluk sultan of EgyptFacts About Egypt

    Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a Middle Eastern country in North Africa....
  • Ibn Taymiyyah, famous HanbaliHanbali

    Hanbali is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam....
    , SalafiSalafi

    Salafism, is an adherent of a contemporary movement in Sunni Islam ascribing his understanding and practice of Islam to the ...
     Scholar of Islam
  • Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri

    Durante degli Alighieri, better known as Dante Alighieri or simply Dante, was an Italian Florentine poet....
    , Italian writer
  • William MarshalWilliam Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

    William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, also called William the Marshal, was an English aristocrat and statesman....
    , knightKnight

    Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages....
     and statesman.
  • Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas

    Saint Thomas Aquinas [Thomas of Aquin, or Aquino] was an Italian philosopher and theologian in the scholastic t...
    , theologian
  • Giotto di BondoneGiotto di Bondone

    Giotto di Bondone, better known simply as Giotto, was an Italian painter and architect....
    , Italian painter
  • CimabueCimabue

    Cenni di Pepo Cimabue also known as Bencivieni Di Pepo or in modern Italian, Benvenuto Di Giuseppe, was a Florentine pain...
    , Florentine painter
  • Sundiata KeitaSundiata Keita

    Sundiata Keita or Sunjata Keyita was the founder of the Mali Empire and celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of...
     semi-historical founder of the Mali EmpireMali Empire

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Decades and years


External links

  • by James J. WalshJames Joseph Walsh

    James Joseph Walsh, M.D., LL.D., Litt.D., Sc.D. was an American physician and author, born in New York City....
    , 1907