As a means of recording the passage of timeFacts About Time
Two distinct views exist on the meaning of time.... , the 13th century was that centuryCentury
A century is one hundred consecutive years.... which lasted from 1201 through 1300 in accordance with the Julian calendarJulian calendar
The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and took force in 45 BC .... in the Christian/Common EraCommon Era
The Common Era , sometimes known as the Current Era or as the Christian Era, is the period of measured time begi... . . In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was the period of European history in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.... , and after its conquests in Asia the Mongol EmpireMongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima... stretched from Korea to Eastern Europe.
The Fourth Crusade, originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt, instead, in 1204, invaded and con... sacks ByzantineByzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the... ConstantinopleConstantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine Empire and following its fall in 1453, of the Ottoman Empire until 1930, wh... and creates the Latin EmpireFacts About Latin Empire
In 1204 the knights of the Fourth Crusade set up a Crusader state known as the Latin Empire, or Romania, based in Cons... .
This Battle of Adrianople occurred on April 14 1205 between Bulgarians under Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under B... : TsarTsar
Tsar , occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term des... Kaloyan with his army crushed the (otherwise unbeaten) Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade, originally designed to conquer Jerusalem through an invasion of Egypt, instead, in 1204, invaded and con... 's knights and the soldiers of Emperor Baldwin I of ConstantinopleBaldwin I of Constantinople
Baldwin I, the first emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as Baldwin IX Count of Flanders and as Baldwin ... who was attacking BulgariaBulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a country in Southeastern Europe.... n lands with the goal to conquer them.
Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ... united under TemüjinTemüjin
Temjin may refer to:*Temjin Borjigin, the birth name of Genghis Khan.... , who is proclaimed "Genghis KhanGenghis Khan
Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp... ".
The July 16 1212 battle of Las Navas de Tolosa is considered a major turning point in the history of Medieval Iberia.... in IberiaIberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe.... sees the beginning of a rapid ChristianChristian Summary
A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ.... reconquestReconquista
The Reconquista was the process by which the Christian Kingdoms of northern Hispania defeated and expelled the souther... of the southern half of the Iberian peninsulaIberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe.... , with the defeat of MoorishAl-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492.... forces.
Beijing [[[Media:Beijing pronounced in English way.ogg|English Pronunciation]]] , a city in northern [[China]], is the [[Capital of China|capital]]... is captured and torched by the MongolsMongols
Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ... under Genghis KhanGenghis Khan
Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp... , initiating the Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty Summary
The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo... in ChinaChina
China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... .
Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad.... ic lands of Central AsiaCentral Asia
Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia.... are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan.
Yucatn is the name of one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatn Peninsula.... revolt against the rulers of Chichen ItzaChichen Itza Summary
Andrew II , king of Hungary from 1205 until 1235, member of Arpad dynasty.... signs the Golden BullGolden Bull of 1222
The Golden Bull of 1222 was a golden bull, or edict, issued by King Andrew II of Hungary.... which affirms the privileges of HungarianHungary Summary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovaki... nobility.
1227 — Genghis Khan dies during the prolonged siege of the Western Xia Dynasty capital (located in northwestern China), while the TangutTangut
The Tangut, also known as the Western Xia were a Qiangic-Tibetan people who moved to the highlands of western Sichuan ... Western Xia Dynasty falls soon after.
1234 — the Jin Dynasty of northeastern China is conquered by the forces of the Mongol ruler Ögedei KhanÖgedei Khan
gedei,, was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father.... .
The Kingdom of Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Ma... Kingdom of SukhothaiSukhothai kingdom
The Sukhothai kingdom was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.... is established, with TheravadaTheravada
Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka a... BuddhismBuddhism
Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a way of life, a practical philosophy, and arguably a form of psychology.... as the state religion. Later in the century it vassalises significant parts of modern ThailandThailand
The Kingdom of Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia to the east, the Gulf of Thailand and Ma... , LaosLaos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked socialist republic communist state in southeast... , BurmaMyanmar
Myanmar, officially the Union of Myanmar is the largest country in geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia.... , and MalaysiaMalaysia
Malaysia is a federation of 13 states in Southeast Asia, formed in 1963.... .
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic is located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, and is the w... ReconquistaReconquista
The Reconquista was the process by which the Christian Kingdoms of northern Hispania defeated and expelled the souther... against the MoorsAl-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492.... , when King Afonso III of PortugalAfonso III of Portugal Overview
Afonso III of Portugal , or Affonso , Alfonso or Alphonso or Alphonsus , the Bolognian or the Brave... reconquers the AlgarveAlgarve
* Alcoutim* Aljezur* Castro Marim* Faro... .
1250-1275 — the Arab or Persian born Muslim Pu Shougeng was appointed by the Song DynastySong Dynasty
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279.... Chinese government as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for QuanzhouQuanzhou
Quanzhou is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China.... .
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate.... (Iraq), seat of the Muslim AbbasidAbbasid
Abbasid is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the I... dynasty, is besieged and burnt to the ground by the forces of the Mongol commander Hulagu KhanHulagu Khan
Hulagu Khan was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia.... . The last Abbasid ruler Al-Musta'simAl-Musta'sim
Al-Musta'sim was the last Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad; he ruled from 1242 to 1258.... is executed by means of trampling horses.
Mngke Khan was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1251 to 1259.... is killed in battle by a Chinese cannonCannon
A cannon is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance.... blast at Fishing TownFishing town Summary
Fishing Town or Fishing City also called the Oriental Mecca and the Place That Broke God's Whip is one of the three an... , ChongqingChongqing
Chongqing is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China's four provincial-level municipalities, and the... , located in southwestern China.
1260 — the Mongols are defeated by the Egyptian Mamluks in the Battle of Ain JalutBattle of Ain Jalut
The Battle of Ain Jalut took place on September 3, 1260 between the Mamluks and the Mongols in Palestine.... .
The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba,... in EthiopiaEthiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country situated in the Horn of Africa.... , deposing the Zagwe dynastyZagwe dynasty Overview
The Zagwe dynasty ruled Ethiopia from the end of the Kingdom of Axum to 1270, when Yekuno Amlak defeated and killed the last... .
Edward I , popularly known as "Longshanks" because of his 6 foot 2 inch frame and the "Hammer of the Scots" , a... and Charles of Anjou arrive in Acre, starting the Ninth CrusadeNinth Crusade
The Ninth Crusade, which is sometimes grouped with the Eighth Crusade, is commonly considered to be the last of the medieval... against BaibarsBaibars
A drought is an abnormally dry period when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban or environmental water n... begins to affect the Grand Canyon areaHistory of the Grand Canyon area
The known history of the Grand Canyon area stretches back 10,500 years when the first evidence for human presence in the are... , eventually forcing the agriculture-dependent Anasazi culture to migrate out of the region.
Anatolia is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asiatic portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European... and captures the emirates which once composed the Sultanate of Rüm.
The Battle of Yamen was a battle in 1279, considered to be the last stand of the Song Dynasty against the Yuan Dynasty.... marks the fall of the Chinese Song DynastySong Dynasty Summary
The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279.... and the rise of the Mongol Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo... led by Khublai Khan.
1279 — The Chola Dynasty of South IndiaHistory of South India
The history of South India covers a span of over two thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a numbe... falls under attacks by the Hoysala EmpireHoysala Empire
The Hoysala Empire , at their peak ruled large parts of southern India from about1000 to 1346, with Belur, Karnataka as thei... and Pandyan kingdomPandyan Kingdom
The Pandyan kingdom ????????? was an ancient Tamil state in South India of unknown antiquity.... .
The ' of 1274 and 1281 were major military operations undertaken by Kublai Khan to conquer the Japanese islands after conquer... is foiled, as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikazeFacts About Kamikaze
Kamikaze is a word of Japanese origin, which in the English language usually refers to the suicide attacks by Imperial Japa... — destroys much of the combined ChineseChina
China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... and KoreaKorea Overview
KoreaOne of the world's oldest civilizations, Korea began with the founding of Gojoseon in 2333 BC, according to the Dangun... n fleet and forces.
Aragon is an autonomous community of north-eastern Spain.... acquires SicilySicily
Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km and 5 mi... , after the Sicilian VespersSicilian Vespers
The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I of Na... .
Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or "the last of the Great Khans", was a Mongol military leader.... 's Mongol EmpireMongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima... invades the Khmer empireKhmer Empire
The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom based in what is now Cambodia.... of present-day CambodiaCambodia
The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia with a population of more than 13 million.... ; King Jayavarman VIIIJayavarman VIII Summary
Jayavarman VIII was one of the kings of the Khmer empire.... decides to pay tribute rather than fight the invasionInvasion
An invasion is a military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by anot... .
The Tatar invasions of Europe from the east took place over the course of three centuries, from the Middle Ages to the early... against HungaryKingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary is the name of a kingdom that existed in Central Europe from 1000 to 1918.... , led by Nogai KhanNogai Khan
Nogai Khan, also called Kara Nogai, was a Khan of the Golden Horde and a great-grandson of Genghis Khan.... .
1291 — The Swiss Confederation is formed by UriFacts About Canton of Uri
Uri is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland.... , SchwyzSchwyz
The town of Schwyz is the capital of the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland.... , and UnterwaldenUnterwalden
Unterwalden is the old name for what is now two cantons in central Switzerland, south of Lake Lucerne.... .
A mamluk was a slave soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle ... Sultan of Egypt KhalilKhalil
Al-Malik Al-Ashraf Khalil was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1290 until his assassination in December, 1293.... captures AcreSiege of Acre (1291)
The Siege of Acre took place in 1291 and resulted in the fall of Acre, the last territory of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusal... , thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of JerusalemKingdom of Jerusalem Overview
The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian kingdom established in the Levant in 1099 after the First Crusade.... (the final ChristianChristian
A Christian is a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, referred to as Christ.... landholding remaining from the CrusadesCrusades
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns waged in the name of Christendom This term refers to a particular political... ).
Bantu is a general term for over 400 different ethnic groups in Africa, from Cameroon to South Africa, united by a common la... -speaking peoples arrive in modern AngolaAngola
Angola is a country in south-west Africa bordering Namibia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia, and with a wes... , partially displacing the original KhoisanKhoisan
Khoisan is the name for two major ethnic groups of southern Africa.... inhabitants.
'Throughout history, Iran has been of great geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia.... historian Rashid al-DinRashid al-Din
Rashid al-Din Tabib also Rashid ad-Din Fadhlullah Hamadani, was a Persian Doctor, writer and historian.... records eleven Buddhist texts circulating in ArabicArabic language
The Arabic language , or simply Arabic , is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language fami... translation.
Marco Polo was a Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father Niccol and his uncle Maffeo, was one of the fir... and his family reach ChinaChina
China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... .
Insert non-formatted text hereNorway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering S... cedes the Isle of ManIsle of Man Overview
The Isle of Man or Mann , is an island located in the Irish Sea at the geographical centre of Great Britain and Irela... to ScotlandScotland
Scotland is a nation in northwest Europe and one of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom.... , following the signing of the Treaty of PerthTreaty of Perth
.In Norwegian terms the Western Isles were known as the Sudreys and they had become Norwegian territory during centuries when bot... .
gedei,, was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father.... establishes a Mongolian dynasty in ChinaChina
China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia.... . Some Mongol leaders convert from Tantric Buddhism to IslamIslam Overview
Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad.... .
The Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order formed at the end of the 12th centur... begin activity in Eastern Europe.
Theravada is the oldest surviving Buddhist school, and for many centuries has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka a... overtakes MahayanaMahayana
Mahayana is one of the major branches of Buddhism.... as the dominant form of BuddhismBuddhism
Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion, a way of life, a practical philosophy, and arguably a form of psychology.... in CambodiaCambodia
The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia with a population of more than 13 million.... .
A period of civil unrest, . Sturlungaöld, leads to IcelandIceland
Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland is a volcanic island nation in the northern Atlantic Ocean between Greenl... becoming part of the Kingdom of Norway.
The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia.... dynasty at the Battle of TagliacozzoBattle of Tagliacozzo
The Battle of Tagliacozzo was fought on August 23, 1268 between the French forces of Charles of Anjou and the Italian/Spanis... . The Kingdom of SicilyKingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily was originally a Norman foundation.... goes to French AnjouAnjou
Anjou is a former county , duchy and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower Loire Valley of western France.... house.
The Hohenstaufen were a dynasty of Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Dukes of Swabia.... dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. SicilySicily
Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km and 5 mi... and NaplesNaples
Naples is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania region and the Province of Naples.... are acquired by the French count Charles I of Naples.
Fifth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against IslamIslam Overview
Islam is a monotheistic religion based upon the Qur'an, which adherents believe was sent by God through Muhammad.... .
The Bulgars were a seminomadic asiatic people who since the 2nd century inhabited the steppe north of Caucasus and the bank... state on the Volga vanishes from history.
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa, is a country comprising a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocea... gains its independence from the Tu'i Tonga EmpireTu'i Tonga Empire
The Tui Tonga Empire or Tongan Empire was a powerful Oceanian empire.... , and founds the MalietoaMalietoa
Malietoa is a state dynasty and title in western Samoa.... dynasty.
Genghis Khan, , was a Mongol political and military leader or Khan who united the Mongol tribes and founded the Mongol Emp... , founder of Mongol EmpireMongol Empire
The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in world history, covering over 36 million kmat its peak, with an estima...
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and the founder of the Blue Horde.... , MongolMongols
Mongols are an ethnic group that originated in what is now Mongolia, Russia, and China or more specifically on the Central ... ruler and the founder of the Golden HordeGolden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Tatar-Mongol state established in parts of present-day Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan after the brea...
Haakon Haakonsson, king of NorwayFacts About Norway
Insert non-formatted text hereNorway is a Nordic country on the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordering S... from 1217 to 1263. After the long civil war Norway would again prosper under his rule and come to dominate Scandinavian politics.
Otakar II was a king of Bohemia. He was the second son of King Wenceslaus I of the Premyslid dynasty, and through his mother... , King of BohemiaList of rulers of Bohemia
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown, were ruled by dukes and kings. ...
Sundiata Keita or Sunjata Keyita was the founder of the Mali Empire and celebrated as a hero of the Mandinka people of... semi-historical founder of the Mali EmpireMali Empire
The Mali Empire was an empire of the Mandinka, a Mand people in West Africa, dating from the 13th to 16th centuries....
Albertus Magnus , also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who became f... , German philosopher and theologian
Robert Grosseteste, English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian and bishop of Lincoln, was born of humble parents ... , English statesman, theologian, and scientist
Birger jarl, full name Birger Magnusson of Bjlbo, was a Swedish statesman and the founder of Stockholm.... , Swedish statesman, earl, and founder of StockholmStockholm Overview
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden, and consequently the site of its Government and Parliament as well as the residence of ...
Frederick II, of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder... , emperor of the Holy Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a mainly Central European conglomeration of lands in the Middle Ages and the early modern period, ...
Kublai Khan, Khubilai Khan or "the last of the Great Khans", was a Mongol military leader.... , Khan ruler, founder of Yuan DynastyYuan Dynasty Overview
The Yuan Dynasty lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, followed the Song Dynasty and preceded the Ming Dynasty in the histo... in ChinaChina
China is a cultural region and ancient civilization in East Asia....
Saint Alexander Nevsky listen was the Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir during some of the most trying times in the coun... , Grand Prince of Novgorod and VladimirVladimir
Sir William Wallace was a Scottish knight who led a resistance to the English occupation of Scotland during significant per... , ScottishScottish people
This article is about the Scottish as an ethnic group.... national leader
Bla IV was the king of Hungary between 1235 and 1270 and member of Arpad dynasty. ... rebuilder of HungaryHungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovaki... after the devastating Mongol invasion
